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柳善模 牧園大學校 1978 論文集 - 牧園大學校 Vol.2 No.-
The purpose of this thesis is to examine how Hemingway's symbolosm has used with his style in his representative works of fiction and how to classify Hemingway's sym-bols. Hemingway's symbolism was derived from realism and seemed to be employed to supplement simplicity of his expression. His symbolism was a calculcalated and serious trial for effective realism. Therefore I call Hemingway's symbolism "the highly dimen-sional realism," because, with it, Hemingway tried to lift realismto higher dimension. I classified Hemingway symbolism on the basis of actual use in his fictions as fol-lows: (1) Weather: rain, snow, wind, (2) Natural things: mountain, plain, river, sea, swamp, (3) Inanimate objects: wall, clock, mirror, window, boat, (4) Living things: lion, hyena, cat, trout, leopard, shark, squirrel, (5) Human body: hair, (6) Christian symbols: Santiage, Cantwell, (7) Others: plunging into the river, recollection. Rain of Hemingway's symbols is death, disaster Snow is the symbol of immortality or eternal life. Among Natural things mountain symbolizes Home-concept and plain symb-olizes Not-Home concept. Swamp is a sinister symbol. Among inanimate objects wall is the symbol of despair, clock and mirror is the symbol of cold-hearted violence. Wind-ow is the symbol of expectation or hope, boat means irony of human separation. Hemin-gway uses hair as a symbol of femininity in characterixing his females. As a whole wo-man with long hair is pure, ideal woman, but short, bobbed hair is the symbol' of this la-ck. Both Cantwell and Santiago are Christian symbols. In conclusion Hemingway's greatest literary achivement lies in creation of simplicity'through his hard-boiled style characterized by maximun unemtional understatement through exterior delineation and the supplementary use of symbolism. I think he is not so much a thinker as an artist. It is sure that Hemingway, an artist with his unique, particular hard-boiled style, will be remembered for many centyries hereafter, and the modern value of his craftsmanship will be highly esteemed forever.