Lifelong Machine Learning 기반 스팸 메시지 필터링 방법

안연선(Yeon-Sun Ahn),정옥란(Ok-Ran Jeong) 한국전기전자학회 2019 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.23 No.4

인터넷의 급속한 성장으로 데이터의 송수신의 편리성과 비용이 들지 않는다는 장점 때문에 매일 수백만 건의 무차별적인 광고성 스팸 문자와 메일이 발송되고 있다. 아직은 스팸 단어나 스팸 번호를 차단하는 방법을 주로 사용하지만, 기계 학습이 떠오름에 따라 스팸을 필터링하는 방법에 대해 다양한 방식으로 활발히 연구되고 있다. 그러나 스팸에서만 등장하는 단어나 패턴은 스팸 필터링 시스템에 의해 걸러지지 않기 위해 지속적으로 변화하고 있기 때문에, 기존 기계 학습 메커니즘으로는 새로운 단어와 패턴을 감지, 적응할 수 없다. 최근 이러한 기존 기계 학습의 한계점을 극복하기 위해 기존의 지식을 활용하여 새로운 지식을 지속적으로 학습하도록 하는 Lifelong Learning(이하 LL)의 개념이 대두되었다. 본 논문에서는 문서 분류에 가장 많이 사용되는 나이브 베이즈와 Lifelong Machine Learning(이하 LLML)의 앙상블 기법을 이용한 스팸 메시지 필터링 방법을 제안한다. 우리는 기존 스팸 필터링 시스템에 가장 많이 사용되는 나이브 베이즈와, LLML 모델 중 ELLA를 적용하여 LL의 성능을 검증한다. With the rapid growth of the Internet, millions of indiscriminate advertising SMS are sent every day because of the convenience of sending and receiving data. Although we still use methods to block spam words manually, we have been actively researching how to filter spam in a various ways as machine learning emerged. However, spam words and patterns are constantly changing to avoid being filtered, so existing machine learning mechanisms cannot detect or adapt to new words and patterns. Recently, the concept of Lifelong Learning emerged to overcome these limitations, using existing knowledge to keep learning new knowledge continuously. In this paper, we propose a method of spam filtering system using ensemble techniques of naive bayesian which is most commonly used in document classification and LLML(Lifelong Machine Learning). We validate the performance of lifelong learning by applying the model ELLA and the Naive Bayes most commonly used in existing spam filters.

초등학생이 지각한 수업의 질, 기본심리욕구, 수업참여, 학업성취도 간의 구조적 관계 분석

송재홍(Jae Hong Song),안연선(Yeon Sun Ahn),정은실(Eun Sil Jung) 한국교육심리학회 2014 敎育心理硏究 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생이 지각한 수업의 질과 기본심리욕구, 수업참여, 그리고 학업성취도 간의 구조적 관계를 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구는 교실의 수업 상황에서 초등학생이 지각하는 수업의 질이 그들의 기본심리욕구와 수업참여 그리고 학업성취도에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지와 관련해서 다각적인 경로를 규명하고 있다. 연구 대상은 제주특별자치도에 소재한 초등학교에 재학하고 있는 학생 844명(5학년 370명, 6학년 474명, 남자 442명, 여자 402명)이다. 측정 자료는 수업의 질, 기본심리욕구, 수업참여, 그리고 2013년 6월 도교육청에서 실시한 학력평가 자료에 기초한 학업성취도다. 측정 자료를 분석하기 위해 측정변수에 대한 기술통계와 상관계수 그리고 확인적 요인분석을 통해 측정모형의 타당성을 검증하였고, 구조방정식모형에 기초하여 잠재변수 간 공변량구조분석을 실시하였으며, 그리고 잠재변수 간 경로계수와 직ㆍ간접 효과 및 매개효과를 산출하고 그 유의도를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 초등학생이 지각한 수업의 질과 그들의 기본심리욕구, 수업참여, 학업성취도 간에 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타냈으며, 그들이 지각한 수업의 질은 그들의 기본심리욕구와 수업참여에 직접 혹은 간접적으로 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 두 잠재변수를 매개로 학업성취도에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 초등학생의 기본심리욕구는 그것이 학업성취도에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 배제할 때 그들의 수업참여를 매개로 학업성취도에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과에 기초해서 본 연구에서는 학업성취도를 높이기 위한 질 높은 교실수업의 방향을 논의하였고 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다. The purpose of the study was to examine the structural relationships between the perceived classroom quality, basic psychological needs, classroom engagement, and academic achievement with elementary school students. The subjects were 844 students(442 boys and 402 girls) enrolled in elementary schools. Measurements were classroom assessment scoring system, basic psychological needs, classroom engagement. and academic achievement that have obtained from Juju, Assessment of Educational Achievement in June, 2013. The major findings of this study are as follows. There was a direct correlation between the perceived classroom quality, basic psychological needs, classroom engagement and academic achievement. Perceived classroom quality had a significant direct and indirect effects on basic psychological needs and classroom engagement, and also had indirect effect on academic achievement. Basic psychological needs and classroom engagement had a mediating effect in relation between perceived classroom quality and academic achievement. Basic psychological needs had a significant direct and indirect effect on classroom engagement and academic achievement. Classroom engagement had a mediating effect in relation between basic psychological needs and academic achievement. The results suggest the need to improve classroom quality in order to get higher academic achievement in the elementary schools.

韓國女性史 定立을 위한 女性人物 類型硏究Ⅱ - 開港에서 3ㆍ1운동까지 -

조형(Cho Hyoung),최숙경(Choi Sook Kyung),이배용(Lee Bae Yong),전미란(Cheon Mi Ran),안연선(Ahn Yeon Sun),박진숙(Park Jin Sook) 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 1992 여성학논집 Vol.8 No.-

The period from 1876 to 1919(3.1 Independent Movement) covered in this paper was an era of upheaval in Korean history: the country first opened door to Japan and the west by the pressure of World Powers, and she was colonized by Japanese imperialism. While the period was detrimental to the nation as a whole, to women it was marked by the beginning of their access to modern education, modern occupations, and modern social activities. This paper aims to shed light on this change by examining the patterns of women's participation in politics, education, and economic and social activities. In Politics Politics had traditionally been a male domain and remained so until the period covered in this paper. However, women's active participation in political affairs, though informl, appeared. Those women can be categorized into three groups: court women, women of high officials and women organized for a national cause. There was no single woman who held an official position in the national politics, but court women who could easily access to the king as well as wives and concubines of high ranking officials made impact on politics, though indirectly through their husbands or men related to them personally. The most eminent figure among the court women was Empress Min (閔杞) who acted practically as a ruler during a short period. The threat of the national fate by Japanese imperialism aroused many women to protest against Japanese militia and the colonial rule. The movement for compensation of national debts and 3.1 Independent Movement were particularly notable in women's political activities. It suggests that women became aware of their duty to save the nation as its subjects and an integral part. In Modern Professions Modern professions in medicine, teaching, office and factory works first appeared during the period, and women (relatively female than man) became involved in these new professions. Women who were engaged in medical and educational jobs were the first professional women in Korea. They were not necessarily from aristocratic families, but from enlightened families or from lower classes that allowed these women to get modern education. With the introduction of capitalist production, wage earners in the manufacturing sector were newly emerged. These early wage laborers during the Japanese rule were largely women, who were engaged in the work traditionally perceived as women's such as spinning and weaving, separating stone from rice, rubbery, matches and tobacco processing and sericulture. Mostly from poor families, the motives of their employment was mainly an economic one, but in general they suffered from distress under the discriminatory low-income structure. In addition, they also suffered triple hardships by racial, social and class discriminations in the colonial labor market. Apart from these new kinds of jobs became available to women, such as office workers, bank tellers, telephone operators, and shop clerks. These white collar women workers received some modern education to be prepared for basic knowledge and technology for their jobs. Women's new access to modern educational system that facilitated women for modern economic and social activities was mainly through girls' schools established by foreign missionaries, government, male symphathizers as well as women. The women who established schools at that time were mostly educated in traditional learning (mainly Chinese classics), from north-west provinces, and largely "alienated women" such as widows, concubines, and Kisaeng(妓生 : entertaining women). However, court women and wives of high-ranking government officials also contributed to the early women's education, and women's organizations and institutions also founded schools. The major reason for establishing schools for girls was to modernize women in order for them to become wise mothers by which they participate in patriotic activities for the salvation of the national crisis.