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윤창민,장정식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Various alkaline earth metal-doped hollow silica/titania particles (EMHST)are successfully fabricated via sol-gel method followed by sonication- mediated etching and re-deposition (SMER) method to study the effect of metal doping on electrorheological (ER) performance. Particularly, three kinds of alkaline earth metal hydroxides are used to synthesize alkaline earth metal (Ca, Sr, Ba)-doped hollow silica/titania particles. Noticeably, this simple etching method successfully increases both anti-sedimentation and dielectric property of ER fluids in one-step process. In particular, the EM-HST-based ER fluids exhibits higher shear stress compared to the non-metal doped hollow silica/titania- and non-hollow silica/titania-based ER fluids. This experiment suggests a simple method to increase the ER performance by facile etching method.
바울의 텐트메이커 사역의 암시적인 이유가 주는 목회적 교훈
윤창민 한국복음주의신약학회 2024 신약연구 Vol.23 No.2
바울은 자신에게 가르침을 받는 자들에게 사례비를 받지 않고 텐트 메이커로서 자비량 사역을 했다. 그 이유에 대해 바울은 서신에서직접적으로 밝히는데 첫째는 거저 받은 복음을 거저 준다는 선교 원칙(롬 1:14), 둘째는 복음을 듣는 자들에게 경제적인 부담을 주지 않기 위함(고전 9:12; 고후 11:9; 12:13-14, 16; 살전 2:9; 살후 3:8), 셋째는 심판 날 상을 받기 위해서였다(고전 9:18). 이 외에도 그가 직접적으로 언급하지는 않았지만 사도행전과 바울서신을 분석해 보면 그가 텐트 메이커로 살았던 이유들이 암시적으로 드러난다. 첫째, 복음을 가감 없이 전하기 위함이었다. 그는 재정적인 독립을 유지함으로써 자신이 전하는 메시지가 경제적 지원을하는 자들에 의해 수위가 조절되는 것을 막고자 사례비를 받지 않는원칙을 계속 고수했다(행 20:20, 27; 고후 2:17; 살전 2:4-5). 둘째, 복음에 대한 자신의 진정성을 보여주기 위함이었다. 복음을 위해 강도 높은 노동을 지속적으로 감당해내는 것 자체가 자신의 진정성을보여 주는 최고의 방법이라 바울은 생각했던 것이다(행 20:33-35; 고전 4:10-12; 고후 6:3-5; 11:23, 27; 12:10). ‘거침없는 복음 전파, 고된노동을 감당하는 모습’을 지켜보는 잠재적 개종자들과 성도들은 바울에게 영적 카리스마를 느꼈을 것이 분명하다. 셋째, 복음을 전하기에 작업장은 최적의 장소였기 때문이다. 바울은 하루 종일을 작업장에서 보내야 했기에(행 18:3; 19:12; 20:33-34; 살전 2:9; 살후 3:8) 오랜 시간 동안 일대일 혹은 일대 소수와 작업장에서 대화 할 수 있었다. 이 세 가지 암시적인 이유는 결국 자신의 복음을 듣는 자들을위한 목회적인 목적 때문이었으며 이는 바울이 ‘교회 개척 목회자’(church planting pastor)였다는 사실과 함께(롬 15:20; 고전 1:17; 3:6-7, 10-12; 고후 10:15-16) 오늘날 목회자들에게 목회적인 교훈을제공해 준다. Paul did not receive any payment from those whom he taught, but instead worked as a tent maker. Paul directly explains the reason for this in his letters: first, the missionary principle of giving freely the gospel that was received for free (Rom 1:14), second, not to place a financial burden on those who hear the gospel(1Co 9:12; 2Co 11:9; 12:13-14, 16; 1Th 2:9; 2Th 3:8), and third, to receive a reward on the day of judgment (1Co 9:18). Although Paul did not mention it directly, analysis of Acts and paul epistles reveals implicit reasons why he lived as a tent maker. First, it was to preach the gospel without adding or subtracting. By maintaining his financial independence, he continued to adhere to the principle of not accepting fees to prevent his message from being manipulated by those who financially support him (Act 20:20, 27; 2Co 2:17; 1Th 2:4-5). Second, it was to show his sincerity about the gospel. Paul thought that continuing to endure intense labor for the sake of the gospel was the best way to show one's sincerity(1Co 4:10-12; 2Co 6:3-5; 11:23, 27; 12:10). It is clear that potential converts and believers who watched him ‘preach the gospel without hesitation and endure hard labor’, felt spiritual charisma in Paul. Third, the workplace was the best place to preach the gospel. Because Paul had to spend in his workshop all day(Act 18:3; 19:12; 20:32, 34; 1Th 2:9; 2Th 3:8), he was able to converse one-on-one or in small groups in the workshop for long periods of time. These three implicit reasons were ultimately for pastoral purposes for those who heard his gospel, along with the fact that Paul was a ‘church planting pastor’(Rom 15:20; 1Co 1:17; 3:6-7, 10-12; 2Co 10:15-16), which provides pastoral lessons to pastors today.
2P-175 Dual stimuli-responsive smart fluid of spiropyran-coated silica nanoparticles
윤창민,장정식 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
In this study, we report a new type of smart fluid named as electrophotorheological (EPR) fluid, which is dually responsive to electric field (E fields) and lights. Particularly, EPR material was synthesized by decoration of photosensitive spiropyran (SP) molecules onto the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles. Finally, EPR fluid is formulated by dispersing EPR materials into the specially designed EPR dispersing medium. Under our experimental condition, EPR fluid showed a high EPR performance (ca. 115 Pa), which far exceeded its separate PR (ca. 0.8 Pa, only light application) and ER (ca. 57.5 Pa, only E field application) activity upon dual application of UV light and an E field.
Electrorheological study of mesoporous silica particles with various geometrical shapes
윤창민,장정식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
In this study, mesoporous silica (mSiO2) particle with various aspect ratios was fabricated by simple modified Stober method to investigate the geometrical effect on the electrorheological performance. Particularly, three kinds of mSiO2 particles are fabricated as sphere, short-rod, and long-rod with aspect ratio of 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Notably, the mSiO2- based ER fluids showed enhanced ER performance with increasing aspect ratio, such a phenomenon was related to the flow resistance and mechanical stability of fluids. Also, the dielectric property of mSiO2- based ER fluids was investigated to reveal the geometrical effect on interfacial polarization of particles according to the dielectric loss model. This simply designed study suggests a facile method to enhance the ER activity with controlling the aspect ratio of material.
윤창민,장정식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Various earth-alkaline metal-doped hollow silica/titania spheres (EMHST) are successfully synthesized via simple sonication-mediated etching and re-deposition method to investigate effect of EM-doping on electrorheological (ER) activity. In particular, three kinds of earthalkaline metal hydroxides are used as etchant to fabricate earth-alkaline metal (Ca, Sr, Ba)-doped hollow silica/titania spheres. Notably, this facile etching method effectively enhanced both dispersion stability and dielectric property of ER materials in one-step method. Under our experimental condition, Ca-doped hollow silica/titania sphere exhibits six-fold higher ER performance compared to non-metal doped hollow silica/titania sphere due to short band gap of Ca metal. This newly designed experiment suggests simple methods to enhance the ER performance effectively using various earth-alkaline metal hydroxides.