로버트 오웬의 교육론의 성격

신희백 ( Hee Baek Shin ) 고려대학교 역사연구소 1992 사총 Vol.40 No.-

자폐스펙트럼장애의 운율 표현에 대한 메타분석

신희백(Hee Baek Shin),최지은(Ji eun Choi),김기숙(Ki sook Kim),이윤경(Yoon Kyoung Lee) 한국언어청각임상학회 2015 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.20 No.3

배경 및 목적: 자폐스펙트럼장애의 비전형적인 운율 표현 특성은 많은 연구들을 통해 보고되어 왔다. 본 연구는 메타분석을 통해 현재까지 이루어진 자폐스펙트럼장애 집단의 운율 특성을 체계적으로 검토하고, 운율 표현에서 일반 집단과의 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 주제어를 통해 국외 관련문헌을 검토한 후 연구의 포함과 제외기준에 따라 체계적으로 15편의 문헌을 선정하였다. 분석 자료에 대한 효과크기는 무선효과모델(random effect model)에 기반하여 산출하였다. 연구결과는 운율 표현 종속측정치(음도, 강도, 말속도, 억양 곡선), 언어 수준(단어, 문장, 단락)과 언어 샘플 수집 방법(모방, 이름대기, 읽기, 자발화)으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 결과: 메타분석을 실시한 결과, 자폐스펙트럼장애 집단은 일반 집단과 운율 표현에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 운율 표현 종속측정치 중 음도, 강도 말속도에서 집단 간 유의한 운율 표현 차이가 있었으며, 음도에서 가장 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 언어 수준에서도 집단 간 유의한 운율 표현 차이가 있었으며, 단어, 문장, 단락의 순으로 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 언어 샘플 수집 방법에서는 읽기와 자발화 과제에서만 집단 간 유의한 운율 표현의 차이를 보였으며, 자발화에서 가장 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 자폐스펙트럼장애 집단이 일반 집단과 운율 표현에서 차이가 있으며, 운율 표현은 종속측정치와 언어 수준, 언어 샘플 수집 방법에 따라 영향을 받는다는 것을 보여주었다. Objectives: Atypical prosodic expression in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) groups has been reported frequently. This study aimed to synthesize the results of previous studies on the prosody in ASD groups. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using a meta-analysis method (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis II [CMA2], 2005). Fifteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were entered into the analysis. The effect size was computed using a random effect model. Results: The results showed the following. Prosodic expres-sion of ASD group was significantly different from typically developing (TD) group. The sig-nificant differences were observed in pitch, loudness, and speech rate; the effect size of pitch was the largest one among the three measurements. The prosodic expression of ASD groups was significantly different according to the language units and sampling methods used for analysis. Paragraphs (among the language units) and spontaneous utterance (among the sampling methods) revealed the largest effect sizes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there were a significant difference between ASD's and TD's prosodic features. The results should provide an evidence-based rational for prosodic intervention with ASD groups.

문장유형에 따른 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 운율 특성

신희백(Shin, Hee Baek),최지은(Choi, Jieun),이윤경(Lee, YoonKyoung) 한국음성학회 2016 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the prosodic pattern of the children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder(HFASD) according to sentence type. The participants were 18 children aged from 7 - 9 years; 9 children with HFASD and 9 typical development children(TD) of the same chronological age with HFASD children. Sentence reading tasks were conducted in this study. Seven interrogative sentences and 7 declarative sentences were presented to the participants and were asked to read the sentences three times. Mean values of F0, F0 range, intensity, speech rate and pitch contour were measured for each sentence. The results showed that for F0 range, significant main effect and interaction effect were observed in the subject group and sentence type. There were significant differences in intensity, mean F0, speech rate, pitch contour across sentence types. The results of this study indicated that HFASD showed no difference in intonation across sentence types. Speakers’ intention may have a negative effect on pragmatic aspects. These results suggest that the assessment and intervention of prosody be important for HFASD.

파킨슨 환자의 클리어 스피치 전후 음향학적 공기역학적 특성

신희백(Shin, Hee Baek),고도흥(Ko, Do-Heung) 한국음성학회 2017 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.9 No.3

An increase in speech intelligibility has been found in Clear Speech compared to conversational speech. Clear Speech is defined by decreased articulation rates and increased frequency and length of pauses. The objective of the present study was to investigate improvement in immediate speech intelligibility in 10 patients with Parkinson’s disease (age range: 46 to 75 years) using Clear Speech. This experiment has been performed using the Phonatory Aerodynamic System 6600 after the participants read the first sentence of a Sanchaek passage and the “List for Adults 1” in the Sentence Recognition Test (SRT) using casual speech and Clear Speech. Acoustic and aerodynamic parameters that affect speech intelligibility were measured, including mean F0, F0 range, intensity, speaking rate, mean airflow rate, and respiratory rate. In the Sanchaek passage, use of Clear Speech resulted in significant differences in mean F0, F0 range, speaking rate, and respiratory rate, compared with the use of casual speech. In the SRT list, significant differences were seen in mean F0, F0 range, and speaking rate. Based on these findings, it is claimed that speech intelligibility can be affected by adjusting breathing and tone in Clear Speech. Future studies should identify the benefits of Clear Speech through auditory-perceptual studies and evaluate programs that use Clear Speech to increase intelligibility.

명료발화와 보통발화에서 파킨슨병환자 음성의 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 분석

신희백(Shin, Hee-Baek),심희정(Shim, Hee-Jeong),정훈(Jung, Hun),고도흥(Ko, Do-Heung) 한국음성학회 2018 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic characteristics of Parkinsonian speech, with respect to different utterance conditions, by employing acoustic/auditory-perceptual analysis. The subjects of the study were 15 patients (M=7, F=8) with Parkinson’s disease who were asked to read out sentences under different utterance conditions (clear/casual). The sentences read out by each subject were recorded, and the recorded speech was subjected to cepstrum and spectrum analysis using Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV). Additionally, auditory-perceptual evaluation of the recorded speech was conducted with respect to breathiness and loudness. Results indicate that in the case of clear speech, there was a statistically significant increase in the cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and a decrease in the L/H ratio SD(ratio of low to high frequency spectral energy SD) and CPP F0 SD values. In the auditory-perceptual evaluation, a decrease in breathiness and an increase in loudness were noted. Furthermore, CPP was found to be highly correlated to breathiness and loudness. This provides objective evidence of the immediate usefulness of clear speech intervention in improving the voice quality of Parkinsonian speech.

The Relationship between Acoustic and Perceptual Measurement of Prosodic Characteristics in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

Jieun Choi(최지은),Hee Baek Shin(신희백),YoonKyoung Lee(이윤경) 한국언어청각임상학회 2016 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.21 No.4

배경 및 목적: 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 비전형적인 운율 특성은 다른 사람과의 상호작용 시 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 운율 특성에 대해 음향학적 평가에서 나타나는 차이가 실제로도 지각되는지를 확인하고자 청지각적 평가를 함께 실시하고, 두 평가 간의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 운율에 대한 전반적 인상에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 연구대상은 7-9세 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동 11명, 생활연령 일치 일반아동 11명, 총 22명이었다. 분석에 사용한 모든 아동의 2-3개의 발화는 대화 자료에서 추출하였다. 운율 특성은 척도를 활용하여 언어병리학전공 학부생 40명에게 운율의 전반적 인상, 음도, 음도변화, 말속도를 청지각적으로 평가하도록 하였고, CSL을 사용하여 평균음도, 음도범위, 말속도를 음향학적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 청지각적 평가에서 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동은 일반아동에 비해 유의하게 높은 음도, 과도한 음도변화, 부자연스러운 전반적 인상을 가진 것으로 평가되었다. 음향학적 평가에서 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동은 유의하게 더 넓은 음도범위를 보였다. 두 집단 모두 청지각적 평가와 음향학적 평가의 말속도에서 유의한 정적상관을 보였으며, 자폐스펙트럼장애 집단에서만 청지각적 평가의 음도와 음향학적 평가의 음도범위에서 유의한 부적상관이 나타났다. 자폐스펙트럼장애 집단의 전반적 인상에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 청지각적 평가의 음도변화로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구결과를 통해 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 집단의 비전형적인 음향학적 운율 특성이 청지각적으로도 지각될 수 있음을 확인하였다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the prosodic pattern of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) according to acoustic and perceptual measurements and the relationships between them, and to identify the factors influencing the overall impression of prosody for HFASD. Methods: The participants were 11 children with HFASD age 7 to 9 years and 11 typically developing children matched for chronological age. Each participant’s longest 2-3 utterances within conversational samples were analyzed. The acoustics were analyzed by mean pitch, pitch range, and speech rate using Computerized Speech Lab (CSL). A perceptual measurement was performed by 40 speech language pathology students using a scale to measure the overall impression, pitch, pitch range, and speech rate. Results: The results were the following: in the perceptual measurement, the HFASD group showed significantly higher pitch, broader pitch range, and an atypical overall impression when compared with the TD group. In the acoustic measurement, the HFASD group revealed a significantly broader pitch range than the TD group. Speech rate showed correlation between the acoustic and perceptual measurement in both groups. For the HFASD group, there was significant correlation between the pitch range in the acoustic measurement and pitch in the perceptual measurement. Pitch range in the perceptual measurement was a significant predictor of overall impression. Conclusion: We discussed the prosodic patterns of children with HFASD based on these results.

식도발성화자 음성의 spectral & cepstral 분석

심희정(Shim, Hee-Jeong),장효령(Jang, Hyo-Ryung),신희백(Shin, Hee-Baek),고도흥(Ko, Do-Heung) 한국음성학회 2014 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze spectral versus cepstral measurements in esophageal speakers. The comparison between the measurements in thirteen male esophageal speakers was compared with the control group of thirteen normal speakers using the sustained vowel /a/. The main results can be summarized as below: (a) the CPP and L/H ratio of the esophageal group were significantly lower than those of the control group (b) the CPP was significantly correlated with the spectral parameters such as jitter, shimmer, NHR and VTI, and (c) the ROC analysis showed that the threshold of 10.25dB for the CPP achieved a good classification for esophageal speakers, with 100% perfect sensitivity and specificity. Thus, it was known that cepstral-based acoustic measures such as CPP, may be more reliable predictors than other spectral-based acoustic measures such as jitter and shimmer. And it was found that cepstral-based acoustic measures were effective in distinguishing esophageal voice quality from normal voice quality. This research will contribute to establishing a baseline related to speech characteristics in voice rehabilitation with laryngectomees.

식도발성 환자의 음향학적 특성과 음성장애지수의 상관성

장효령(Jang, Hyo-Ryung),심희정(Shim, Hee-Jeong),신희백(Shin, Hee-Baek),고도흥(Ko, Do-Heung),김현기(Kim, Hyun-ki) 한국음성학회 2014 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.6 No.2

This paper investigates the relationship between acoustic characteristics and voice handicap index for 29 males with esophageal speakers. Acoustic characteristics were measured by using a sustained vowel /a/ three times. The stable vocalization for 2 seconds was analyzed by MDVP program. Specifically, relationships between four VHI scores (total, functional, physical, and emotional) and three acoustic characteristics (jitter, shimmer, and NHR) were investigated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. As results, we found no relationship between NHR and VHI scores. However, both jitter and shimmer had statistically significant correlations with all four VHI scores. This research will contribute to establishing a baseline related to speech characteristics in voice rehabilitation with esophageal speakers. Further research could be done to examine the overall quality of life survey, which is widely used as a subjective measure about voice for patients with esophageal speakers.