Butachlor의 수서생물에 대한 위해성평가

박연기(Yeon-Ki Park),배철한(Chul-Han Bae),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),이제봉(Jea-Bong Lee),유아선(Are-Sun You),홍순성(Soon-Sung Hong),박경훈(Kyung-Hoon Park),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),홍무기(Moo-Ki Hong),이규승(Kyu-Seung Lee),이정호(Jung-Ho Le 한국농약과학회 2009 농약과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

To assess the effect of butachlor on freshwater aquatic organisms, acute toxicity studies for algae, invertebrate and fishes were conducted. The algae grow inhibition studies were carried out to determine the growth inhibition effects of butachlor (Tech. 93.4%) in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly knows as Selenastrum capriconutum), Desmodesmus subspicatus (formerly known as Scendusmus subspicatus), and Chlorella vulgaris during the exposure period of 72 hours. The toxicological responses of P. subcapitata, D. subspicatus, and C. vulgaris to butachlor, expressed in individual ErC?? values were 0.002, 0.019, and 10.49 ㎎ ℓ?¹, respectively and NOEC values were 0.0008, 0.0016, and 5.34 ㎎ ℓ?¹, respectively. P. subcapitata was more sensitive than any other algae species. Butachlor has very high toxicity to the algae, such as P. subcapitata and D. subspicatu. In the acute immobilisation test for Daphnia magna, the 24 and 48h-EC?? values were 2.55 and 1.50 ㎎ ℓ?¹, respectively. As the results of the acute toxicity test on Cyprinus carpio, Oryzias latipes and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, the 96h-LC??s were 0.62, 0.41 and 0.24 ㎎ ℓ?¹, respectively. The following ecological risk assessment of butachlor was performed on the basis of the toxicological data of algae, invertebrate and fish and exposure concentrations in rice paddy, drain and river. When a butachlor formulation is applied in rice paddy field according to label recommendation, the measured concentration of butachlor in paddy water was 0.41 ㎎ ℓ?¹ and the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of butachlor in drain water was 0.03 ㎎ ℓ?¹. Residues of butachlor detected in major rivers between 1997 and 1998 were ranged from 0.0004 ㎎ ℓ?¹ to 0.0029 ㎎ ℓ?¹. Toxicity exposure ratios (TERs) of algae in rice paddy, drain and river were 0.004, 0.05 and 0.36, respectively and indicated that butachlor has a risk to algae in rice paddy, drain and river. On the other hand, TERs of invertebrate in rice paddy, drain and river were 3.6, 50 and 357, respectively, well above 2, indicating no risk to invertebrate. TERs of fish in rice paddy, drain and river were 0.58, 8 and 57, respectively. The TERs for fish indicated that butachlor poses a risk to fish in rice paddy but has no risk to fish in agricultural drain and river. In conclusion, butachlor has a minimal risk to algae in agricultural drain and river exposed from rice drainage but has no risk to invertebrate and fish.

Butachlor의 4종 담수조류(freshwater algae)에 대한 생장영향

박연기(Yeon-Ki Park),배철한(Chul-Han Bae),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박경훈(Kyung-Hoon Park),이제봉(Jea-Bong Lee),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),홍순성(Soon-Sung Hong),조경원(Kyung-Won Cho),이규승(Kyu-Seung Lee),이정호(Jung-Ho Lee) 한국농약과학회 2008 농약과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Algae are vital in the primary production of the aquatic ecosystem, having been considered as good indicators of the bioactivity of pesticides. Algae have short life cycle, respond quickly to environmental change and their diversity and density can indicate the quality of their habitat. The purpose of the study was to determine the growth inhibition effects of butachlor (Tech. 93.4%) and K₂Cr₂O? (Tech. 99.5%) in Selenastrum capriconutum, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nitzschia palea during and exposure period of 72 hours. The toxicological responses of S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea to butachlor, expressed in individual ErC?? values were 0.0022, 0.019, 8.67 and 4.94 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. NOEC values were 0.0008, 0.0016, 5.34 and 2.92 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. S. capriconutum was more sensitive than the other algae species. The toxicological responses of S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea to K₂Cr₂O? expressed as ErC?? values were 0.91, 0.78, 0.85 and 0.57 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. NOEC values were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.18 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. Growth inhibition of S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea from PEC of butachlor were 100, 75, 0 and 0%, respectively.

벼 재배지의 항공 방제시 비표적 생물에 대한 안전거리

박연기(Yeon-Ki Park),진용덕(Yeoung-Duck Jin),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),이제봉(Jea-Bong Lee),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),배철한(Chung-Han Bae),이규승(Kyu-Seung Lee) 한국농약과학회 2007 농약과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The study was carried out to establish buffer zone for the protection of the non-target organisms by aerial pesticide application. The two pesticide combination of 3-way tank-mixing of three pesticides for aerial application, ferimzone?tricyclazole SC + BPMC EC + validamycin-A SL and hexaconzole EC + isoprothiolane EC+phenthoate EC were selected for the simultaneous control of key pests on paddy rice as blast, sheath blight, brown planthopper and moth. Aquatic organisms including killifish and loach in the paddy field and nearby water reservoirs were not affected by aerial application of the pesticides. However, all the water flea were killed, when they were exposed 10 m from the aerially sprayed site, while the water flea exposed in 30 m away from the site were not affected. Honeybees within 50 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite wind direction showed a mortality of 7~100%. Residues concentration of the pesticides in paddy water were not detectable level after six days from aerial application. Drifting distance of aerially sprayed droplet from the target area was within 30 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite direction. Consequently, it was the buffer zones in the aerial pesticides application for the protection of the non-target organisms should be at least 50 m for aquatic organisms and 100 m for honeybees.

뷰타클로르의 송사리에 대한 독성시험

박연기(Yeon-Ki Park),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),신진섭(Jin-Sup Shin),배철한(Chul-Han Bae),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),이제봉(Jea-Bong Lee),홍순성(Soon-Sung Hong),조경원(Kyung-Won Cho),이규승(Kyu-Seung Lee) 한국농약과학회 2007 농약과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

In order to evaluate the toxic effects of butachlor, a herbicide widely used for control of weeds in paddy field, on medaka (Oryzias latipes), acute toxicity tests for five developmental stages and early life stage toxicity test of were conducted. As the results of acute toxicity test, 96h-LC<SUB>50</SUB>s for 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 2 months and 5 months after hatching of O. latipes were 0.68, 0.52, 0.38, 1.09 and 0.45 mg L?¹, respectively. This indicated that the most sensitive stage was 2 weeks after hatching. The early life stage toxicity test showed that no statistically significant hatching period and hatching success of embryo was observed at all concentrations of butaclor. However, 0.05 and 0.1 mg L?¹ of butachlor showed statistically significant post hatching survival with p<0.1. Abnormalities of larva were 2.1, 2.3 and 10% at 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg L?¹ of concentration, respectively. They showed abnormal vertebral axis, craniofacial alteration and retarded yolk-sac resorption. The total length and weight were decreased depending on butachlor concentration the end of test. Weight of larva was showed more sensitive toxic indicator than total length. The toxicological responses of O. latipes to butachlor expressed as LOEC(lowest observed effect concentration), NOEC(no observed effect concentration) and MATC(maximum acceptable toxicant concentration) values were 0.025, 0.013 and 0.018 mg L?¹, respectively.

5종 농약에 대한 4종 담수조류(freshwater algae)의 감수성 비교

박연기(Yeon-Ki Park),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),배칠한(Chul-Han Bae),김연식(Yeon-Sik Kim),박경훈(Kyung-Hoon Park),이제봉(Jea-Bong Lee),신진섭(Soon-Sung Hong),홍순성(Jin-Sup Shin),이규승(Kyu-Seung Lee),이정준(Jung-Joon Lee) 한국농약과학회 2008 농약과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of isoprothiolane, diazinon, butachlor, dimethametryn and molinate in Selenastrum capriconutum, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nitzschia palea during an exposure period or 72 hours. The study was carried out in according with the GECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No 201 Alga, Growth Inhibition Test. The toxicological responses of isoprothiolane to S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea expressed as in individual ErC?? (Median Effective Concentration by growth rate) value, were 5.87, 9.91, 18.55 and 38.79 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. Diazinone to S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea expressed as in individual ErC?? value, were 10.31, 11.44, >32 and 14.32 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. Butachlor to S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea expressed as in individual ErC?? value, were 0.002, 0.019, 8.67 and 4.94 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. Dimethametryn to S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea expressed as in individual EC?? value, were 0.0071, 0.011, 0.0065 and 0.009 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. Molinate to S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea expressed as in individual ErC?? value, were 0.44, 1.26, 48.84 and 28.52 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. The sensitivities of five pesticides were different depending on freshwater alga in the order of S. capriconutum > S. subspicatus > C. vulgaris, N. palea. Highly significant correlation (r=0.9677) based on ErC??s were found between S. capriconutum and S. subspicatus.