There 구문의 분석

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1992 우암논총 Vol.8 No.-

There construction in English is divided into existential there (there1) and locative there (there2) These are greatly different from each other in terms of pronunciation, meaning and function. There2 has an accent in pronunciation, has the meaning such as "in that place" or "at that place" and functions as an adverb in a sentence. While There1 has no accent, has the meanings of "exist" or "is", and functions as a subject of a sentence. This study is to analyze the characteristics and the patterns of there construction explicitly in the views of the traditional grammar and the transformational grammar. In the traditional grammar argued by Jesperson, Curme and Quirk & greenbaum, existential there1 has been regarded as a meaningless and empty filler in that it has lost its locative meaning. In the transformational grammar focused on Akmajian and perlmutter, existential there1 was a meaningless element that has to be used with a indefinite by there insertion rule, since existential there1 should appear in subject position of a sentence. Therefore, existential there1 can be perceived as a subject in that (1) it occupies the subject position, (2) it has a similar form to pronoun, (3) it is unstressed like a pronoun and in that, (4) the locative meaning of there1 is abstract.

고대영어의 어순에 관한 연구

엄병호 청주대학교 국제문제연구원 1991 國際文化硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This paper's aim is to study the characteristic of Old English word order. this framework constitutes the foundation for the analysis and determination of the historical development of word order in natural languages. In contrast to Modern English, Old English was complicated and highly inflectional. Practically all the grammatical relationships to which the language gave attention could be expressed by inflections and the accusative-object as well as the dative-object could stand in any position without changing the sentence meaning. However, English has lost most of suffixinflections, while it has developed the characteristics of analytic language. as the result, its word order has been fixed on the one hand, and on the other hand, it has another characteristic which is able to change word order freely. That is, word order in English has not only regulative phase but also free phase. Accordingly word order has become an important device to express structural and grammatical relationships, and synthetic structure has changed to analytic one.

대립언어의 사회 언어학적 특성의 연구

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1993 우암논총 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study is to define the status of korean opposites and to examine their semantic properties and functions though the approaches of structural semantics, logic, and psycholinguistics. (1) There are two ways to make a superordinate using two constituents in an opposite relation :'A + B = C' and 'A + B = AB'. And the latter is more productive. (2) In the composition of opposites, there are cases where the permutation of word order is possible, and the order of words native to Korean and that of the orders which can be written in chinese characters are not the same. But in general, word order is frozen, and the order of the words native to korean and that of the words which can be written in chinese character are congruent. The value of the words in place A and place B is very different. Word order is determied by the universal way of thinking of the people using a particular language. (3) The aspects of the composition of opposites are as follows : (a) Proceding time is followed by later time. (b) Small numbers are followed by large numbers. (c) In general male is followed by female, but when the status of the people in question is very low, the order is reversed, (d)A word neater to the speaker is followed by a word remoter from the speaker. (e) A direection easy to perceive appears in place A. (f) A word which denotes higher degree, value, and strength appears in place A (g) A positive term is followed by a negative one, and sometimes reverse side according to the attention degree.

고대영어의 어순에 관한 고찰

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1996 우암논총 Vol.14 No.-

I wil1 argue that Old English word order has some grammatical significance, and that it is not free. 1 will also argue that the underlying word order of Old English is SOV. The underlying SOV word order is verified in terms of markedness, by the principle of natural serialization, in the comparative study of some West Germanic languages, and by theory-internal arguments. I show in this paper that the various word order patterns of OE are regulated by some UG principles. They all derived from the basic underlying order by application of movement rules. My task is to decide which is the underlying word order between SVO and SOV. The generalization is that the order in main clauses is SVO and in subordinate clauses SOV in OE. A question arises: 'Which one is basic?' I argue that the underlying word order of OE is SOV, The SVO order in main clause is derived by the verb (second) movement to COMP and XP-topicalization to SPEC of CP. This is the so-called V2 phenomenon, which is general characteristics of all Germanic languages except NE. I claim that V2 phenomenon must be captured by the verb movement to COMP,the specifier(SPEC) of the complementizer phrase being filled by some XP constituent. I dealt with several diachronic changes shown in the history of English.

제2언어 습득의 중요성 : 사회문화적 측면에서

엄병호 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 1991 人文科學論集 Vol.10 No.-

What is langueage and its meaning in a human being? By what principle can be the language acquired and what characteristics does the effective program have to improve the development of the language? What is the relation to the language of thinking and what is a role of the language in educetion ? It may be impossible to answer the question relevantly. Also, the language is not to learn all in itself, but to acquire or learn through a relevant use of inherent language competence and its development. Even if the grammar doesn' t hold the keys to all languages, the application of the grammar is necessary to the theory of monitor. The acquisition of the second language thus has to start, basing on practicality, validity and reliability. We must attempt to be relevant to the standard of native language speaker, even to his intonation and stress. This peper will observe some aspects of language acquisition and then will research some suggestions to develop language educational program by unifying some characteristics of language educational program which is relevant to our nation, focused on the theoretical study of language educational program based on the theory of language acquisition, being emphasis on recently.

고대영어 어순의 역사적 고찰

엄병호 永同工科大學校 1995 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

This paper's aim is to study the characteristic of Old English word order. This framework constitutes the foundation for the analysis and determination of the historical development of word order in natural languages. In contrast to Modern English, Old English was complicated and highly inflectional. Practically all the grammatical relationships to which the language gave attention could be expressed by inflections and the accusative-object as well as the dative-object could stand in any position without changing the sentence meaning. However, English has lost most of suffix inflections, while it has developed the characteristics of analytic language. As the result, its word order has been fixed on the one hand, and on the other hand, it has another characteristic which is able to change word order freely. That is, word order in English has not only regulative phase but also free phase. Accordingly word order has become an important device to express structural and grammatical relationships, and synthetic structure has changed to analytic one.

영어 관계절에 관한 연구

엄병호 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 1990 人文科學論集 Vol.9 No.-

The main purpose of this study is to research English relative clauses- rationally by looking over relativizations in Standard Theory, Extended Standard Theory and Government and Binding Theory. As a result of this study, I found the followings : NP-S analysis is the most proper approach among four deep structure analyses (DET-S NP-S, NOM-S and Conjunction analysis) in case of the restrictive relative clause and conjuntion analysis in case of the non-relative clause. There are some problems in "Free deletion for COMP" in Extended Standard Theory. In order to overcome the problems, I have presented two assumptions. First, I assumed, following Chomsky(1981, 1982), that an empty operater O should be inserted in the D-structure of relative clauses without a relative pronoun and "that" complementizer should not inserted in the D-structure of relative clauses without a complementizer. Second, I assumed a language-universal "Empty Category Constraint" to resolve the problem of deleting only relative pronoun after relative pronoun moved with preposition into COMP. 'That' was treated as a relative pronoun in traditional grammar, but under Government and Binding Theory 'that' can be regarded as conjunction. According as 'that' is conjunction in GB Theory, X￣-Theory can be extended and used to COMP.

Korean Mothers Attitudes and Motivations Toward Bilingual Education in ESL Context

엄병호 한국중원언어학회 2017 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.43

The purpose of this study was to explore Korean mothers’ perception of bilingual education (Korean and English) in an ESL context. For this purpose, I, the researcher of this study, established two research questions: 1) What are Korean mothers’ attitudes and motivations toward bilingual acquisition in an ESL context? 2) How do they support the bilingual education environment for their children at home? For data collection, I first conducted an in-depth review of the literature in bilingual education, and performed oral interviews with eight Korean mothers, whose children were attending a Korean school in the United States. I recorded all the interviews and later transcribed for analysis, following Charmaz’s synthesis model. The findings revealed that all the participants had favorable attitudes toward bilingual education. Furthermore, most of them preferred to preserve their heritage language, culture, and ethnic identity with integrative motivation rather than instrumental. Finally, they produced various home literacy practices based on more communicative language learning. Further research needs to explore the relationships between parents’ attitudes/motivations and their children’s academic performance in both bilingual and monolingual contexts.

고대영어의 어순과 동사이동

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1995 우암논총 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper we investigated how various word order patterns related to verb movements shown in the history of English might be best characterized within the framework argued for in chomsky & Lanik(1991) and Chomsky(1992) and others following these. The basic assumption of them is that word order variations in the world's languages can be derived from a highly constrained set of simple parameters, interacting with universal principles of natural language. I show in this paper that the various word order patterns of OE are regulated by some UG principles. They all derived from the basic underlying order by applicaton of movement rules. My task is to decide which is the underlying word order between SVO and SOV. The generalization is that the order in main clauses is SVO and in subordinate clauses SOV in OE. A question arises; 'Which one is basic?' I argue that the underlying word order of OE is SOV. The SVO order in main clause is derived by the verb (second) movement to COMP and XP-topicalization to SPEC of CP. This is the so-called V2 phenomenon, which is general characteristics of all Germanic languages except NE. I claim that V2 phenomenon must be captured by the verb movement to COMP, the specifier(SPEC) of the complementizer phrase being filled by some XP constituent. I outline the Minimalist Theory proposed by Chomsky(1992). He proposes that each of the heads, i.e., Tense and the two AGH's (i.e., AGRs and AGRo) have N[ominal] and V[erbal] features which may be parameterized with either a "strong" value or a "weak" one. Strong features are required to be checked in the derivation before SPELL-OUT (i. e. , in the overt syntax), while weak features need not be. The Interactions of these features with independent principles will dictate whether certain steps of derivation occur overtly(prior to SPELL-OUT)covertly (at Logical Form). The N-features, related with the specifier position govern NP movements, and the V-features, related with the heads, govern head movements. Under the Minimalist Theory V2 movement occurs only when some morphological property of COMP must be satisfied, since movements are motivated solely by morphological properties. Particularly the obligatory verb-raising to COMP is triggered by the strong features of some head in COMP. I suggest that the verbal features of AGR (and Tense) in OE are assumed to be morphologically strong and so must check the verb before SPELL-OUT. The obligatoriness of XP movement to SPEC of CP is also explained in terms of a strong feature. The object-raising to SPEC of AGRoP is overt in OE like subject raising. Thus the N-feature of Tense and AGR are strong in OE. I dealt with several diachronic changes shown in the history of English. Historical changes will be explained if we demonstrate that the linguistic environment has changed in such a way that some parameter of UG is fixed differently. 1 consider the change in the underlying word order of English from SOV to SVO, This change was triggered by the frequent SVO patterns of OE and the weakening of the nominal features of AGR. In the mean time the loss of V2 movement is explained by the weakening of the verbal features of AGR and Tense.

범용 3차원 모델링 툴의 오브젝트 개념을 이용한 건축물량산출 방법 제안

엄병호 한국BIM학회 2017 한국BIM학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-