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Assessment of pesticide residue for food safety and environment protection
Byung-Youl Oh(오병렬) 한국농약과학회 2000 농약과학회지 Vol.4 No.4
Since the chemical pesticides have been played a major role in crop protection practices during last 5 to 7 decades, social concerns on the pesticide residues in and on food commodities as well as environmental compartments have also growing with endless demands and interests. Most national regulation authorities over the world have paid a special attention on the data requirements for pesticide registration. In addition, even the registered pesticides also should follow the re-registration process, which meets today’s guidelines and regulatory triggers and safety profiles. More recently, a defined interest in the international bodies has given to the global conservation program from the environmental contamination; these involves persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDs), biocides, etc.. In order to secure the food safety and keep our circumference sound, in-depth efforts getting information from global networks have perpetually to be given under relevant national agencies. At the same time, a nation-wide survey of the residues has also to be in operation to monitor the tendency of the toxicant in/on foods, feeds, and environmental segments. In final, the scientifically assessed results on safety should be opened to the public to provide the right-to-know for the consumers.
농약(農藥)의 제형(劑型)이 수도체중(水稻體中) 잔류량(殘留量)에 미치는 영향(影響)
오병렬,김영구,박영선,Oh, Byung-Youl,Kim, Young-Ku,Park, Young-Sun 한국환경농학회 1984 한국환경농학회지 Vol.3 No.2
농약(農藥)의 제형(劑型), 살포시기(撒布時期) 및 사용회수(使用回數)를 달리 하였을 때 수도(水稻)의 수확물중(收穫物中) 농약잔류량(農藥殘留量) 변화를 조사(調査)하기 위하여 isoprothiolane과 chlorpyriphos-methyl의 유제(乳劑) 및 립제(粒劑)에 대하여 풍산(豊産)벼를 대상으로 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) Isoprothiolane 유제(乳劑)는 수확기(收穫期)에 근접(近接)하여 철포(撤布)할수록 볏짚중(中) 잔류량(殘留量)이 높았으나 립제(粒劑)는 수확(收穫) 30일전(日前) 살포에서 최고수준(最高水準)에 달하였다. Chlorpyriphos-methyl은 제형(劑型)에 관계없이 수확기(收穫期)에 근접(近接) 살포할수록 볏짚 잔유량(殘留量)이 높았으나 그 수준(水準)은 isoprothiolane 보다 현저히 낮았다. 2) 현미중(玄米中) 잔류량(殘留量)은 chlorpyriphos-methyl유제(乳劑)의 경우 볏짚에서와 류사(類似)한 분해률(分解率)을 보였으나 isoprothiolane유제(乳劑)는 볏짚에서 보다 그 잔류량(殘留量)이 안정(安定)하였다. 립제(粒劑)는 락제(樂劑)와 무관(無關)하게 현미(玄米)로의 이행(移行)이 매우 경미(輕微)하였다. 3) 도정(搗精)에 의한 현미중(玄米中) 잔류양(殘留量)의 제거률(除去率)은 유제(乳劑)의 철포시기(撤布時期)가 수확기(收穫期)에 인접할수록 높았고 살포회수(撒布回數)와는 관계가 없었다. 4) 수도재배기간중(水稻栽培期間中) 살포농약(撒布農藥)의 수확물중(收穫物中) 잔존률(殘存率)은 볏짚에 $0.19%{\sim}0.99%$, 현미(玄米)에 $0.01{\sim}0.48%$, 백미(白米)에 0.15%이었다. The present study was performed to elucidate pesticide residues in paddy rice applied with different application schedules and frequencies of pesticide formulations. Pungsanbyeo($Japonica{\times}Indica hybrid$) of rice(Oryza sativa L.) was chosen as target crop. Isoprothiolane(diisopropyl-l,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene malonate) 40EC (emulsifiable concentrates), 12G (granular), and chlorpyriphosmethyl [0,0-dimethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] 25EC, 3G were selected as pesticide formulations. The closer the isoprothiolane EC application to harvest, the higher the residues in rice straw retained at harvest; however the G application on 30 days before harvest resulted in highest residue. Chlorpyriphosmethyl residues were higher as it was applied nearby to harvest. Degradation rate of chlorpyriphos-methyl in husked rice was quite similar to in rice straw, on the other hand isoprothiolane in the rice was more stable than that in rice straw. Translocated amount of applied G formulation to husked rice was meager irrespective to the chemicals. Percent reduction of isoprothiolane residues in husked rice by polishing was not related to application frequencies but to application date before harvest. Residual portions in rice straw, husked rice and polished rice of total input amount during rice cultivation were ranged from 0.19% to 0.99%, 0.01% to 0.48%, and 0.15%, respectively.
권오경(Oh-Kyung Kwon),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),최달순(Dal-soon Choi),성기석(Ki-Seog Seong),임양빈(Yang-Bin Ihm),강충길(Chung-Kil Kang),송병훈(Byeong-Hun Song),오병렬(Byung-Youl Oh) 한국농약과학회 2000 농약과학회지 Vol.4 No.4
In order to develop the indicators of environmental impact of pesticide, its actual usage in paddy rice was surveyed, and usage trends of individual pesticides were evaluated. The tendency of pesticide use indicated insecticide 43%, herbicide 29%, fungicide 27% and top ranking item in insecticide, herbicide and fungicide was carbofuran, molinate + pyrazosulfuran-ethyl, IBP. The usuage statistics of formulation types showed GR>DP>WP>EC>FG>SP. Pesticide usage(a.i.) per hectare was 7.13㎏ and total usuage for paddy rice was estimated at 8,387 M/T. In the result of comparison of fact-usage with pesticide cunsumption reported in 1998, the fitness was 94.7% for fungicide, 84.3% for insecticide, 77.8% for herbicide. The result of monitoring pesticide residue of unpolished-rice sampled from farm house of survey indicated 0.14 ppm(BPMC), 0.16 ppm(Isoprocarb), 0.17 ppm(Isoprothiolane). In case of rice straw, the residue level was 0.27 ppm(Isoprothiolane), 0.28 ppm(IBP), 0.39 ppm(Carbofuran). The residue levels of pesticides were below MRLs.
권오경(Oh-Kyung Kwon),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),최달순(Dal-soon Choi),박찬원(Chan-Won Park),송병훈(Byeong-Hun Song),류갑희(Gap-Hee Ryu),오병렬(Byung-Youl Oh) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.4
Pesticide actual usage in fruit crop cultivation was surveyed, and usage trends of individual pesticides were evaluated to provide data for the development of indicators of environmental impact. The amount of pesticide used for fruit crops indicated the order of fungicide> insecticide> herbicide unlike the case of paddy rice, The fungicide rate of total usage was 72% in apple cultivation. Top ranking fungicides used on fruits were Mancozeb, Propineb, Thiophanate-methyl and the main insecticides were Propargite, Omethoate, Methidathion. The usuage by formulation types showed the order of WP>EC>SL>SC>SP>WG. Pesticide usage (a.i.) per hectare by different fruits was citrus 48.6㎏, apple 27.1㎏, pear 18.6㎏, persimmon 17.5㎏, peach 11.3㎏ and grape 9.2㎏. Comparison of pesticide usage (a.i.,㎏/㏊) in some fruit crops between Korea and USA indicated that more pesticides were used for citrus, pear and peach in USA than Korea while more pesticides were used in Korea than USA for apple.
벼 재배 환경 중 molinate의 휘산과 공기 중 고추약해 발현농도
박병준(Byung-Jun Park),최주현(Ju-Hyeon Choi),김찬섭(Chan-Sub Kim),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),오병렬(Byung-Youl Oh),심재한(Jae-Han Shim) 한국농약과학회 2005 농약과학회지 Vol.9 No.1
To evaluate the exposure of molinate in agricultural environment and its effect against the non-target crop in air, this experiment was conducted to elucidate volatilization characteristics of molinate in aquatic condition and to determine critical concentration of molinate in the air causing phytotoxicity to Chili pepper. Cumulative volatilized rate of molinate from water was 22.7% at 35℃ for water temperature and 20 ℓ/min for air velocity while 3.2% at 25℃ and 10 ℓ/min within 47 hour after applied under closed system, respectively. The molinate concentrations in air above 60 ㎝ height from soil surface of valley and open paddy rice field were reached the highest value of 18.17 and 11.59 ㎍/㎥, respectively within 24 hours after applying granular formulation at dose rate of molinate 150 g/1,000 ㎡. However, their concentrations were drastically diminished to around 0.18 and 0.51 ㎍/㎥ level in 20 days after application, which volatilization pattern were similar to both regions. Also, the concentration of molinate in air above 60 ㎝ height from soil surface was distributed higher 2 times than that above 180 ㎝ height. Meanwhile, a phytotoxic symptom against the nearby chili pepper was revealed within three days after applied and molinate was detected 0.004~0.006 ㎎/㎏ level from severe damaged leaves. The dose and exposure relations of molinate in the air against the non-target crop was also investigated in lab trial. The phytotoxic symptom, shriveled leaves, of the chili pepper was encountered by exposing two days with concentration of 13.6 ㎍/㎥, three days with 6.8 ㎍/㎥ or four days with 3.4 ㎍/㎥. The symptom was still recovered within four weeks after the plants had received fresh air. On the other hand, the phytotoxic response through root uptake of the herbicide in water culture was relatively insensitive, in which the symptom is observed ten days with the concentration of 300 ㎍/ℓ.