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서인권,김영록,원세영 대한전자공학회 2007 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.44 No.10
In a TDD system, the length of slots can be unequal, and the number of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) slots per frame can be different as well. The advantage of using TDD is the capability to accommodate asymmetric high-bit-rate services for the DL and UL, which will be one of the prominent features in 4G systems. This paper analyzes the performance of TDD system on mobile channel environments like indoor, pedestrian and vehicular channel, and proposes optimum modulation/demodulation method in TDD system. A rectangular QAM (RQAM) used in various communication systems has good BER performance but the much more signal amplitudes also have become one of the barriers to implement receiver. While PSK receiver is implemented easily because it has a constant amplitude, but it's BER performance is worse than RQAM. APSK proposed in this paper integrates merits of RQAM and PSK, and minimizes demerits of them. And a simple method is also proposed to demodulate the soft symbol. The results indicate that the proposed APSK has a little worse performance than RQAM, but the dynamic range of APSK is about 4 dB, 8 dB better than RQAM at 16-ary, 64-ary modulation/demodulation respectively. 본 논문에서는 이동 통신 환경에서 데이터율을 높이기 위해 현재 사용되는 변조 방식보다 고차원의 변조방식에 대한 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 기존에 주로 사용되던 정사각형 형태의 QAM은 BER 성능 면에서는 다른 변조 방식에 비해 우수한 특성을 보이나 진폭의 수가 증가함에 따라 송수신 신호의 다이나믹 레인지가 증가하여 증폭기의 선택에 제한이 생기고, 증폭 과정에서의 에러 발생률이 증가하게 된다. 그러나 본 논문에서 제안하는 APSK 방식의 변조 방식은 기존의 QAM에 비해 미미한 성능 저하를 보이지만 송수신 신호의 다이나믹 레인지 면에서 이득을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 특히 CDMA나 OFDM과 같이 여러 신호가 합의 형태로 송수신되는 시스템에 제한된 범위의 고차원의 변조 방식으로 성능의 유효성이 있다. 또한 이 경우 전력 효율이 좋은 비선형성 증폭기의 사용이 가능하기 때문에 시스템 면에서도 큰 이득이 예상된다.
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Kim Yong-Chan,원세영,정병훈 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.2
Background The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family consists of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that show potent antiviral capacity against a broad range of viruses. Many studies have been performed to investigate an association between IFITM3 polymorphisms and pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection. However, an association study of IFITM1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to this infection has not been reported thus far. Objective To identify an association between the susceptibility to pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection and IFITM1 polymorphisms, we compared genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of the IFITM1 gene between healthy controls and pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1-infected patients. In addition, we investigated linkage disequilibrium (LD) by Haploview 4.2 and the binding ability of transcription factors according to IFITM1 polymorphism alleles by PROMO. Furthermore, we measured the LD value between the IFITM1 gene and the IFITM3 gene. Results We found 3 novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and did not find an association between IFITM1 SNPs and susceptibility to pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection. We found strong LD among IFITM1 SNPs but did not find a difference in the transcription factor-binding ability according to regulatory IFITM1 SNP alleles. In addition, we found strong LD between IFITM1 SNPs and IFITM3 SNPs. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first association study of the susceptibility to pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection and IFITM1 polymorphisms. Background The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family consists of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that show potent antiviral capacity against a broad range of viruses. Many studies have been performed to investigate an association between IFITM3 polymorphisms and pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection. However, an association study of IFITM1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to this infection has not been reported thus far. Objective To identify an association between the susceptibility to pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection and IFITM1 polymorphisms, we compared genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of the IFITM1 gene between healthy controls and pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1-infected patients. In addition, we investigated linkage disequilibrium (LD) by Haploview 4.2 and the binding ability of transcription factors according to IFITM1 polymorphism alleles by PROMO. Furthermore, we measured the LD value between the IFITM1 gene and the IFITM3 gene. Results We found 3 novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and did not find an association between IFITM1 SNPs and susceptibility to pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection. We found strong LD among IFITM1 SNPs but did not find a difference in the transcription factor-binding ability according to regulatory IFITM1 SNP alleles. In addition, we found strong LD between IFITM1 SNPs and IFITM3 SNPs. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first association study of the susceptibility to pandemic influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus infection and IFITM1 polymorphisms.
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