닥나무 톱밥 첨가량에 따른 표고 생육특성 비교

정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2018 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.46 No.3

We aimed to increase the utility of Broussonetia kazinoki (paper mulberry) by using its woody parts as a substrate for Lentinula edodes cultivation. Using different mixing ratios of paper mulberry and oak tree sawdust, five types of column-type media were prepared (1.2 kg each). Two L. edodes strains (NIFoS 2462 and NIFoS 2778) were used in this study. In the first flush, numerous small mushrooms were harvested because the fruited mushrooms were densely packed on the small media. The highest productivity was obtained with a 3:1 mixture of paper mulberry and oak tree sawdust (Q. acutissima:Q. mongolica, 1:1). In particular, for NIFoS 2462, the proportion of paper mulberry in the medium positively correlated with productivity. The size of NIFoS 2778 was uniform in all media tested. By contrast, the mushroom weight of NIFoS 2462 decreased, but the other characteristics were not significantly affected. Collectively, these findings suggest that B. kazinoki sawdust could be used to grow shiitake mushrooms and that some oak sawdust substitution is also possible. Our results could increase the utility of discarded by-products, such as sawdust.

다양한 기질에 대한 표고버섯 톱밥재배 가능성

정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2019 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.47 No.4

We investigated the effect of different media components on the characteristics and productivity of Lentinula edodes cultivated in sawdust. Ten substrates were used for this study. Soybean and cotton seed meal were unsuitable substrates as fungal mycelia did not grow to maturity during the incubation period. Lentinula edodes (NIFoS culture number 2462) was grown on the ten substrates, and soybean hull, mixed medium, cotton seed hull and corn grain showed greater effect on the productivity than wheat bran. However, wheat bran induced higher productivity in NIFoS 2778 than the other substrates. Sawdust medium with soybean meal produced smaller fruiting bodies than the other substrates. In contrast, corn meal media produced larger mushrooms than the other substrates. The external characteristics of the mushrooms varied based on the substrates upon which they were grown. This is not surprising given that the substrates differed with respect to carbohydrate and protein content, e.g., cotton seed and soybean meal contained a higher crude protein and crude ash than the other substrates tested.

분리형 용기를 이용한 표고버섯 톱밥재배 연구

정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2019 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.47 No.4

Currently, plastic bags are being used for sawdust cultivation of shiitake mushroom. However, due to serious environmental problems caused by the use of plastic bags, we studied the efficacy of bottle cultivation method to replace the sawdust bag method. Small detachable plastic bottles (400 g capacity) filled with Quercus spp. sawdust and wheat bran (4:1 w/w) media were incubated for 80 and 120 days. The weight loss (%) of the media was higher for the NIFoS 2464 strain at an approximate light intensity of 300 Lux than light intensity of 500 Lux; the light intensity was associated with the loss of sawdust medium-weight during the cultivation period. The highest yield was observed when the strain was cultivated for 80 days under dark conditions, 40 days under 500 Lux light, and air circulation fan speed of 30 rpm. When incubated for 120 days, mushroom yield in the bottle media was higher at 40 days of light exposure than 20 days of light exposure. In the bottle media incubated for 80 days under dark conditions, the mushrooms fruited due to repetitive water spraying on the top of the media and light stimulation during the fruiting period. The media could be separated from the bottles because the media shrank after the first harvest. These separated plastic bottles could be re-used for mushroom cultivation, thereby reducing the amount of plastic waste.

저온보존기간이 담자균류의 균사생장과 목질분해효소의 활성에 미치는 영향

정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),가강현 ( Kang Hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2014 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

Subculture is the most common method for preservation fungi, but has a disadvantage of accumulation of spontaneous mutations during the repeated subculture. To reduce the subculture frequency, the effect of preservation period at 4oC in a slant culture was examined on the mycelia growth and lignocellulolytic enzyme activities of various basidiomycetes. Mushrooms, including Stereum ostrea, Coprinellus micaeus, Trametes versicolor, Hypholoma fasciculare, Wolfiporia extensa, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Piptoporus betulinus and Ganoderma applanatum were not affected by the preservation period more than two years, indicating that they can be maintained by subculture every two years. Some other tested fungal strains showed a significant decrease in both viability and enzyme activity when they were maintained for two years, suggesting that they should be subcultured at least once in a year. A little correlation was found between the recovery of mycelial growth and extracellular enzyme activity. In conclusion, mycelial activity and enzyme activity according to storage period is expected to be a way of deciding on subculture times for fungal preservation.

단핵균주간 교잡에 의한 에르고티오네인 함량이 높은 기능성 표고 균주 선발

김민준 ( Min-jun Kim ),정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2021 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

본 연구에서는 단포자 교배를 통해 교잡균주를 만들고 자실체를 발생시켜 형태적 특성과에 르고티오네인 함량을 조사하였다. 자실체의 형태적 특성과 생산량을 함께 고려한다면 교잡 균주 중 NIFoS 5101 균주의 자실체가 준수하게 확인되었다. 자실체 에르고티오네인 함량 조사 결과 모균주 평균이 540 mg/kg이었고 교잡균주 자실체 평균은 459 mg/kg으로 확인되었다. 대부분의 교잡균주 자실체는 모균주보다 낮은 에르고티오네인 함량을 보였지만 NIFoS 5101 균주 자실체는 모균주인 밤빛향보다 높게 측정되었으며 NIFoS 5108 균주 자실체 두 가지 모균주 밤빛향과 산산향보다 20%가량 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 자실체의 형태적 특성과 에르고티오네인 함량 분석 결과를 종합하면 NIFoS 5101 균주가 교잡균주 중 가장 준수한 결과를 나타냈다. Lentinula edodes have been cultivated extensively not only in South Korea but also in other Asian countries. In terms of taste and nutrition, it is a valuable mushroom that is comparable to other mushrooms. L. edodes contains various physiologically active compounds that promote human health. One compound, ergothioneine, exerts a powerful antioxidant function that inhibits cellular senescence. As it is not biosynthesized by plants or animals, L. edodes is very important for ergothioneine supply. The L. edodes cultivars Bambithyang (NIFoS 3404) and Sansanhyang (NIFoS 3420) of the National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS) had higher ergothioneine content than the other cultivars, and 11 strains were obtained using mono-mono hybridization between them. The strains were inoculated into sawdust media to obtain fruiting bodies, and the ergothioneine content of each hybrid strain was confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Among the 11 strains, NIFoS 5108 had a higher ergothioneine content than the parental strains, Bambithyang (NIFoS 3404) and Sansanhyang (NIFoS 3420). This study revealed that it is possible to develop cultivars with improved specific functions using mono-mono hybridization.

사각블럭 배지에서 국립산림과학원 개발 표고 품종의 자실체 특성 비교

박영애 ( Young-ae Park ),이봉훈 ( Bonghun Lee ),정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2021 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.49 No.1

국립산림과학원이 개발한 표고 품종 6개를 대상으로 사각블럭배지에 적합한 품종을 선발하고자 하였다. 100일째 중량감소율은 평균 14.4% (12.8%~15.7%) 였다. 발생작업 후 5~7일에 발이조사 결과 배지당 2~36개였고, 만추향>산산향>산백향>밤빛향>산장향>태향고 순이었다. 대길이는 41~59 mm였고 태향고>산백향>밤빛향>만추향>산장향>산산향 순으로 길었다. 대길이가 짧고 대두께가 굵은 품종은 산산향이 우수하였다. 개체당 중량은 33~77 g였고 태향고>밤빛향>산산향>만추향>산장향>산백향 순이었다. 2 kg 배지의 생산량은 산백향이 가장 많은 582 g이었고 밤빛향>만추향>태향고>산산향>산장향 순이었다. 버섯 갓의 경도는 1,218~1,839 g/10 mm였고 태향고가 1,839 g/10 mm로 가장 단단하였고 밤빛향이 가장 낮았다. 결론적으로 사각블럭배지 재배조건에서 버섯 생산량은 산백향과 밤빛향이 좋았고, 버섯 형태면에서 산산향이 우수하였다. Six strains among the shiitake varieties developed by the National Institute of Forest Science were used to select suitable varieties for sawdust block cultivation method. After 100 days cultivation (60 days in dark and 40 days in light), the weight loss rate of the sawdust block media was 14.4% (12.8% to 15.7%) in average. After 5 to 7 days of fruiting process, 2~36 primordia per medium were formed. The number of primordium formation was in the following order: Manchuhyang> Sansanhyang> Sanbaekhyang> Bambithyang> Sangjanghyang> Taehyanggo. The stipe length was 41~59 mm as followed by Taehyanggo (59 mm), Sanbackhyang (56 mm), Bambithyang (54 mm), Manchuhyang (53 mm), Sanjanghyang (45 mm) and Sansanhyang (41 mm). Among the strains, Sansanhyang had short and thick stipe. The average weight of fruiting bodies was 33~77 g as following order of Taehyanggo (77 g), Bambithyang (51 g), Sansanhyang (50 g), Manchuhyang (41 g), Sanjanghyang (34 g) and Sanbackhyang (33 g). Mushroom production per 2 kg medium was the highest in Sanbackhyang (473 g) followed by Bambithyang (287 g), Manchuhyang (175 g), Sansanhyang (109 g), Sanjanghyang (78 g) and Taehyanggo (60 g). The hardness of the cap was 1,218 to 1,839 g/10 mm. Taehyanggo was the hardest (1,839 g/10 mm) and Bambithyang was the softest (1,218 g/10 mm). In conclusion, in the cultivation condition of sawdust block medium, mushroom production was good in Sanbackhyang and Bambithyang. Sansanhyang showed good in terms of fruiting body shape.

이원교배에 의해 균핵 형성하는 복령 균주 개발

가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ),김수연 ( Suyeon Kim ),박미정 ( Mi-jeong Park ),정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),최종운 ( Jong-woon Choi ),김성환 ( Seong Hwan Kim ) 한국균학회 2021 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.49 No.3

Wolfiporia cocos is an important medicinal fungus that has been used in regions of Northeast Asia including Korea, Japan, and China. W. cocos is classified in Korea into two types (red bokryeong and white bokryeong) based on the internal colors (yellow orange-pale pink and white) of the sclerotium. Generally, the W. cocos type cultivated on farms produces white sclerotium. In this study, we endeavored to select strains that form sclerotium in sawdust medium using 2-way cross-breeding among two cultivated strains and three wild strains. Monospores were isolated from the fruiting bodies of cultivated and wild strains on potato dextrose agar. Thirty-nine strains of 338 hybrid strains isolated formed sclerotia with white or yellow colors upon culture for 3 months in Pinus densiflora sawdust medium. Selection for sclerotium forming strains using sawdust culture follows a very simple and easy procedure that is presented for the first time in this paper. We plan to test selected strains in the field to aid in developing new varieties for the future.

Panellus edulis 수집 균주의 균사배양 및 자실체 특성 분석

우성이 ( Sung-i Woo ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),박영애 ( Youngae Park ),정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ),가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2018 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.46 No.3

Molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region sequences revealed that the strains used in this study, which were formerly identified as Panellus serotinus, are Panellus edullis. After Universal Fungal PCR Fingerprinting (UFPF) analysis, eight strains of P. edulis were divided into two groups. We conducted fundamental research on mycelial growth and sawdust cultivation to understand the cultural characteristics of eight wild P. edulis strains collected from Korean forests. All strains showed faster and denser mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) than on other media (malt extract agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar). Optimal conditions for mycelial growth were: 20℃ on PDA, 25℃ on potato dextrose broth (PDB), and pH 5~8 on PDB at 25℃. Two strains (NIFoS 2407, 3993) were selected as excellent strains based on mycelial growth and density on PDA. NIFoS 2792 showed high cellulase activities on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar, and NIFoS 2387 and 2804 exhibited high laccase activities on ABTS-containing agar media. The mycelial growth of P. edulis was the fastest on Quercus acutissima and Q. mongolica sawdust media, and mycelial density was the highest on Quercus spp. sawdust-containing media. Sawdust cultivation of P. edulis was successful. The conditions were 80~85 days of cultivation period after spawn inoculation, 10~11 days for primordial formation at 17~18°C, and 15~20 days for fruiting growth. NIFoS 2804 and 3993 were selected as good strains in terms of cultivation period and mushroom production. These results could be useful for the artificial cultivation of P. edulis.

송이 감염묘 육성을 위해 야외 조건에서도 송이균 생존이 가능한 소나무의 최소 크기 결정

가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ),김희수 ( Hee-su Kim ),전성민 ( Sung-min Jeon ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),장영선 ( Yeongsun Jang ),왕은진 ( Eun-jin Wang ),정연석 ( Yeun Sug Jeong ) 한국균학회 2017 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.45 No.3

Despite the high commercial value of the pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) around the world, its production still depends upon natural harvesting. In recent years, mushroom researchers in Korea and Japan have been successful in artificially cultivating T. matsutake by producing single mushroom through matsutake-infected pine seedlings. In this study, we determined the minimum seedling height required for the survival of matsutake mycelia in the infected pine seedlings in the field. The survival rate of matsutake mycelia in the matsutakeinfected pine seedlings was 50% (14) in two years and 71% (10) in one year after their transplantation. The average height at time of transplantation of the matsutake-infected pine seedlings that bore surviving mycelia after transplantation was 25 cm (minimum 12 cm to maximum 40 cm). In conclusion, the matsutake mycelium of matsutake-infected pine seedlings was able to survive in field conditions if the height of the seedling at the time of T. matsutake infection was at least 12 cm. These results suggest that the height of the host plants used in conventional matsutake-infected pine seedling production should be greatly reduced to improve the matsutake cultivation. Therefore, standardization of the seedling height for artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms by the matsutake-infected pine seedling method is suggested.