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이진규 ( Jin Kyoo Lee ) 안암법학회 2013 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.42
Class certification is an unique procedural step for class actions. For a certain class to be certified, the class shoud satisfy all the requirements Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 23 (a) and (d) set. Rule 23(a) calls for numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation. Rule 23(b) devides class actions into three category and demands different requirements according to specific type of class actions. Because of these requirements class certification functions as a gate keeper to filter out lawsuits not suitable for a class action format; and sets grounds for a class action to proceed. In addition, once certified, the class action is more likely to be disposed through settlement due to settlement pressure to the defendnat and other reasons. In Dukes v. Wal-Mart stores, 5-4 decision that denied class certification for a proposed class, the majority opinion established a new standard for a commonality requirement. The new standard substatially considers strength of merits of the claim under the name of ``rigorous analysis``; and focuses significantly on dissimilarities among class members. This case has numerous implications including: 1) the ``dissimilarities approach`` of the majority opinion is doubtful when considering languages of Rule 23(b)(2) and (b)(3); 2) the decision manifests the Robert Court`s strong willingness to regulate frivolous lawsuits using stricter standards; 3) the new standard would practically bar class actions that has ``too big`` classes; 4) the decision undermines case law that had prohibited consideration of merits.
김규식(Kim Kyoo Sik),전주홍(Jeon Ju Hong),이진규(Lee Jin Gew) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1988 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.14 No.1
Pleomorphic adenoma is usually of long duration, and presents as a single nodule that is not fixed to the overlying skin or mucous membrane. It grows slowly and is usually asymptomatic. As the name indicates, pleomorphic adenoma is a tumor with a various microscopic picture. A wide surgical excision of the tumor is the recommended treatment. Pleomorphic adenomas are the most persistent of all benign salivary gland neoplasms with a high recurrence rate of 5% to 30%. Although this tumor does not metastasize, but on rare occasion it will terminate in a malignant behaviors like an adenocarcinoma. Author reviewed 65 patients of pleomorphic adenoma at Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SNUDH during the period from Jan. 1978 to Mar. 1988, and the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of the tumor was highest between the age of 30 and 60, and affected 45 women and 20 men, suggesting the possibility of high incidence in women. 2. The originating sites of tumor in order were hard palate with 21 patients (32.3 %), hard and soft palate with 15 patients (23.1 %), soft palate with 14 patients (22 %), cheek with 8 patients (12.8 %), and 7 patients from other places, (palate: cheek=50:8) 3. Although the size of the tumor was variable, the incidence was highest between 1㎝ and 3㎝ (60.7 %). 4. 6 cases (9.3 %) were CPAs (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) among 65 cases. 5. The duration of the most cases exceeded several months and it seemed most patients would not have consulted the doctor soon after they found it.
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of masticator space infection: report of cases
김규식(Kim Kyoo Sik),민병일(Min Byong Il),이진규(Lee Jin Gew) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1990 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.16 No.4
저작근극은 심경근막의 표재성 층이 분지하여 4개의 저작근-측두근, 교근, 내측 익돌근, 외측 익돌근-과 하악골체의 후방 및 하악지를 둘러싸게 됨으로써 형성되는 부분을 말한다. 여기에는 소성 결합 조직과 지방이 포함되어 있어 치성 감염의 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 저작근극 감염은 하악 대구치-특히 제3대구치-의 감염에 의한 경우가 가장 많다. 그 외에도 하치조 신경의 전달 마취시에 생길 수 있는 감염, 하악골에 대한 외상 등이 저작근극 감염을 일으킬 수 있다. 저작근극 감염의 특징적 증상으로는 아관긴급, 동통 및 종창 등을 들 수 있다. 아관긴급은 대개 교근 및 내측 익돌극에 대한 자극에 의해 발생한다. 전산화 단층촬영 사진은 다음과 같은 상을 보여 주어 저작근극 감염의 정확한 진단 및 처치에 결정적 도움을 줄 수 있다. 1) 단순한 염증 변화의 존재 2) 골수염의 존재 3) 다른 극으로의 다발적 병발 4) 농의 존재 및 위치
배징도(Jing-Do Bae),조진래(Jin-Rae Cho),이홍우(Hong-Woo Lee),송정인(Jung-In Song),이진규(Jin-Kyoo Lee) 대한기계학회 2004 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2004 No.4
In-arm type hydropeumatic suspension unit(ISU) is an equipment of armed tracked vehicle to absorb impact load and vibration from the irregular ground. During the operation of ISU, main piston moves forward and backward and oil flowing through damper transmits the external impact load to floating piston. Heat is generated in ISU by the oil pressure drop through the damper orifice and the friction between cylinder wall and two pistons. On the other hand, internal heat dissipatis outside via heat convection. Occurrence of high temperature can deteriorate durability of major components and basic function of ISU. And, it can cause fatal problem in the ISU life time and the sealing performance of piston rings. As well, the spring constant change of nitrogen gas that is caused by the temperature rise exerts the negative effect to the vehicle stability. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the heat transfer analysis of the entire ISU unit, by finite element method, with the outside flow velocities 8㎧ and 10㎧.