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전기주석도금 반응에 미치는 PSA계 도금용액 노화의 영향
배대철,김태엽,조준형,이재륭,장삼규,조경목,Bae Dae Chul,Kim Tae Yeob,Cho Joon Hyung,Lee Jae Ryung,Chang Sam Kyu,Cho Kyung-mox 한국전기화학회 2000 한국전기화학회지 Vol.3 No.3
전기주석도금용 PSA(Phenolsulfonic Acid Bath)계 전기주석 도금액은 장기간 사용하면 노화되어 도금 전류밀도 범위 축소 및 표면특성 열화현상이 일어나게 된다. 본 연구에서는 도금액 노화 현상의 원인을 축적된 phenolsulfonate농도 증가의 관점에서 조사하였다. 동전위와 정전위 분극실험 결과에서는, phenolsulfonate축적농도 증가에 따른 도금액의 노화 정도가 증가함에 따라 음극분극 초기에 나타나는 한계전류밀도가 점차 낮아지는 현상이 나타났다. Sodium phenolsulfonate를 첨가하여 phenolsulfonate끼 농도만을 조절한 도금액에서도 노화된 도금액과 거의 비슷한 분극 특성이 나타남으로써 도금액 노화의 원인이 축적된 phenolsulfonate임을 간접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 도금액의 온도가 증가할수록 한계전류밀도가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않고 도금액 노화에 따른 영향이 적어져서 도금액의 노화는 물질이동과 같은 thermally-activated process의 제약에 의한 것이며, phenolsulfonate가 축적되면서 주석 이온의 mobility를 감소시키고, 따라서 정상적인 도금 반응이 억제되는 것으로 판단된다. The influence of phenolsulfunate concentrations on electroplating characteristics and electrochemical behaviors was investigated with a viewpoint of electrolyte aging using the circulation cell and potentiostate And comparison of tinplate coating appearance such as glossiness and Image clarify has been also studied with varying of phenolsulfonic acid (PSA) solutions. As the aging of electrolyte proceeded, the limiting current density was moved to a lower current density region by the limitation of mass transfer, and higher phenolsulfunate concentrations resulted in the narrower optimum current density range and deterioration of coating surface of tinplates. The difference of the limiting current density was not remarkable with increasing electrolyte temperature. Thus the electrolyte aging was attributed to the limitation of thermally-activated process such as mass transfer of reducible ions. It has also been considered that the accumulation of phenolsulfonate suppressed normal electrotinning reaction by reducing the mobility of stannous ions, taking into account of the smaller effect of electrolyte aging. Experiments showed similar polarization behavior between the electrolyte of high phenolsufonate solution and the aged one, which comes to conclude that the accumulation of phenolsulfonate is one of the major causes of electrolyte aging.
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스핀-궤도 상호작용을 고려한 Si 불순물이 BCC Fe의 자성에 미치는 영향에 대한 제일원리연구
Gul Rahman,김인기(In Gee Kim),장삼규(Sam Kyu Chang) 한국자기학회 2008 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.18 No.6
The effects of Si impurity on electronic structures and magnetism of bcc Fe are investigated by using a first-principles method by considering spin-orbit coupling. In order to describe the Si impurity, a 27 atomic bcc Fe supercell has been considered. The Kohn-Sham equation was solved in terms of the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The effects of spin-orbit coupling were calculated self-consistently by considering spindiagonal terms based on second variation method. For the ferromagnetic (FM) state without considering SOC, the spin magnetic moment of the Si impurity was calculated to be ?0.143 μ<SUB>B</SUB>, while the magnetic moments of Fe atoms were calculated to be 2.214 μ<SUB>B</SUB>, 2.327 μ<SUB>B</SUB>, and 2.354 μ<SUB>B</SUB> in away from the Si atom, respectively. However, the FM state with considering SOC, the spin magnetic moment of the Si impurity was calculated to be ?0.144 μ<SUB>B</SUB>, which is not affected significantly by SOC, but the spin magnetic moments of Fe atoms were calculated 2.189 μ<SUB>B</SUB>, 2.310 μ<SUB>B</SUB>, and 2.325 μ<SUB>B</SUB>, respectively, which are much reduced value compared to those of the FM state without SOC. Comparing the total charge density and spin density, those features are thought to be originated by the screening distortions of the Fe t<SUB>2g</SUB> orbital, which can be obtained by considering SOC.
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박용범,장삼규 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1995 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.33 No.2
Phosphorus as a strenthening element has been added in extra low carbon steels and proved to be quite effective. The investigation of its role in recrystatllization in the titanium stabilized extra low carbon steel is the main purpose in the present work. The addition of phosphorus in the titanium stabilized steel exhibited the serious retardation of recrystallization and the development of the strong {111} <uvw> recrystallization texture even after annealing at 900℃ while the phosphorus free titanium steel revealed the distantlement of the {111} <uvw> texture after 800℃. Phosphorus was then found to be a fairly effective element to inhibit originally the movement of dislocations during recovery and thus retard the formation of the subgrains leading to the development of the recrystallized grains.
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P 첨가 극저탄소강판의 네킹에 미치는 중심편석대의 영향
정우창,김성주,백승철,장삼규,김기주 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1997 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.35 No.1
The influence of centerline segregation on the necking behaviour was examined. P added extra low carbon steel sheet contained centerline segregation zones, which were made in the continuous casting process and elongated in the rolling process. The centerline segregation zone was in high concentration of solution so that the deformation behaviour of centerline segregation was different from that of matrix. The difference of deformation made surface rough and accelerated necking. The necking occurred parallel to the rolling direction because of the centerline segregation zone when the P added extra low carbon steel sheets were stretched axisymmetrically.
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연속소둔 저탄소강의 미세조직과 r 값에 미치는 Mn 및 열연귄취온도의 영향
조경목,정진환,곽재현,장삼규 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1996 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.34 No.12
Systematic microstructure control of low carbon steels processed by the continuous annealing could improve formability. In the present study, microstructure evolution including grain size, carbides and MnS(or (Fe, Mn)S) precipitates in hot coiled and annealed low carbon Al killed steel sheets was investigated as the function of Mn content and hot coiling temperature. r￣-value and mechanical properties were measured to check the formability of the steels. Results showed that increased r￣-value revealed for the steel containing low Mn and coiled at high temperature due to the coarsened carbides in hot rolled steel sheets. It was found that the improvement of r￣-value is closely related to the development of high intensity of {222} texture and low intensity of {200} and {110} texture, which were obtained with coarsened carbides during the recrystallization stage. Lowering Mn content might improve the strength of low carbon Al-killed steel as a result of grain refinement by fine Mn-sulfides precipitation. However there exists the lower limit of Mn content of the steels to prevent hot rolled edge cracks and to maintain higher elongation. Optimum Mn content was found about 0.1wt.% for the 0.02wt.%C-0.008wt.%S steels used in this study.
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