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장동식(DongSik Chang) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2008 통상법률 Vol.- No.79
While the Dispute Settlement Mechanism(DSM) of WTO has been referred as “the most individual contribution” of WTO to the stability of the global economy, it does not mean that the DSM has functioned perfectly. In other words, some provisions, whether relating to the procedures or to the substantives, under the WTO's Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Dispute(DSU), are still so ambiguous and opaque that has to be improved and clarified.This paper reviews the characters and problems of WTO's DSU and studies international discussion on the WTO's DSU reform from 1997 to 2007. According to this study, this paper shows that international discussion for the WTO's DSU improvement and clarification is still on the table, and following negotiations is going to start soon. This paper presents that the future negotiations for WTO's DSU improvement and clarification is focused on the following issues ; the WTO's Jurisprudence, the Appellate Body's remand authority, composition of panel, Sequencing, Additional guidance to WTO adjudicative bodies, Transparency, Implementation between DSU Article 21.5 and 22, determination of compliance, monetary compensation, time savings, special and differential treatment on developing countries. In conclusion, this paper provides the review on future negotiations for DSU improvement and clarification. KeywordsWTO, DSM, DSU, reform, improvement and clarification.
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UNFCCC체제에 대한 중국정부의 정책대응과탄소세 제도 도입방향에 관한 연구
왕효 ( Wangxiao ),장동식 ( Dongsik Chang ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2015 法과 政策 Vol.21 No.2
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Regime is considered as international environmental regimes which based on the specific international regimes called UNFCCC adopted by UN in Rio de Janeiro. This Regime is known as creeds that reduce and stabilize the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at the level where the climate system doesn``t receive an artificial interference. It is a specific regime that adopted principles that are “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capability. Chinese government is committed to strengthening the active response according to the establishment of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Regime. Several major environmental administration measures and policy has been created and improved by chinese government. In order to achieve the object of the study, this paper is analyzed the main contents to the change of the UNFCCC Regime. And this paper is presented chinese government``s efforts in accordance with establishment of this UNFCCC regime focusing on the direct and indirect correspondences. Finally, This paper analyzed the direction and the efforts of introducing a carbon tax system as a fundamental countermeasures of Chinese government. And On the basis of this study, this paper predicted the possibility of introducing a carbon tax.
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왕영(Ying Wang),장동식(Dongsik Chang) 한국통상정보학회 2020 통상정보연구 Vol.22 No.4
최근 중앙은행 디지털화폐(CBDC)에 대한 관심이 전세계적으로 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 중국정부는 세계 최초로 중앙은행 디지털화폐 중의 하나인 DCEP(Digital Currency Electronic Payment)의 도입을 추진하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 문헌연구의 검토를 바탕으로 중국 인민은행이 발행하고 있는 DCEP의 특징과 파급효과, 문제점, 향후과제에 대한 연구를 진행했다. DCEP는 분산원장방식과 단일원장방식의 혼합방식 형태로 화폐에 시리얼번호가 부여되어 전자지갑에 저장되는 형태로 만들어졌다. 전자지갑의 기능은 스캔, 송금, 입금, 지불, 그리고 NFC 무선통신시스템이 지원된다. DCEP는 2020년 4월부터 ‘디지털위안화 시범지구’의 형태로 선전 및 북경 등 5곳에서 운영된다. 중국의 DCEP 도입은 중국내의 통화정책과 시중은행에 대해 영향을 미치고, 제3의 결제기구와 국내 및 국제간 지급결제 분야에서도 영향을 미친다. DCEP의 도입에는 새로운 유통환경 조성에 많은 비용과 시간이 들고, 이자지급문제도 존재한다. 그리고 정보기술 분야와 금융관리·감독체계상의 문제점과 법적 체계 미비 등과 같은 문제점도 존재한다. 본고에서는 DCEP의 성공적 도입과 정착을 위한 향후 과제로 제도도입의 투명성 확대와 관련 법체계 완비, 관련 R&D 투자 확대, DCEP에 대한 금융관리감독체제의 전문화가 필요하다고 보았다. 마지막으로 본고에서는 DCEP의 연구개발 및 국제표준 구축을 위한 국제협력체계 구축과 관련 대중홍보의 강화가 필요하다고 보았다. Recently the People s Bank of China is introducing the legal and digital central bank of currency DCEP(Digital Currency Electronic Payment). The background of the DCEP is as follows : Advantages of digital currency and central bank’s monetary policy, Alleviating excessive dominance of the dollar over the Chinese economy, Reinforcing the internationalization of the yuan. China s DCEP is a mixed method of distributed ledger technology and single ledger technology, in which a serial number is assigned to money and stored in an electronic wallet. The electronic wallet has the functions of scanning, remittance, deposit, payment, and NFC wireless communication system. From April 2020, it will be operated in five locations as the form of a “digital yuan demonstration district”. The DCEP has a variety of impacts in the monetary policy of central banks, commercial banks, third-party payment institutions, and domestic and international payments and settlements. It may bring some problems. Firstly, it takes much time and money to create a new distribution environment. Secondly, the issue of how to pay interest exist. In addition, there are problems including the challenges of information technology, the financial management and supervision system, and lack of a legal system. In the future, the Chinese government should gradually and stably institutionalize the DCEP, expand investment in R&D of the DCEP, and establish a professional financial management and supervisory system. Finally, they needs to establish an international cooperation system related to R&D of the DCEP, and strengthen the PR activities related to the DCEP’s issuance and use.
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