과학 창의적 문제해결력 향상을 위한 초등 과학 단원정리 학습 프로그램 개발

신원섭 ( Won-sub Shin ) 韓國生物敎育學會 2016 생물교육 Vol.44 No.3

The purpose of this research is to develop the Elementary Science Unit Wrapup Learning(ESUWL) program to improve science creative problem solving ability of elementary students. The ESUWL program was developed, including teaching strategies, science concept cards and teaching and learning plan. This program was applied to elementary education in order to verify effectiveness. The subjects were elementary school 6th grade 160 students and were composed of the experimental group and the comparison group each 80 students. To verify the effectiveness of the ESUWL program conducted a test of science-related attitudes, creativity, science knowledge and surveys. The results of this research are as follows. First, the post-test results for science-related attitudes, the interest about science learning and science, creativity, spontaneity and cooperativity were improved. Second, post-test results for science creativity, the average score of creativity in the experimental group was statistically significantly higher than that of the comparison group. Third, the post-test results for science knowledge, the average score of science knowledge in the experimental group were statistically significant compared to the control group. Fourth, it is the most effective way that students actually participate in creative problem-solving activities in order to improve elementary science creativity. Finally, the results of this study should expect help improve creative problem solving ability in elementary science education.

초등과학 교육연구에서 시선추적 연구방법의 고찰

신원섭 ( Shin Won Sub ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2016 초등과학교육 Vol.35 No.3

The purpose of this study is a review of previous studies and principles of eye-tracking techniques that are actively applied in recent elementary science education. Also it proposes to utilize the direction of eye tracking techniques in elementary science education research. Recent eye-tracking technology was developed, using the infrared pupil and the corneal reflection can be safely and accurately track the eye movements of the participants. Eye tracking has the advantage of higher temporal resolution, accessibility, convenience, objectivity, stability and safety. Analysis of the previous studies, there was a difference in the study design and analysis. The workshops and seminars are needed for accurate understanding of eye-tracking method in elementary science education research. In conclusion, the eye-tracking can be utilized such as effectiveness analysis of teaching materials and media, behaviors analysis of teachers and students in a real class, cognitive strategies and attention analysis of the student, discriminating tool of various education evaluation, etc.

‘초등과학교육’ 학술지의 변천 과정에 따른 연구 동향 분석(1983∼2020년)

신원섭 ( Shin¸ Won-sub ),박형민 ( Park¸ Hyoung-min ),김남일 ( Kim¸ Nam-il ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2021 초등과학교육 Vol.40 No.4

This study aims to analyze research trends by the period of elementary science education journal. A total of 1047 papers were analyzed from Volume 1 No. 1 in 1983 to Volume 39 No. 4 in 2020. The results of the study are as follows: First, the period of elementary science education journals was divided into infancy, settlement, development, and retainment period according to the number of papers. Second, the ratio of research by more than three scholars, pure or funded research was decreasing. Third, the study subjects had a high rate of research on elementary school students and elementary school teachers. Fourth, research methods were mainly research studies and experimental studies, and qualitative analysis and mixed analysis studies were increasing as data analysis methods. Fifth, the occupation of the first author was professor (45.6%), teacher (39.8%), graduate student (10.6%), and researcher (1.7%) in that order. Sixth, the regions of the corresponding author were concentrated in Seoul and Gyeongin, the metropolitan areas. Finally, in order for the “Elementary Science Education” journal to continue to play a pivotal role in leading elementary science education in the future, efforts to improve the overall journal and continuous participation and cooperation of domestic and foreign researchers, academic executives, members, and educational institutions are required.

온라인 학습에서 머신러닝을 활용한 초등 4학년 식물 분류 학습의 적용 사례 연구

신원섭 ( Shin Won-sub ),신동훈 ( Shin Dong-hoon ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2021 초등과학교육 Vol.40 No.1

This study is a case study that applies plant classification learning using machine learning to fourth graders in elementary school in online learning situations. In this study, a plant classification learning education program associated with 2015 revision science curriculum was developed by applying the Artificial Intelligence biological classification teaching Learning model. The study participants were 31 fourth graders who agreed to participate voluntarily. Plant classification learning using machine learning was applied six hours for three weeks. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of image analysis on artificial intelligence, participants were mainly aware of artificial intelligence as mechanical (27%), human (23%) and household goods (23%). Second, an artificial intelligence recognition survey by semantic discrimination found that artificial intelligence was recognized as smart, good, accurate, new, interesting, necessary, and diverse. Third, there was a difference between men and women in perception and emotion of artificial intelligence, and there was no difference in perception of the ability of artificial intelligence. Fourth, plant classification learning using machine learning in this study influenced changes in artificial intelligence perception. Fifth, plant classification learning using machine learning in this study had a positive effect on reasoning ability.

2007ㆍ2009 개정 초등 과학 교과서 ‘우리 몸의 구조와 기능’ 단원의 편집디자인에 따른 초등학생들의 시각적 주의 분석

신원섭 ( Shin Won-sub ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2017 초등과학교육 Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visual attention of elementary school students according to the editorial design of the 2007·2009 revised elementary science textbook ‘Structure and function of our body’. For this purpose, eye movements were collected while elementary school students were watching real textbooks wearing mobile eye tracker. The BeGaze 3.7 program of SMI company was used analyzing eye movements. Twenty-six elementary school students participated voluntarily in mobile tracking research. Elementary students learned the contents of textbook related to ‘digestive organ’ and ‘respiratory organ’ by using double reading learning strategy. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of pre- and post-knowledge tests, there was no statistically significant difference in learning effect between 2007 revised and 2009 revised textbook editing design. Second, elementary school students tended to give more visual attention to text than textbook illustrations. Third, the selective attention and persistent attention of elementary students showed a very strong positive correlation (.940), but the selective attention and self-control showed a strong positive correlation (.499). Fourth, students with high level of attention and low level showed high visual occupancy in text than in illustrations. Fifth, elementary school students preferred the 2009 revised science textbook to the 2007 revised.

관찰 문제에서 초등학생의 과학 학업성취도에 따른 안구운동 분석

신원섭 ( Won Sub Shin ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2013 초등과학교육 Vol.32 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between eye movements according to science achievement of elementary school students in observation situation. Science achievement was based on the results of national achievement test conducted in 2012, a random sampling of classes. As an assessment tool to check observation test, two observation measure problems from TSPS (Test of Science Process Skill; developed in 1994) suitable for eye tracking system are adopted. The subjects of this study were twenty students of sixth grade who agreed to participate in the research. SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments)` iView XTM RED was used to collect eye movement data and Experiment 3.1 and BeGaze 3.1 program were used to plan and analyze experiment. As a result, eye movements in observation test varied greatly in fixation duration, frequency, saccade, saccade velocity and ey blink according to students` science achievement. Based on the result of eye movements analysis, heuristic search eye movement was discussed as an alternative to improve underachievers` science achievement.

초등 교사들의 과학교과서 그래프 이해 과정에 대한 안구 운동 분석

신원섭 ( Won Sub Shin ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2012 초등과학교육 Vol.31 No.3

The purpose of this study was to find a way to improve the science textbook graph through analyzing teachers`` interpretation process with eye movement tracking when they try to read the science textbook graph. Participants in this project were 10 elementary school teachers while bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts in 2007 revision science textbooks were used as materials. SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments)`` iView X TM RED 120 Hz was used in order to collect eye movement data. Although subjects paid attention to the title of the graph at first, the consequence of the eye fixation was changed by the composition of the graph in case of the rest of areas. In particular, the flow of visual attention and fixation time were affected by the form and configuration of the graph. The diversity of graph construction caused confusion in interpreting graphs; the manner of presenting title, the difference of background colors, size of characters, the name of X-axis and Y-axis. Out results showed that the conformation of graphs as well as the presentation of each factor should be composed in accordance with the educational purpose for helping users to easier understanding.

초등과학부진학생의 기초과학탐구능력 향상을 위한 중재프로그램 개발 -안구운동을 중심으로-

신원섭 ( Won Sub Shin ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ) 한국과학교육학회 2014 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.34 No.8

이 연구는 초등과학부진학생들의 기초과학탐구능력을 향상하기 위해 중재프로그램을 개발하고 안구추적기를 활용해 중재프로그램의 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 연구 참여자는 초등과학부진학생 35명이었다. 안구운동추적기는 SMI사의 iView XTM RED로 고정형이고 샘플링 속도는 120 Hz이었다. 실험을 설계하고 분석하기 위해 Experiment 3.4와 BeGaze 3.4 프로그램을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 기초탐구 교수전략, 교사 . 학생 행동, 교수-학습지도안, 학습 활동지를 포함하여 중재프로그램을 개발하였다. 둘째, 중재프로그램 적용결과 기초과학탐구능력이 향상되었고 전체 문제해결시간이 통계적으로 유의미하게 줄어들었다. 셋째, 기초과학탐구 문제영역과 핵심단어에 대한 평균응시시간이 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하였다. 넷째, 기초과학탐구문제해결과정에서 동공 크기(pupil diameter)가 통계적으로 유의미하게 확장되었다. 다섯째, 기초과학탐구문제해결과정에서 평균도약시간(average saccade time)은 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하였다. 여섯째, 문제 단서영역에 대한 평균응시도입시간(average fixation entry time)은 통계적으로 유의미하게 빨라졌고, 평균응시시간은 통계적으로 유의미하게 줄어들었다. The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention program for improvement of elementary science-poor students`` Basic Science Process Skill (BSPS) and to validate the intervention program``s effectiveness using eye-tracker. The participants of this study were 35 elementary science-poor students. This study``s method was the analysis of real-time eye movements during basic science process skill problem solving. SMI``s 120 Hz iView XTM RED was used to collect EMD (eye movement data). Experiment 3.4 and BeGaze 3.4 programs were used to design experiment and to analyze EMD. The results of this study are as follows. First, we developed an intervention program including BSPS instructional strategy, behavior of teachers & student according instructional strategy stage, teachinglearning plan and learning note. Second, science poor students`` BSPS ability has improved statistically significantly through the application of intervention program and BSPS problem-solving time decreased statistically significantly. Third, AFT (average fixation time) of BSPS Question and keyword area decreased statistically significantly. Fourth, APD (average pupil diameter) of BSPS problem-solving process expanded statistically significantly. Fifth, AST (average saccade time) of BSPS problem-solving process increased statistically significantly. Sixth, AFET (average fixation entry time) of BSPS problem-clue area was accelerated statistically significantly, AFT of BSPS problem-clue area reduced statistically significantly.

안구운동추적기반 기초과학탐구능력 향상을 위한 교수-학습 전략 개발

신원섭 ( Shin Won-sub ),신동훈 ( Shin Dong-hoon ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2015 한국초등과학교육학회 학술대회 Vol.68 No.-

본 연구는 초등과학부진학생들의 기초과학탐구능력을 향상하기 위해 교수-학습 전략을 개발하고 안구추적기를 활용해 교수-학습 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 연구 참여자는 초등과학부진학생 35명이었다. 안구운동추적기는 SMI사의 iView XTM RED로 고정형이고 샘플링 속도는 120 Hz이었다. 실험을 설계하고 분석하기 위해 Experiment 3.4와 BeGaze 3.4 프로그램을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 기초탐구능력향상을 위한 교수전략, 교사ㆍ학생 행동, 교수-학습지도안, 학습 활동지를 개발하였다. 둘째, 프로그램 적용결과 기초과학탐구능력이 향상되었고 전체 문제해결시간이 통계적으로 유의미하게 줄어들었다. 셋째, 기초과학탐구 문제영역과 핵심단어에 대한 평균응시시간이 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하였다. 넷째, 기초과학탐구문제해결과정에서 동공 크기(pupil diameter)가 통계적으로 유의미하게 확장되었다. 다섯째, 기초과학탐구문제해결과정에서 평균도약시간(average saccade time)은 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하였다. 여섯째, 문제 단서영역에 대한 평균응시도입시간(average fixation entry time)은 통계적으로 유의미하게 빨라졌고, 평균응시시간은 통계적으로 유의미하게 줄어들었다. The purpose of this study is to develop Teaching and Learning Strategies for improvement of Basic Science Process Skill(BSPS) and to validate the program’s effectiveness using eye-tracker. The participants of this study were 35 elementary science poor students. This study’s method was the analysis of real time eye movements during basic science process skill problem solving. SMI's 120 Hz iView XTM RED was used to collect EMD(eye movement data). Experiment 3.4 and BeGaze 3.4 programs were used to design experiment and to analyze EMD. The results of this study were as in the following. First, we developed an intervention program including BSPS instructional strategy, behavior of teachers & student according instructional strategy stage, teaching-learning plan and learning note. Second, science poor students’ BSPS ability was improved statistically significant through application of intervention program and BSPS problem solving time was decreased statistically significantly. Third, AFT(average fixation time) of BSPS Question and keyword area was decreased statistically significant. Fourth, APD(average pupil diameter) of BSPS problem-solving process was expanded statistically significantly. Fifth, AST(average saccade time) of BSPS problem-solving process was increased statistically significant. Sixth, AFET(average fixation entry time) of BSPS problem-clue area was accelerated statistically significant, AFT of BSPS problem-clue area was reduced statistically significant.

초등과학 탐구수업이 초등예비교사의 과학에 대한 태도, 과학 교수학습관 및 과학교수 개인 효능감에 미치는 효과

신원섭 ( Won-sub Shin ) 韓國生物敎育學會 2016 생물교육 Vol.44 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the elementary science inquiry classes on the 29 pre-service elementary teachers’ attitude toward science, perception of science teaching-learning and personal science teaching efficacy. The research method was a single group pre-post test. In order to compensate for the limitations of this study we interviewed and analyzed the statements and challenges comment of pre-service elementary teachers additionally. The results were as follows. First, paired sample t-test for the attitudes toward science of elementary preservice teachers, there was no statistically significant difference. Second, paired sample t-test for the perception of science teaching-learning of elementary pre-service teachers was a statistically significant difference. The elementary science inquiry classes had a positive effect on the formation of constructivist science teaching and learning perspective for elementary pre-service teachers. Third, paired sample ttest for the personal science teaching efficacy of elementary pre-service teachers had a statistically significant difference. The elementary science inquiry classes had a positive effect on the formation of science teaching personal efficacy for elementary pre-service teachers.