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지구환경시대의 있어서 수환경 보전기술 ( 地球換境時代における水環境 保全技術 )
야지달야(Tatsuya Noike) 한국수처리학회 1998 한국수처리학회지 Vol.6 No.3
In recent years, global environmental problems have been closed up, and earnest approaches to solve the problems have been conducted on the fields of natural science, politics and economics. Sewerage is the indispensable infrastructure which assures the nation of safe and comfortable lives and controls water pollution. It is important for us in the arrangement and management of sewerage to recognize how the system is concerned with greenhouse effect and copes with it. Sewerage system is also one of the constitutive elements which are needed to keep ecosystem and nature recycling system well. The purposes of this lecture are to discuss on a new role of sewerage in global environmental era and to have a view of the resources, such as, sewage sludge and treated water, and the unused energy will be discussed from a stand point of environmental protection of the earth.
野池達也 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1987 環境硏究 Vol.7 No.2
The anaerobic treatment process converts organic waste materials to methane and carbon dioxide in the absence of molecular oxygan. In the past, it has been employed in the stabilization of municipal sewage sludge, industrial and agricultural wastes, and particularly in Japan, it has been applied to the treatment of night soil. However, the anaerobic treatment process can be used for the treatment of both dilute and concentrated soluble wastes. Over the more recent past, advances in the basic understanding of the microbiology and biochemistry have helped to overcome many of problems associated with anaerobic treatment. Recent increases in the cost of energy have prompted renewed interest in this process. A concept of two phase digestion has been proposed. In two phase digestion, the acidogenic phase is seperated from the methanogenic phase by using the difference in growth rates of the populations responsible for acid and methane production to provide population selection through the manipulation of hydraulic retention time. A large number of fundamental studies have been conducted on two phase anaerobic digestion. In author's opinion, the phase seperation is useful not only to the upgrading of efficiencies but also to the investigation on the digestion mechanism in detail. In this article, the outline of two phase anaerobic digestion experiments which have been carried out at Tohoku University is introduced in regard to the following subjects: (1) Acidogenic phase 1) Characteristics of carbohydrate degradation 2) Effect of C/N ratio of the substrate on the acidogenesis 3) Effect of pH on the acidogenesis 4) Temperature characteristics of the acidogenesis 5) Effect of the addition of soluble starch and pepton on cellulose degradation (2) Methanogenic phase 1) Effect of retention time and feed concentration on the methanogenesis 2) Effect of pH on the methanogenesis 3) Characteristics of mixed substrate utilization in the methanogenesis 4) Temperature characteristics of the methanogenesis (3) Rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion The results obtained from continuous experiments using laboratory-scale anaerobic chemostat reactors elucidated the true rate-limiting step of anaerobic digestion. The specific rate of substrate utilization decreased in the following order: glucose, soluble starch, acetic acid and cellulose. The rate of the hydrolysis of cellulose was so low that this was shown to be the rate-limiting step in overall anaerobic digestion.
혐기성소화의 물질분해 특성에 미치는 CO2 분압의 영향
김영철,차기철,이무강,엄태규,야지달야 대한상하수도학회 1996 상하수도학회지 Vol.10 No.4
Effects of CO_2 partial pressure(pCO_2) on the characteristics of methane production rate and organic matter degradation in anaerobic digestion were investigated by using anaerobic chemostat type reactors at 35 ± 1℃, at the HRT of 7days. The pCO_2 of the reactors was controlled in the range from 0.1 to 0.8 atm. Since the pCO_2 in an uncontrolled condition was about 0.4atm, N_2 was added for the reactors controlled of pCO_2 of between 0.1 and 0.4atm. At pCO_2 of 0.5 atm, the methane production rate was approximately 20% more that in an uncontrolled condition of pCO_2. Based on the carbon mass balance, it was concluded that methane production was related to the increment of removal organic carbon and consumption of CO_2. At pCO_2 of 0.5atm, the methane production by the increment of removal substrates increased 13.6%, on the orther hand, hand, the methane production by the conversion of CO_2 to methane increased 6.4%.