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이강연 ( Kang Yun Lee ),한창규 ( Chang Giu Han ),조춘구 ( Choon Koo Zhoh ) 대한화장품학회 1999 대한화장품학회지 Vol.25 No.3
기능성 물질로서 다양한 생리적 기능을 가진 ascorbic acid는 구조적으로 불안정하여 쉽게 산화되는데 이러한 ascorbic acid의 산화를 억제하기 위해 리포좀에 순수한 ascorbic acid를 봉입시켜 안정한 리포좀을 제조하였다. 안정한 리포좀의 제조를 위해 cholesterol이나 β-sitosterol이 리포좀의 안정화에 미치는 영향을 측정하였으며 ascorbic acid의 산화방지를 위해 항산화제로 butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)와 α-glycosyl rutin, natural concentrated tocopherol을 사용하였다. 리포좀 제조시 cholesterol이나 β-sitosterol을 사용한 경우 ascorbic acid의 산화가 감소하였는데 이는 cholesterol이나 β-sitosterol이 리포좀의 이중막을 강화하여 봉입한 ascorbic acid의 방출을 감소시켜 산화를 방지하는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 cholesterol의 농도가 0.3%인 경우 가장 안정한 리포좀이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 사용된 항산화제는 ascorbic acid에 대하여 모두 산화억 제효과를 나타내었으며 tertiary butylhydroquinone, α-glycosyl rutin, butylated hydroxytoluene, natural concentrated tocopherol 순으로 우수함을 보였다. 그러나 제약 및 화장품에 사용되는 ascorbic acid의 산화억제에는 효과가 가장 좋은 합성 항산화제인 tertiary butylhydroquinone보다 천연물질에서 추출한 항산화제인 a-glycosyl rutin이 더 적합할 것으로 생각된다. Ascorbic acid which has various physiological benefits as the functional substance is easily oxidized and destroyed by the structural instability. Liposome encapsulated pure ascorbic acid was prepared for the sake of the constraint of oxidation. The influence of cholestrol or β-sitosterol on the stabilization of liposome was investigated. Butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), α-glycosyl rutin and natural concentrated tocopherol were used for constraint of oxidation of ascorbic acid. The presence of cholesterol or -sitosterol decreased oxidation of ascorbic acid. That results were thought that cholesterol or β-sitosterol so increased rigidity of bilayer that the leakage of vitamin C decreased. As a result, the oxidation and degradation of vitamin C were constrained. At 0.3w/w% cholesterol content the most stable liposome was formulated. The whole antioxidant that used at the research constrained oxidation of ascorbic acid. The antioxidation for ascorbic acid increased in order of tertiary butylhydroquinone, α-glycosyl rutin, butylated hydroxytoluene and natural concentrated tocopherol. But α-glycosyl rutin is preferable to tertiary butylhydroquinone which was the most effective in antioxidation as the antioxidant of ascorbic acid which was utilized in cosmetics and pharmacy.
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250kW급 마이크로수력발전시스템의 설계 방법 및 성능분석
심윤성(Yun-Seong Sim),박주훈(Ju-Hoon Park),최영철(Young-Chul Choi),이강연(Kang-Yeon Lee),정병호(Byeong-Ho Jeong) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2021 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.35 No.6
The advantages of micro-hydropower system is eco-friendly compared to conventional power generation, low installation cost, cost of maintenance at 3.6[%] of the total investment cost, short construction period, and extremely low pollutant discharge elimination. However, the disadvantage is that the installation site is sparse because the initial investment cost is higher than other efficient power generation facilities and the location of system is limited. Following this trend, The research on the design of 250kW micro-hydropower system and the corresponding performance analysis was carried out in this paper. And analysis of the performance micro-hydropower system was performed. Proposed design method applied to micro-hydropower system installed in the water purification plant of the metropolitan city. Performance evaluation of the demonstration system verified with system simulation and analyzed operation characteristics for improve system performance. It is also intended to contribute to the expansion and supply of micro-hydropower system by identifying hydroelectric and dynamic performance characteristics and providing power generation data by realizing the power relationship and overall efficiency according to effective head and flow rates through empirical experiments.
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감시림프절 전이 양성인 유방암 환자에서 비감시림프절 전이 예측인자 및 예측체계의 비교 분석
박재영(Jae Young Park),박근명(Keun Myoung Park),박정미(Jeong Mi Park),이강연(Kang Yeun Lee),문연희(Youn Hee Moon),김세중(Sei Joong Kim),김준미(Joon Mee Kim),조영업(Young Up Cho),김장용(Jang Yong Kim),최윤미(Yun-Mee Choe),최선근(Sun K 대한외과학회 2010 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.79 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in breast cancer and to evaluate the usefulness of the scoring systems and nomograms. Methods: In this analysis, we reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 70 patients who had undergone sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection. The clinical features of patients, histologic parameters and hormonal receptor status of primary tumor and histopathologic features of SLN metastasis were noted retrospectively. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the discriminative power of the scoring systems and nomograms. Results: The metastatic tumor size in SLN (P<0.001), extracapsular invasion (P=0.002), percentage of positive SLNs among the removed SLNs (P=0.011), primary tumor size (P=0.038) were associated significantly with NSLN metastasis, statistically, in univariate analysis. Based on multivariate logistic regression, the metastatic tumor size was the only prognostic factor of NSLN metastasis (P=0.012). The AUC of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center scoring system was greater than other systems, significantly (P=0.004). Conclusion: We have shown in this study that it would be possible to predict NSLN status based on the metastatic tumor size in SLN. Although the significance was not achieved in multivariate analysis, the size of primary tumor, extracapsular invasion of metastasis in SLN, percentage of positive SLNs among the removed SLNs had the potential to be a predictive factor of NSLN metastasis. MSKCC scoring system appears to be more effective and accurate than other scoring systems for selecting patients for whom axillary lymph node dissection can be avoided.
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