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이홍숙(Hong Shu LI),김종칠(Jong Chill KIM) 한국무역상무학회 2016 貿易商務硏究 Vol.69 No.-
An increasing number of transactions in the bilateral trade between Korea and China rely on collection and remittance, resulting in an increase in exporters' demand for trade financing. Therefore, there is a need to vitalize forfaiting transactions using drafts or promissory notes, which are based on the collections. In the forfaiting transactions, exporters transfer a payment claimto forfaiters on a non-recourse basis through a without recourse endorsement. However, forfaiters do not know importers' creditworthiness and ability to repay drafts or promissory notes; thus, they need a bank aval as ameans of credit support. In forfaiting using aval, the drafts or promissory notes are transferred internationally. However, there is no internationally unified law that regulates drafts and promissory notes, and the governing laws related to such drafts and promissory notes do not accept the “principle of party autonomy.” Therefore, there is no other choice but to apply the laws of a certain country, in the event of any dispute relating to such drafts or promissory notes. This paper examined forfaiting using aval from the comparative law perspective, focusing on the “Law of China on Negotiable Instruments.” The results of this study may to provide businesses involved in international trade with practical guidance and assistance when using forfaiting with aval, especially in trade with China.
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중국 국경간 B2C 전자상거래 수입 관련 법률 및 정책에 관한 연구
이홍숙(Hong-Shu LI) 한국무역상무학회 2020 貿易商務硏究 Vol.87 No.-
해외소비자의 해외직구 증가로 해외직판은 한국의 중소기업에게 새로운 수출방식으로 주목받고 있는 가운데 한국의 최대 해외직판 시장인 중국의 해외직구 시장에 대한 공략이 필요하다. 중국의 국경간 B2C 전자상거래 수입은 크게 국경간 전자상거래 소매수입과 해외 직배송 수입으로 구분하며, 양자는 감독관리 정책과 세수 정책을 달리 적용하고 있다. 특히 중국의 국경간 전자상거래 소매수입은 한국의 중소기업에게 중국 해외직구 시장에 진입하는 장벽으로 작용하여 그들의 대중국해외직판 전략의 수립에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 본 논문은 중국 국경간 B2C 전자상거래 수입 관련 법률 및 정책에 대해 연구함으로써 이에 대한 한국 중소기업의 이해도를 높이고 그들에게 중국의 해외직구 시장 공략을 위한 전략을 제시함과 동시에 정부차원의 지원방안을 제시하였다. Overseas direct sales are emerging as a new export avenue for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea. This is being driven by an increase in direct purchases by overseas consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to target China-Korea"s largest overseas direct sales market-to promote exports. As China"s e-commerce market has grown, the country has enacted the "China Electronic Signature Law" to ensure the legal safety of e-commerce. Furthermore, it has enacted the "China E-Commerce Law" to protect the legitimate interests of each e-commerce entity, standardize e-commerce, and maintain market order. China has also announced several policies to promote and standardize the development of cross-border B2C e-commerce. These include policies on import-related supervisory management, taxation, cross-border e-commerce retail import pilot city program, and cross-border e-commerce retail import product lists. Chins" cross-border B2C e-commerce imports are largely divided into cross-border e-commerce retail imports(including imports through bonded online shopping and imports through direct purchasing), and overseas direct delivery imports. Different supervisory management and taxation policies are applied to both types of imports. For cross-border e-commerce retail imports, China"s import patterns and supervisory management policies can act as entry barriers to exports for Korean SMEs and affect establishment of their overseas direct sales strategies for China. Meanwhile, the China E-Commerce Law also applies to cross-border B2Ce-commerce imports in China. Therefore, Korean SMSs to target China"s overseas direct purchase market, it is necessary to first acquire an overall understanding of China"s cross-border B2C e-commerce import laws and policies. This paper aims to study these laws and policies to help Korean SMEs by improving their understanding of these laws and policies. This paper also presents a strategy for targeting China"s overseas direct purchase market. Furthermore, it proposes government-level support measures to support this strategy.
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박광서(Kwang-So PARK),도광호(Kwang-Ho DHO),이홍숙(Hong-Shu LI) 한국무역상무학회 2023 貿易商務硏究 Vol.98 No.-
한국과 튀르키예는 수출입 규모와 순위 면에서 아직은 만족할 만한 수준은 아니지만, 튀르키예는 정치ㆍ경제ㆍ지정학적으로 중요한 국가이고 무역관점에서도 발전 가능성이 많은 국가이다. 본 논문은 튀르키예의 무역 및 통상현황을 살펴봄으로써 한국기업의 對 튀르키예 진출을 확대하려는 바람에서 다음과 같이 3부분으로 살펴보았다. 우선, 튀르키예에 대한 기본 이해를 바탕으로 무역 및 통상현황을 살펴봄으로써 수출시장으로써 튀르키예의 중요성과 우리나라와의 관계를 개괄적으로 살펴본다. 둘째, 한-튀르키예의 인코텀스, 무역결제, 무역운송 등 무역관습 활용현황과 시사점을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 한-튀르키예의 무역 발전을 위한 여러 가지 제언을 담았다. Korea and Turkiye are not yet at a satisfactory level in terms of the scale and ranking of imports and exports, but Turkiye is an important country politically, economically, and geopolitically, and has great potential for development in terms of trade. Therefore, this paper researched to help Korean companies increase their entry into Turkiye by examining the trade status, strategies, and trade customs of Turkiye. As a result of examining trade customswith Turkiye. FOBand CIF aremainly used as contract conditions, and the proportion of letters of credit in terms of payment is relatively high. In addition, since both countries are peninsular countries in terms of transportation, sea transportation is mainly used. Also several suggestions for the development of Korea-Turkiye trade were proposed. First of all, there aremany differences in religion and culture betweenKorea and Turkiye, so they have formed different business practices. Therefore, it is necessary to build trade relationships and trust based on an understanding of the business customs of Turkiye. Next, in order to expand exports to Turkiye, a ‘multi-track strategy’ is needed, such as ①expansion of trade targets from commodity trade to service trade,②participation of an unspecified number of traders, and③increase in contract amount per unit. Lastly, both countries need to actively utilize the FTAthat has been in effect since 2013 by discovering trade products that are competitivewith each other,while strengthening cooperation in the service sector between the two countries by utilizing the FTA Service Investment Agreement that has been in effect since 2018.
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