브로드벡 하우스와 오이리트메움의 건축 특성과 의미에 관한 연구

우창옥(Woo, Chang-Ok),김문덕(Kim, Mun-Duk) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.23 No.5

Located in Dornach, Switcherland Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck (Rudolf Steiner-Halde, Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck, 1923-1935) is one of the architectural works created by Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) who has studied and established the cognitive and spiritual aspects of a human being, and is often cited as being the founder of anthroposophy. In fact, Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck is not as well known as Steiner"s other works, and it is perceived as less important than his major works of architecture including "Goetheanum", "Modellbau zu Malsch", and "Rudolf Steiner Haus Stuttgart". Nonetheless, this study is meaningful in itself since it is an important piece of architecture to gain an understanding of the characteristics of Steiner"s late works, and the architectural characteristics of the Waldorf School where various active educational activities are taking place around the world. Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck clearly exhibits the characteristics of the architectural space based on Steiner"s anthroposophy as well as provides a window into promoting space efficiency by extending an existing building. Moreover, it provides a good learning opportunity to find out about how Steiner"s architectural disposition has changed and developed with the use of new materials. With these points as a backdrop, the study aims to develop an understanding of the architectural characteristics of Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck. Another important objective of this paper is to gain insight into the architectural implications in connection with the influence Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck has had on Steiner"s later works, by comparing his early works of architecture with those of his late works.

알도 로시의 ‘자전적 개념’과 스키마를 바탕으로 한 건축 디자인 특성에 관한 연구

우창옥(Woo, Chang-Ok),김종진(Kim, Jong-Jin) 한국실내디자인학회 2009 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.5

Memory and schema are very similar in terms of human accumulated mental and physical experiences. However, while memory has more personal aspect, schema discussed in this paper has more collective aspect. Schema has been developed through different generations and times, and has become a specific psychological or visual element(s) that can be applied to various fields, such as art, design and architecture. This study focuses on Aldo Rossi"s architectural design characteristics based on his "Autobiographical Concept" as well as personal schema. "Autobiographical Concept" is the crucial structure supporting Aldo Rossi"s distinctive formalization and spatialization. 4 case projects were comparatively analyzed by the 5 elements included in "Autobiographical Concept". It was not easy to relate each element to a specific design aspect because the 5 elements are somehow theoretically and conceptually inter-connected each other. Even though it is very difficult to directly relate a conceptual element with a real spatial element, it is found that the 5 elements have some differences in the spatialization process. Thus, in the conclusion, this study attempted to show the unique characteristics of the Aldo Rossi"s architectural design process based on his "Autobiographical Concept".

루돌프 슈타이너의 인지학적 사고로 접근한 실내공간 특성에 관한 연구

우창옥 ( Chang Ok Woo ),김문덕 ( Mun Duk Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2014 기초조형학연구 Vol.15 No.5

본 연구는 최근에 나타나는 흉악범죄와 사회에 만연한 사람들의 정신적인 문제를 건축공간으로 개선하고자 인지학적 건축의 특성을 파악한 것이다. 이를 위해 사람들의 인지적, 정신적인 부분에 대한 연구를 기반으로 ‘인지학’이라는 이론을 정립하고 이러한 사고를 기반으로 건축을 디자인한 루돌프 슈타이너 건축물의 실내공간 특성을 분석하는 것으로 진행하였다. 슈타이너의 인지학적 사고로 접근한 실내공간에 대한 고찰로써 인지학에 많은 영향을 준 괴테의 사유미학에 대한 개념을 파악하고 이러한 개념을 바탕으로 슈타이너의 건축작품을 통해 공간에 나타난 인지학적 사고의 구체적인 표현 양상을 고찰한 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 슈타이너의 인지학적 건축의 특성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인지학 사고의 바탕이 된 괴테의 사유미학인 원현상, 상징성, 마성을 바탕으로 슈타이너의 인지학적 건축특성인 기하학, 형태론, 색채론, 우주론으로 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 슈타이너의 인지학적 건축 특성이 실내공간에서 기하학, 변형, 색채, 장식의 요소로써 표현되어 사람들의 정신적, 인지적인 부분을 자극하여 일깨우고자 하는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 이러한 슈타이너의 인지학에 따른 건축특성이 실내공간에 적용이 되어 사람들에게 감흥을 일으키게 하는 공간을 제안하고 있으며, 이러한 사례를 통해서 현대사회에 적용 가능한 가능성을 제시해보고자 하였다. In this study, I investigated the characteristics of anthroposophical architecture in an effort to make better, by a means of architectural space, the mental problems of people that are predominant in our society and reflected in the recently-occuring dreadful crimes. For this purpose, I proceeded analyzing the characteristics of interior space of the architectural works that were achieved by the architect, Rudolf Steiner who designed buildings based on his own "anthroposophy" theory resulted from his research on the cognitive and spiritual dimensions of human beings. In order to understand the interior space in the same approach as Steiner`s anthroposophical thought, I examined the conception of Goethe`s cogitation Aesthetics that influenced Steiner`s anthroposophy, and on its basis, I appreciated the definite aspects of expression in the space of Steiner`s architectural works. As the results of this study, I found out the characteristics of Steiner`s anthroposophical architecture as the followings:First, it was understood that such defining factors of the Steiner`s anthroposophical architecture characteristics as geometry, morphology, chromatics, and cosmism came from such conceptions as original phenomena, symbolism, devilism that compose Goethe`s Thought Aesthetics which is the basis of the cognitive thought. Second, it was understood that the anthroposophical characteristics of Steiner`s architecture are expressed as the manifestation of geometry, transformation, color, ornament in the interior space, which was intended to stimulate and awaken the cognitive and spiritual part of human beings. Finally, I attempted to propose the possibility of applying to our modern society the case that the interior space created by Steiner`s anthroposophical architecture characteristics could make up the space that inspired people`s hearts.

픽춰레스크(Picturesque)미학에 나타난 실내디자인 특성에 관한 연구

우창옥(Woo, Chang-Ok),박형진(Park, Heung-Jin) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

There has been current trend running through each generation. All the leading areas in the fashion, art, architect industries etc. are absorbing the needs of the mass users and getting popular and high attentions from the society. One of recent trends are the interior design utilizing the aged style of materials such as bricks, antique and vintage objets. It is applied not only for the cafeteria, movie theater, museum but the cultural space. It reflects the brand-new and Utopian interpretation of design longings for the nostalgia and the old ages. This goes back to the picturesque aesthetics in the 1980s. The term “picturesque” means “picture-like”. And it originated from the Utopian vision taken from the landscape paintings of English aristocrat’s trip to Europe. it mainly reflects people’s longing for the nostalgia and their the happy days in the past. In recent days of bad economies, it has been found in various areas from people’s desire for the prosperity in the last days. The objective of this study is to examine the up-current trend of picturesque aesthetics and see its characteristics and how it can be applied to the interior design. And the feasibility study for the necessity of the picturesque aesthetics, any spatioperceptual elements and capable space for human beings to be made for an eclectic space in the desolate modern day life.

인지학적 건축론을 기반으로 한 발도르프 학교의 건축 공간 특성 분석

우창옥 ( Chang Ok Woo ),김문덕(교수) ( Moon Duck Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2016 기초조형학연구 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 새로운 교육공간으로서 인간중심의 교육공간인 발도르프 학교의 건축 공간 특성을 분석하여 현재 교육공간에 나타나는 문제점들의 대안으로서 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 슈타이너는 인간중심의 이론인 인지학을 기반으로 하는 발도르프 교육론을 제시하고, 인간본질을 통한 발도르프 학교를 설립하게 되었다. 이러한 인간본질을 중심으로 한 발도르프 교육론의 특성은 인지학적 건축론에 나타난 특성과 깊은 연관성이 있는 것을 파악할 수 있다. 이를 통해 발도르프 학교의 건축적 특성이 슈타이너의 건축공간에 나타난 특성을 통해 많은 영향을 받은 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 슈타이너의 건축 공간적 특성을 기반으로 해서 현대의 시대적, 환경적 상황에 따라 변화하는 발도르프 학교의 건축 공간적 특성을 고찰한 것이다. 연구의 방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시대의 요구를 반영한 교육공간으로서 발도르프 학교의 교육공간을 분석하기 위해 인지학의 이론적 고찰을 한다. 둘째, 인간을 중심으로 하는 인지학과 전인적 교육의 토대가 되는 인간본질을 통해 인지학적 건축론과 발도르프 교육론의 특성을 파악하여 발도르프 학교의 건축 공간적 특성의 생성과정을 분석한다. 셋째, 인지학적 건축론을 기반으로 한 슈타이너의 건축 공간 특성을 통해 발도르프 학교의 건축 공간 특성을 분석한다. 이를 통해 현재 교육공간의 획일적이고 집단적 교육환경의 문제점을 인간중심의 개성 넘치는 발도르프 학교의 교육공간으로 제시해보고 나라별, 지역별 상황에 따라 다양한 형태로 생겨나고 있는 발도르프 학교의 건축 공간적 특성을 통해 우리나라에도 새로운 교육공간으로서 가능성을 제언해보고자 한다. The purpose of the present study is to analyze characteristics of Waldorf schools’ architectural space, a human-centric educational space, as a new educational space and consider it as an alternative to the problematic current educational spaces. Steiner presented Waldorf education theory which was based on anthroposophy, a human-centric theory, and established a Waldorf school based on understanding of human nature. Characteristics of this human nature-centric Waldorf education theory were found to have a deep connection with characteristics of anthroposophic architectural theory. This proves that architectural characteristics of Waldorf schools has been greatly influenced by characteristics of Steiner``s architectural space. Based on characteristics of Steiner``s architectural space, this study aims to consider characteristics of Waldorf schools’ architectural space which vary depending on situations of the times and environments in modern times. Methods of the study are as follows. First, anthroposophy is considered theoretically to analyze educational space of Waldorf schools as an educational space which reflects the needs of the times. Second, creation process of architectural spatial characteristics of Waldorf schools is analyzed through the grasp of characteristics of anthroposophic architectural theory and Waldorf education theory through human nature that is the foundation for the human-centric anthroposophy and whole-person education. Third, characteristics of Waldorf schools`` architectural space is analyzed through Steiner``s architectural spatial characteristics based on anthroposophic architectural theory. Through all these methods, the study aims to present the educational space of Waldorf schools which is human-centric and full of characteristics as a solution for problems of standardized and collective educational environment of current education space and also suggest possibilities of implementing Waldorf schools as a new educational space in Korea based on architectural spatial characteristics of Waldorf schools which are popping up in various forms according to situations by country or region.

근대 이후에 나타난 실존적 건축의 특성에 관한 연구

박형진 ( Hyung Jin Park ),우창옥 ( Chang Ok Woo ) 한국기초조형학회 2012 기초조형학연구 Vol.13 No.4

본 연구는 근대 이후에 나타난 실존적 건축의 특성을 파악한 것이다. 이를 위해 실존적 경향을 보이는 초기 포스트모던 건축가들의 사고와 작품에 나타난 공간 구조의 특성을 파악하였다. 실존적 공간 이론을 정립한 슐츠는 지각하는 자아를 중심으로 형성되는 실존적 건축 공간의 구조적 특성을 체계화하였다. 따라서 슐츠의 공간론을 토대로 보편적, 균질적인근대의 공간과 근본적인 차이를 지니는 포스트모던 건축의 실존적 특성을 파악할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 특히 슐츠의 공간론에 나타나는 위계적, 내부지향적 공간 개념이 근대건축의 공간과 분명한 차별성을 지니는 것으로 보고 정위론을 중심으로 한 공간적 측면에 범위를 한정하여 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 초기 포스트모던 건축가들의 사고와 작품에 나타난 실존적 공간 구조의 특성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분석한 건축물들의 외부 형상과 내부공간은 총체적인 주변세계의 의미를 모으며, 용도에 적합한 분위기를 총체적으로 표현함으로써 실존적 건축을 추구하였다. 둘째, 이러한 건축물들은 인간의 지각적 측면과 필연적으로 관계를 맺는 위계적인 내부공간을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 실존적 건축은 물리적인 측면에서 외벽체에 의한 위요된 내부공간의 개념이 필수적이며, 개구부를 통해 주변세계와 관계 맺음으로써 실존성은 더욱 강화되는 것이다. This study shows characteristics of the existential architectures since the modern age. To examine those characteristics, the paper shows the characteristics of the spatial structure in their thoughts and works in the early post-modern architects whose works have existential characteristics. Schulz, who set up the spatial concept, organized structural characteristics of the existential architecture space formed by a sentient being. Thus, with his spatial concept, it is not difficult to understand that existential characteristics of space in the post-modern architecture breaking away from the standardized concept of that shown in the modern architecture. Given that there is an obvious difference between the hierarchial and inside-oriented concept of space in Schulz`s space theory and modern architecture space, the study was conducted in the spatial aspect focusing the theory of spatial orientation. The followings are existential characteristics of the spatial structure in their thoughts and works in the early post-modern architects shown in the study. First, external shapes and internal space of examined buildings converge the whole meaning of the surroundings, and pursue existential architecture by wholly showing atmosphere suitable for each use. Next, those buildings form hierarchy in the inner space inevitably connected with the side of sentience. Last, existential architecture is an inevitable concept of hierachized inner space by exterior walls in a physical side, and existential characteristics are reinforced by entering into a connection with the surroundings using an opening.