심포지움 " 환경복원의 기술 및 동향 " / 일반발표논문 / : 농경지와 갯벌의 오염정화능력 평가 ( 1 ) - 토양효소 활성비교를 통하여 -

이복자,최강원 한국환경농학회 1999 1999년도 정기총회 및 제30차 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

호텔 PR의 이론과 실제에 관한 연구

이복자 부산여자대학 1992 釜山女子專門大學 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

이상에서 호텔 PR 에 관한 이론적 근거와 체계를 정립하고 호텔의 각 ‘공중’별 특성에 적합한 PR 활용방안올 제시해 보았다. 이러한 활용방안이 보다 효과적으로 실시되기위하여 목표공중의 관점에서 호이상에서 호텔 PR 에 관한 이론적 근거와 체계를 정립하고 호텔의 각 ‘공중’ 별 특성에 적합한 PR 호텔과 호텔상품의 현 위치를 검토하고 경쟁호텔과 대비해서 기업과 상품에 대해 요구되는 바람직한 위치를 정의하고 경기변동, 계절적 변동 및 여론에 역행하는 위험성의 관점에서 균형을 이룬 제품 protfolio 의 개발을 요구하며, PR 활동 위한 전략개발과 계획된 행위의 이행과 그 결과, 주요 공중에 미치는 결과를 평가해야 하고 이를 바탕으로 PR 실행계획을 개선해 나아가야 한다 . 호텔에 있어 PR 활동은상품PR이나호텔광고동과갇이 단편적이고부분척으로만구샤되어 왔으며 경영자의 접근태도도 진지하지 못했었다. 그러나 외부환경이 급변하고 호탤에 대한 사회적 요구도 급증하는 현실에 처한 호탤로서는 存立을 보장받기 위해서라도 PR 의 개념을 바꾸고 수용할 수밖에 없으며, 나아가 그러한 관점에서 호탤 PR을 재조명하지 않을 수 없다. 따라서 호텔은 조직의 상하를 막론하고 PR的사고가 정착되어야 하고, 호텔 PR은 상대하는 공중의 측면에서나, 의사소통체계상의 역활에서나, 구체적인 활동영역애서나 그 범위가 확대되어야 하며, 실질적언 PR 활동과 그 성과를 보장할 수 있도록 PR조직의 개편이 이루어져야 한다.

우리나라 중저가호텔의 개발에 관한 모색

이복자 釜山女子專門大學 2001 釜山女子專門大學 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The main purpose of this study is to establish a concept of budget hotel as document investigation and case study of with in and outside the country. Currently in Korea there is no concept of budget hotel as they exist in other countries. To develop this concept that is appropriate for Korea's circumstances due diligence using the concept and growth of foreign budget hotel as examples was carried out in an effort for it to be present as a blueprint for the domestic market. Moreover, the concept of budget hotel would not only resolve the current problem of the korean hotel industry being concentrated around large luxury hotels, but it would 머so satisfy the diverse demands of overseas and domestic tourists' and it would also link up with the plans to expand the number of beds/accommodations currently available. The price of the budget hotel would be moderate with level of service equivalent to that of intemational standard and business suites available. It is our opinion that now is the opportune time for this concept to be developed. The research carried out in the USA, the UK, France and Japan has revealed that the development of budget hotel emerged as a result of economic downturn. Furthermore, we know that Virgin Hotel was first introduced as small scale budget hotel from which developed into the economic hotel. Moreover, in developing the budget hotel brand it is necessary standardise the management system throughout its branches and utilise appropriate clienteles in marketing strategy, establish management strategy, which would lead to higher occupancy rate compared to the luxury hotels and earnings would also be higher. The concept budget hotel in others countries have been explored with I mind for it to be developed for the domestic market. I hope that the next study would keep high study as theoretical study and some more as statistical analysis by budget hotels operators and customers for making a concept of new budget hotel development.

2002년도 부산지역 관광호텔 객실 수급에 관한 소고

이복자 부산여자대학 1994 釜山女子專門大學 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

At year 2002 there wi1l be the 14th Asain Garnes in Pusan. To have a successful openig for the Asian Garnes, we wi1l need to build more lodging facillites for the players, officers, news reporters, and tourists The city of Pusan is planing to have 8000 guest rooms by the year 2002. Even though the idea is g∞d, it is not a realistic go떠 Since there are only 4600 guest rooms and 1401 more guest rooms being built to be completed by year 1997. Then there would be 6001 guest rooms in total. Therefore it is not realistic to build 1999 more guest rooms in five years. Even if we do build the lodging facilities, it will have finantial problems after the Asian Games are over. In conclusion, to avoid these problems we should concentrate on improving the lodging facilities that a1ready exist. Also we could make special transportation units during the period of the Asian Games, to use the lodging facilities in Masan, Ulsan, and Kyungju.

초급 외국인 학습자와 계승어 학습자의 상호작용 비교 연구 -형태 초점 양상을 중심으로-

이복자 국제한국어교육학회 2018 한국어 교육 Vol.29 No.3

Bok Ja Lee. 2018. A Comparative Study on Differences in Interaction between Beginning Foreign Learners and Heritage Learners: Focused on Form. Journal of Korean Language Education 29-3: 197-225. The purpose of this study is to compare the difference in the interactions between beginning language learners and heritage learners on their forms based on the interaction hypothesis. In this study, three types of information gap activities were used to analyze Language Related Episodes (LREs) while investigating the interaction patterns in language use between four pairs (eight learners) of foreign learners and four pairs (eight learners) of English-speaking heritage learners. The result indicated that foreign learners had a high focus on form during interaction. In particular, they had a tendency to focus on vocabulary rather than grammar, and they conducted self-repair by examining and mostly adjusting their speech to postposition and tense. However, in the problem-solving process, they showed a limited ability in interaction, and thus directly asked others to settle the problem or resorted to using English due to their lack of ability to employ various communication strategies. However, heritage learners had a relatively low focus on form compared to foreign learners. Yet, they also focused more on vocabulary rather than grammar and conducted self-repair in interaction, especially for vocabulary. In addition, they were skillful at using various communication strategies such as indirect expressions, use of alternative words, evasion, and delaying, to expand speech and prevent communication breakdown. They focused less on grammar and mostly did not provide negative feedback in interaction. (Yonsei University)

말하기 · 듣기 교육의 교육현장의 문제점과 해결 방안

이복자 국어교과교육학회 2002 국어교과교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

우리나라 중소형 관광호텔의 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

이복자 부산여자대학 1997 釜山女子專門大學 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

In this study, the management situations of the small and medium type tourist hotels are analyzed to activate the business of those hotels. The result showed that the financial structure was in unstable state due to the slowdown of sales in hotel rooms and other facilities which resulted in low profit. Therefore the small and medium type tourist hotels need a management strategy that pursue both the increase of sales and cost down in order to increase their profits. As for the systematic issues that the aggravated management, the grading systems the taxations and the management restrictions should be lightened. Also the government support for the small and medium hotels is urgent. Regarding that the 80% of the hotels in Korea are small and medium sized hotels, the bankruptcy or closing of the hotels, or changing them into general hotels may cause a setback in the preparation ofthe large scale international events in the year of 2002. So, a managing mind that could realize the cost reduction, reconsidering profitable management and the improvement of services should be seriously considered.

호텔종사원의 유니폼 실태에 관한 조사연구 : 부산지역을 중심으로

이복자 부산여자대학 1986 釜山女子專門大學 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

本 硏究에서 관광호텔 종사원의 유니폼에 관한 일반적인 理論과 會社側 및 종사원측의 유니폼에 관한 실태를 중점적으로 검토하고 그 문제점 및 개선방안을 모색하여 보았다. 특히 종사원측 설문조사 결과 현재 착용하고 있는 유니폼에 대하여 만족하고 있지 않는 것을 알았다. 이러한 현 시점에서 종사원들에게 수준 높은 접객서어비스를 기대하기는 어려울 것이다. 유니폼의 착용은 호텔경영적인 측면에서는 종사원 사기진작의 수단이라든가 귀속의식, 일체감 등 기업내의 어떤 모터베이션(motivation)의 수단으로서도 필요한 것이고 호텔 마아케팅적 입장에서는 일종의 커뮤니케이션의 수단 즉, PR 효과의 수단으로 볼 수가 있다. 따라서 유니폼에 대한 會社測의 적극적인 지원과 자체적인 교육을 통하여 종사원 유니폼의 質을 向上시킴으로서 고객의 유치와 서어비스의 質을 높일 수 있고 나아가서는 호텔의 이미지업(image up)을 꾀할 수 있을 것이다.

부산지역 중소형 관광호텔의 객실영업실태 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

이복자 부산여자대학 1999 釜山女子專門大學 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Since the year 1997. the business of grand hotels has been enjoying prosperity. On the dther hand. that of the small & medium sized hotels has been declined. The reasons may be many; but I am going to analyze the reason in the view of the hotel room business which is the main income source of the small & medium type tourist hotels I researched it on - 1) Hardware aspects 2) Software aspects. and 3) Humanware aspects and a result. I found that the old and decrepit hotel facilitics. the lack of management nind of the hotel owner’s. Problems in hotel room sales. and the lack of human service were the biggest hinderance of hotel management. In this study. I'd like to emphasize the re-investment on hotel facilities. the change of human service attitude. and the promotion of hotel room sales. Finally. I insist that the future of the small & medium tourist depends on the owner' s will of self-existence and his business mind that suits the concept of small & medium tourist hotels.

중급 한국어 학습자의 대화 상호작용 능력평가 기준 개발 연구

이복자 한국언어문화교육학회 2022 언어와 문화 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study is to present detailed assessment criteria according to the interactional competence constructs of intermediate Korean language learners based on the analysis of their conversational data. To conduct this research, topic management, listener response, and turn-taking were selected as the constructs for interactional competence and the differences in conversational interactions were analyzed. The results of this study demonstrated that the learners with high interactional competence formed the structure of the conversation and were capable of discussing at great depths not only topics that they themselves raised, but also those that the interlocutor raised. They also displayed the capacity to shift conversation topics progressively based on the interlocutor's previous utterance. In addition, they used various strategies to confirm understanding, and they achieved successful turn-taking by intervening at appropriate moments to complete the ideas presented by the interlocutor. On the other hand, the speech of Korean language learners with low interactional competence did not have a distinct structural composition. They were only capable of discussing content relevant to topics they raised themselves and shifted the conversation to topics unrelated to the interlocutor's previous utterance. In addition, limited strategies were used to confirm understanding, and they interrupted the flow of the conversation by making comments that did not align with the intentions of the interlocutor. Based on these results, this study presents detailed evaluation criteria for the interactional competence of intermediate Korean language learners in three stages. These criteria can be used as objective assessment indicators in the field of education. .