골프장 캐디의 직무스트레스요인이 이직의도 및 경력변경의도에 미치는 영향

이종근(Jong Kun Lee),김민환(Min Whan Kim),정희석(Hee Surk Jeong),엄병호(Byung Ho Um),염정환(Jeong Hwan Youm),유인영(In Young You) 한국체육교육학회 2008 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.13 No.2

체육교사와 일반교사의 정서경험 원인 표현 대처양식 비교

이주욱(Joo Wook Yi),이병준(Byoung Jun Lee),김동환(Dong Hwan Kim),문호준(Ho Jun Moon),엄병호(Byung Ho Um) 한국스포츠교육학회 2008 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.15 No.4

고대영어 어순의 역사적 고찰

엄병호 永同工科大學校 1995 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

This paper's aim is to study the characteristic of Old English word order. This framework constitutes the foundation for the analysis and determination of the historical development of word order in natural languages. In contrast to Modern English, Old English was complicated and highly inflectional. Practically all the grammatical relationships to which the language gave attention could be expressed by inflections and the accusative-object as well as the dative-object could stand in any position without changing the sentence meaning. However, English has lost most of suffix inflections, while it has developed the characteristics of analytic language. As the result, its word order has been fixed on the one hand, and on the other hand, it has another characteristic which is able to change word order freely. That is, word order in English has not only regulative phase but also free phase. Accordingly word order has become an important device to express structural and grammatical relationships, and synthetic structure has changed to analytic one.

고대영어의 어순에 관한 고찰

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1996 우암논총 Vol.14 No.-

I wil1 argue that Old English word order has some grammatical significance, and that it is not free. 1 will also argue that the underlying word order of Old English is SOV. The underlying SOV word order is verified in terms of markedness, by the principle of natural serialization, in the comparative study of some West Germanic languages, and by theory-internal arguments. I show in this paper that the various word order patterns of OE are regulated by some UG principles. They all derived from the basic underlying order by application of movement rules. My task is to decide which is the underlying word order between SVO and SOV. The generalization is that the order in main clauses is SVO and in subordinate clauses SOV in OE. A question arises: 'Which one is basic?' I argue that the underlying word order of OE is SOV, The SVO order in main clause is derived by the verb (second) movement to COMP and XP-topicalization to SPEC of CP. This is the so-called V2 phenomenon, which is general characteristics of all Germanic languages except NE. I claim that V2 phenomenon must be captured by the verb movement to COMP,the specifier(SPEC) of the complementizer phrase being filled by some XP constituent. I dealt with several diachronic changes shown in the history of English.

현대영어 어순의 분석적 고찰

金在明,嚴秉浩 충주대학교 1990 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Word order plays an important role in determining of the relationships between word and word, and the meaning of each sentence. As stated in this paper, the characteristics of each language seem to be the product of the customs of its native speakers. English has its own unique word order which is different from those of other languase. Therefore, we have to understand word order in English in order to comprehend English correctly. Furthermore, the change of word order in many cases has been due to psychological reasons such as 'Emphasis', 'Expectatoin', 'Actuality'. Accordingly word order has become an important device to express structural and grammatical relationships, and synthetic structure has changed to analytic one. The aim of this paper is to examine how to arrange the words and what an important matter the word order may be in learning English. In sentence of more than one word, there arises the question of word order. So the influence of word order becomes dominant factor in determining the meaning of sentences. English learners have to study the word order precisely to master the use of it. And the development of structural or grammatical uses of word order is still in progress in Modern English.

대립언어의 사회 언어학적 특성의 연구

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1993 우암논총 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study is to define the status of korean opposites and to examine their semantic properties and functions though the approaches of structural semantics, logic, and psycholinguistics. (1) There are two ways to make a superordinate using two constituents in an opposite relation :'A + B = C' and 'A + B = AB'. And the latter is more productive. (2) In the composition of opposites, there are cases where the permutation of word order is possible, and the order of words native to Korean and that of the orders which can be written in chinese characters are not the same. But in general, word order is frozen, and the order of the words native to korean and that of the words which can be written in chinese character are congruent. The value of the words in place A and place B is very different. Word order is determied by the universal way of thinking of the people using a particular language. (3) The aspects of the composition of opposites are as follows : (a) Proceding time is followed by later time. (b) Small numbers are followed by large numbers. (c) In general male is followed by female, but when the status of the people in question is very low, the order is reversed, (d)A word neater to the speaker is followed by a word remoter from the speaker. (e) A direection easy to perceive appears in place A. (f) A word which denotes higher degree, value, and strength appears in place A (g) A positive term is followed by a negative one, and sometimes reverse side according to the attention degree.

There 구문의 분석

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1992 우암논총 Vol.8 No.-

There construction in English is divided into existential there (there1) and locative there (there2) These are greatly different from each other in terms of pronunciation, meaning and function. There2 has an accent in pronunciation, has the meaning such as "in that place" or "at that place" and functions as an adverb in a sentence. While There1 has no accent, has the meanings of "exist" or "is", and functions as a subject of a sentence. This study is to analyze the characteristics and the patterns of there construction explicitly in the views of the traditional grammar and the transformational grammar. In the traditional grammar argued by Jesperson, Curme and Quirk & greenbaum, existential there1 has been regarded as a meaningless and empty filler in that it has lost its locative meaning. In the transformational grammar focused on Akmajian and perlmutter, existential there1 was a meaningless element that has to be used with a indefinite by there insertion rule, since existential there1 should appear in subject position of a sentence. Therefore, existential there1 can be perceived as a subject in that (1) it occupies the subject position, (2) it has a similar form to pronoun, (3) it is unstressed like a pronoun and in that, (4) the locative meaning of there1 is abstract.

고대영어의 어순과 동사이동

엄병호 청주대학교 대학원 1995 우암논총 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper we investigated how various word order patterns related to verb movements shown in the history of English might be best characterized within the framework argued for in chomsky & Lanik(1991) and Chomsky(1992) and others following these. The basic assumption of them is that word order variations in the world's languages can be derived from a highly constrained set of simple parameters, interacting with universal principles of natural language. I show in this paper that the various word order patterns of OE are regulated by some UG principles. They all derived from the basic underlying order by applicaton of movement rules. My task is to decide which is the underlying word order between SVO and SOV. The generalization is that the order in main clauses is SVO and in subordinate clauses SOV in OE. A question arises; 'Which one is basic?' I argue that the underlying word order of OE is SOV. The SVO order in main clause is derived by the verb (second) movement to COMP and XP-topicalization to SPEC of CP. This is the so-called V2 phenomenon, which is general characteristics of all Germanic languages except NE. I claim that V2 phenomenon must be captured by the verb movement to COMP, the specifier(SPEC) of the complementizer phrase being filled by some XP constituent. I outline the Minimalist Theory proposed by Chomsky(1992). He proposes that each of the heads, i.e., Tense and the two AGH's (i.e., AGRs and AGRo) have N[ominal] and V[erbal] features which may be parameterized with either a "strong" value or a "weak" one. Strong features are required to be checked in the derivation before SPELL-OUT (i. e. , in the overt syntax), while weak features need not be. The Interactions of these features with independent principles will dictate whether certain steps of derivation occur overtly(prior to SPELL-OUT)covertly (at Logical Form). The N-features, related with the specifier position govern NP movements, and the V-features, related with the heads, govern head movements. Under the Minimalist Theory V2 movement occurs only when some morphological property of COMP must be satisfied, since movements are motivated solely by morphological properties. Particularly the obligatory verb-raising to COMP is triggered by the strong features of some head in COMP. I suggest that the verbal features of AGR (and Tense) in OE are assumed to be morphologically strong and so must check the verb before SPELL-OUT. The obligatoriness of XP movement to SPEC of CP is also explained in terms of a strong feature. The object-raising to SPEC of AGRoP is overt in OE like subject raising. Thus the N-feature of Tense and AGR are strong in OE. I dealt with several diachronic changes shown in the history of English. Historical changes will be explained if we demonstrate that the linguistic environment has changed in such a way that some parameter of UG is fixed differently. 1 consider the change in the underlying word order of English from SOV to SVO, This change was triggered by the frequent SVO patterns of OE and the weakening of the nominal features of AGR. In the mean time the loss of V2 movement is explained by the weakening of the verbal features of AGR and Tense.

고대영어의 어순에 관한 연구

엄병호 청주대학교 국제문제연구원 1991 國際文化硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This paper's aim is to study the characteristic of Old English word order. this framework constitutes the foundation for the analysis and determination of the historical development of word order in natural languages. In contrast to Modern English, Old English was complicated and highly inflectional. Practically all the grammatical relationships to which the language gave attention could be expressed by inflections and the accusative-object as well as the dative-object could stand in any position without changing the sentence meaning. However, English has lost most of suffixinflections, while it has developed the characteristics of analytic language. as the result, its word order has been fixed on the one hand, and on the other hand, it has another characteristic which is able to change word order freely. That is, word order in English has not only regulative phase but also free phase. Accordingly word order has become an important device to express structural and grammatical relationships, and synthetic structure has changed to analytic one.

남북한 언어 특성의 비교연구

嚴秉浩,金在明 忠州大學校 1991 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

Our nation was one with a race and a language inherently. Despite a division between the South Korea and the North Korea, our nation has an identity in orthography and language norm on the basis of "The Standard Rule of Korean Spelling' in 1933. Our nation liberated from the empire of Japan in 1945, but it was divided into the South Korea and the North Korea unfortunately. The reality of language between the South Korea and the North Korea brings about the serious heterogeneity by the ideology and the policy of language. Especially, "The Movement of Munwha (meaning'cultural') Language' of the North Korea in the late 1960s becomes more serious to the extent. These heterogeneous phenomena of the South-North Korean language get a great problematic influential in many conversations and talks for a reunification of our nation. Considering the importance of language that effects on the thought of human beings, the manner of action and the pattern of consciousness, the linguistic heterogeneity of the South Korea and the North Korea is an explicit problem to overcome. This paper presents the linguistic differences between the South Korea and the North Korea as a first step to cope with the heterogeneity of our language and to confirm its identity, and examines how our nation attempts to understand each other in many fields. Accordingly this paper observes the policy of the South-North Korean languages and examines the characteristics of phonetics, semantics, morphology and syntax respectively.