배부식 분무기 노즐이 들깻잎의 농약잔류에 미치는 영향

손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),강태경(Tae Kyeong Kang),박병준(Byeong Jun Park),진용덕(Yong-Duk Jin),길근환(Geun-Hwan Gil),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),김진배(Jin Bae Kim),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),이기운(Key-woon Lee) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This study was carried out to clarify the effects of the application of pesticide by different spray nozzle types on pesticide residues. The average droplet size and discharge rate were investigated when the manual compressed sprayer with two head disk type nozzle and the knapsack engine powered sprayer with two head fan shape nozzles were used. The fan type nozzles were classified into three types by the number of orifice in the nozzle. Three type nozzles tested were fan with one orifice, fan with two orifices and fan with three orifices. Fan (trade name : D-3) with 2.4 L/min. of the discharge rate and 76 μm of the average droplet size while maintaining constant pressure 1.1 ± 0.2 MPa, and fan D-35 with 2.6 L/min. and 90 μm while maintaining constant pressure 1.0±0.2 MPa were appropriate. The orifice size of D-3 was 0.65 mm length × 0.45 mm width and the orifice size of D-35 was 0.62 mm length × 0.46 mm width. The residue levels of imidacloprid on perilla leaves among four applications by four different nozzles show significantly difference with 5% significance level. The residue levels 3.76~3.92 mg kg^?1 by fan or disk type is smaller than 4.52~4.92 mg kg^?1 by fan II or fan III. The residue levels of imidacloprid on perilla leaf were different depend on the spray nozzles type.

우리나라 성인 고혈압환자의 외래진료 지속성과 이에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

손경애(Son, Kyung-Ae),김윤신(Kim, Yoon-shin),홍민희(Hong, Min-hee),정미애(Jeong, Mi-Ae) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.6

본 연구는 행정자료인 건강보험 및 의료급여비용 청구자료를 이용하였으며, 일개지역(2개도, 남․북)에 개설 되어있는 전체 의료기관을 대상으로 진료일 기준 ‘08.7월~’08.12월(184일)동안 외래 방문이 1회 이상인 30세 이상의 수진자 485,953명을 대상으로 하였다. 진료지속성과 영향 요인을 분석한 결과 다음과 같다. 우리나라 성인 고혈압 환 자의 평균 진료지속성 수준은 MMCI, 0.96±0.13, MFPC 0.96±0.12으로 높게 나타났다. 외래진료 지속성에 영향을 미 치는 요인으로는 여성일수록, 55세~64세 이상 연령일수록, 동반상병이 있을수록 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았으며, 주 이용기관이 상위 종별일수록 통계적으로 유의하게 MMCI와 MFPC 모두 높게 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라 성 인 고혈압환자의 평균 진료지속성 수준은 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 여성, 64세 이상 연령 등 진료지속성이 낮은 대상 자에 대한 관리가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 이 연구 결과는 우리나라 고혈압환자들의 건강관리 행태를 모니터하는 지표 및 국가의 고혈압관리사업의 성과지표로써 활용할 수 있을 것이다. The administration data of the national health insurance and health insurance bills were utilized in this study. The data of 485,953 patients who were at the age of 30 and up and used the out-patient departments of every medical institution located in some regions involving two southern and northern provinces once or more during a 184-day period from July to December, 2008. As a result of analyzing their Continuity of Ambulatory Care and factors affecting it, the following findings were given: The continuity of ambulatory care among the adult patients with hypertension in our country turned out to be on a high level(MMCI 0.96±0.13, MFPC 0.96±0.12). Given examining the outpatient medical-cure continuity level according to index, the averagely medical-cure continuity level was calculated to be high level with MMCI, 0.96±0.13, and MFPC 0.96±0.12. Thus, the tendency of visiting only one medical provider was high. The findings of the study illustrated that the average continuity of ambulatory care among the adult patients with hypertension in our country was on a high level, and it seemed that special care should be provided to patients with a low-level continuity of ambulatory care, such as women and elderly people aged 64 and over. The findings of the study are expected to serve as one of the barometers for the health care of patients with hypertension and for the performance of national hypertension management plans.

고추와 착색단고추 재배 중 사용한 Chlorpyrifos의 잔류특성

손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),권혜영(Hyeyoung Kwon),김진배(Jin Bae Kim),진용덕(Yong-Duk Jin),김택겸(Taek-Kyum Kim),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),길근환(Geun-Hwan Gil),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),이기운(Key-woon Lee) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

시설재배 풋고추 및 착색단고추의 재배과정 중 살포되는 chlorpyrifos의 잔류특성을 밝히고자 재배시기 및 약제살포 방법별 잔류량을 조사, 평가하였다. 고추의 재배시기별 열매 중 chlorpyrifos 잔류는 하절기(6~7월)에 비해 동절기(2~3월)에 1.5~2.7배 높게 검출되었다. 동절기 재배중인 풋고추와 착색단고추에 7일 간격 3회 약제 살포 후 1∼10일 동안의 잔류량을 비교하였다. 고추 중 잔류량은 1일차 2.070에서 10일차 0.929 mg kg?1로 감소하였으며, 착색단고추는 1일차 0.302에서 10일차 0.291 mg kg?1으로 감소하여 두 농산물간의 농약잔류량은 6.9~3.2배 차이를 보였다. 착색단고추에 약제를 3일과 7일 간격으로 3회 살포 후 1~10일 동안의 농약잔류량은 각각 0.498~0.291, 0.302~0.267 mg kg?1 범위였다. 착색단고추에 살포농도를 표준량과 배량으로 처리하였을 때 열매 중 농약의 잔류농도는 배량 처리시 2.5배 정도 높았으며, 살포 물량을 달리 했을 때의 영향은 거의 없었다.

농약 살포조건이 고추열매 중 잔류에 미치는 영향

손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),강태경(Tae Kyeong Kang),박병준(Byeong Jun Park),김택겸(Taek-Kyum Kim),길근환(Geun-Hwan Gil),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),김진배(Jin Bae Kim),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),이기운(Key-woon Lee) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This study was carried out to clarify effects of field location and sprayer on the level of pesticide residue in chilli peppers. As confirmed by statistical analysis, the residue levels in green pepper among three greenhouses did not show significant difference at the first day after spraying with the same engine sprayer and nozzle. But the residue levels in green peppers collected from the exposed outside of crop were 2 times higher than those from the hidden inside. The sampling site was one of variation elements of pesticide residue. The residue levels after application by knapsack engine powered sprayer were 1.7 times higher than those by manual compressed sprayer. As the spraying pressure of the engine power sprayer is 2 times higher than the commonly used pressure of the manual compressed sprayer, the pressure of the sprayer and nozzles were considered to affect on the residue levels in peppers.

교사의 직무스트레스와 직무만족 간의 관계에서 조직몰입의 조절효과에 관한 연구

손경애(Son Kyung Ae),고종욱(Ko Jong-Wook) 한국교육행정학회 2006 敎育行政學硏究 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구는 교사의 직무스트레스-직무만족 간의 관계에서 조직몰입의 조절효과를 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 전국 30개 초중등학교 교사 600명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 단계적 회귀분석방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 조사결과, 직무스트레스는 직무만족에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(역할모호성, β=-.136; 역할부담, β=-.197). 한편, 조직몰입 변인들 중에서 지속적 몰입은 직무만족에 대한 역할모호성의 부정적 영향을 더욱 악화시키는 것으로 나타난 반면, 정감적 몰입(β=.436)과 규범적 몰입(β=.095)은 직무만족에 단지 정의 영향만 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 직무만족의 증진을 위해서 교사의 직무스트레스를 줄이고 정감적 몰입과 규범적 몰입을 증대시킬 필요가 있지만, 지속적 몰입의 증대는 직무만족의 향상으로 이어지지 않음을 강조하였다. This study examined the moderating effects of organizational commitment on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among teachers. The study facilitated a questionnaire survey for 600 teachers from 30 elementary and secondary schools nationwide. A hierarchical regression analysis was employed as a statistical tool. The study results confirmed that job stress was negatively related to job satisfaction(role ambiguity, β=-.136; role overload, β=-.197). In contrast, although continuous commitment was found to deteriorate the negative effects of role ambiguity(β=-.128) on job satisfaction, affective and normative patterns of organizational commitment were observed to be positively related to job satisfaction(affective, β=.436; continuance, β=.076; normative, β=.095). The study emphasizes that in order to improve teachers' job satisfaction, overall job stress should be lessened as well as affective and normative patterns of organizational commitment of teachers being enhanced; however, enhancement of continuous commitment does not connect to the improved job satisfaction of teachers.

입제 농약 처리 후 토양 혼화깊이에 따른 상추 중 hexaconazole, thifluzamide 잔류량 비교

손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),이은영(Eun Young Lee),이희동(Hee Dong Lee),박성은(Sung-eun Park),이지원(Ji-won Lee),김이선(Leesun Kim),박지호(Jiho Park),박정훤(Jeong-Hwon Park),김윤한(Yun-han Kim) 한국농약과학회 2021 농약과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

This study investigated how the tillage depth in soil affected the residue of hexaconazole and thifluzamide in lettuce for understanding the appropriate pesticide residue management of the soil and crops. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was planted after the granule type of combined pesticides were applied to the soil and two different depths of tillage (Method 1 and 2) were performed in the soil. The soil was slightly turned over in 5 cm depth in the method 1. The soil was completely turned over in 15 cm depth in the method 2. The residue concentrations in lettuce leaves harvested at 19 or 27 days after planting were 0.02-0.05 mg/kg in the method 1 and 0.01-0.05 mg/kg in the method 2 for hexaconazole and <0.01-0.02 mg/kg in the method 1 and in the method 2 for thifluzamide. The residue concentrations of hexaconazole in lettuce from the method 1 were statistically higher than those from the method 2, but it could not be determined whether the residual concentrations of thifluzamide in lettuce were different between the two methods. In the lower leaves of lettuce harvested at 27 days after planting, hexaconazole remained at a level of 0.04-0.06 mg/kg in the method 1 and 0.02 mg/kg in the method 2. Meanwhile, the residual level of thifluzamide was 0.01-0.04 mg/kg, and was below the limit of quantitation (0.01m g/kg) in method 2. The maximum concentration of hexaconazole (0.06 mg/kg) and thifluzamide (0.04 mg/kg) in the lower part of leaves were twice higher than the average residues in all the edible leaves. In conclusion, the results showed that residues in lettuce may have been affected by the differences of tillage depth.

녹색꽃양배추, 양상추, 상추 수확 후 토양 중 농약의 잔류량 조사

손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),이효섭(Hyo Sub Lee),이은영(Eun Young Lee),이희동(Hee Dong Lee),박성은(Sung-eun Park),이지원(Ji-won Lee),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),조범행(Buemhaeng Cho),김윤한(Yun-han Kim) 한국농약과학회 2020 농약과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study was carried out to confirm the necessity of a residual test after PLS because some pesticide components remain in the soil and are absorbed into the succeeding crop, which may exceed 0.01 mg/kg on a default MRL. Broccoli, head lettuce and lettuce were cultivated after applying pesticide granules according to the standards for safe use of pesticides, and pesticide residues in the soil and crops at harvest period were investigated. On the 31st day after granulation treatment, lettuce was planted. The soil was drip irrigation during the test period. The residual amounts of cadusafos in broccoli and pencycuron in head lettuce were less than 0.01 mg/kg of the quantitative limit, and fluopyram in broccoli and flutolanil in head lettuce exceeded 0.01 mg/kg in the reference amount and doubling treatment. The residual amount in the soil was 0.2-3.58 mg/kg, which was more than 40% of the theoretical treatment concentration. When the lettuce was planted on the 2nd day after the hexaconazole granule treatment, the residual amount was <0.01 mg/kg in harvest. But when the plot was drip-irrigated for 1 month after treatment and lettuce was planted on the 31st day, hexaconazole was 0.02 mg/kg in harvest. Through this test, it was confirmed that in the case of granules that were released slowly after treatment in the soil, a significant amount of pesticide could remain in the soil even if the pesticide was not detected in the crop. And if sufficient water is supplied to the soil, it is likely to be transferred to the succeeding crop. Therefore, it is considered that the plant back intervals and the MRL for the rotational crops on pesticides with a high possibility of remaining in rotational crops should be established through the pesticide residue test for succeeding crop.

농약 잔류 시험을 위한 연속수확 엽채소류의 외삽

손경애(Son Kyeong-Ae),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),길근환(Geun-Hwan Gil),진용덕(Yong-Duk Jin),김진배(Jinba Kim),임양빈(Yang Bin Ihm),고현석(Hyeon Seok Ko),김장억(Jang Eok Kim) 한국농약과학회 2013 농약과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the pesticide residue pattern among different leafy vegetables applied with foliar spraying under greenhouse and to check extrapolating from some residue trial data to other minor crops. Leafy vegetables used in this study were: Mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), Kale (Brassica oleracea L.), Dacheongchae (a kind of pak-choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.)), Leaf broccoli (Brassica oleracea var alboglabra), Perilla leaf (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. Frutescens), Leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) and Red leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi). These are cultivated all year under indoor or outdoor and cut the leaf from plant continuously during harvest time. The amounts of pesticide deposit in/on the continuous harvesting leafy vegetables were affected by the ratios of leaf area to weight. Ratio of perilla leaf was the largest among crops as 58 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/g. The residue levels of 7 pesticides in/on perilla leaf were the highest than those of other crops through the statistical analysis from zero day to fifth day after last application. The representative crop in 8 crops was perilla leaf selected based on the amounts of daily consumption and the high residues. This study suggest that the continuous harvesting leafy greens should be separated from the one time harvesting leafy vegetables for the pesticide recommendations because of different harvesting habits and pre-harvest intervals.

농약의 노출 평가를 위한 수계예측모형의 적용

손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),김찬섭(Chan-Sub Kim),길근환(Geun-Hwan Gil),김택겸(Taek-Kyum Kim),권혜영(Hyeyoung Kwon),김진배(Jinbae Kim),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),임양빈(Yang-Bin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2014 농약과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Pesticide is used to protect the crops, but also become a cause of polluting the environment. Perform a risk assessment using physical and chemical properties, environmental fate and toxicity data in order to determine the pesticide registration. The aquatic model estimates pesticide concentrations in water bodies that result from pesticide applications to rice paddies and apple orchard. The used models are the PRZM, EXAMS and AGRO shell (PA5), Rice Water Quality Model (RICEWQ) and Screening Concentration In GROund Water (SCI-GROW). The residual concentration of water body was estimated using meteorological data, crop calendar and soil series of Korea. The chosen pesticides were butachlor, carbofuran, iprobenfos and tebuconazole. It has shown the potential that the RICEWQ is possible to predict residue level in water of butachlor and iprobenfos, because the maximum value in water monitoring data is lower than the peak concentration of the model, and the minimum value is lower than the average annual concentration of the model. But RICEWQ was insufficient to predict exposure concentrations in ground water. The estimated exposure concentrations of carbofuran in ground water is very higher than in surface water because of its low soil adsorption coefficient. Although tebuconazole were not detected in the water monitoring that means very low concentration, it is possible that the PA5 can be used to predict residue level in water.

고혈압 환자의 투약순응도와 영향 요인 분석

손경애(Son, Kyung-Ae),김윤신(Kim, Yoon-shin),홍민희(Hong, Min-hee),정미애(Jeong, Mi-Ae) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.5

본 연구는 행정자료인 건강보험 및 의료급여비용 청구자료를 이용하였으며, 일개지역(2개도, 남․북)에 개설되 어있는 전체 의료기관을 대상으로 진료일 기준 ‘08.7월~’08.12월(184일)동안 외래 방문이 1회 이상인 30세 이상의 수 진자 432,915명을 대상으로 하였다. 투약순응도와 영향 요인을 분석한 결과 아래와 같다. 연구대상자의 투약순응도 평균은 61.5%로 나타났으며, 이는 분석대상기간 6개월(184일)동안 약 113일 정도 처방 받 았음을 의미하며, 투약순응군 비율은 13.0%에 불과하였다. 고혈압상병(주․부상병)으로 외래를 방문한 평균 횟수는 4.3 일, 방문한 기관수는 평균 1.1곳이었고, 한곳의 의료기관만을 이용한 환자가 전체의 94.9%로 나타났다. 당뇨병을 동 반상병으로 가지고 있는 환자가 11.6%로 가장 많았고 고혈압 환자의 23.3%가 동반상병을 가지고 있었다. 투약순응 도는 남성, 건강보험 가입자, 종합전문을 주이용기관으로 이용하는 환자, 동반상병을 가지고 있는 환자에서 높게 나 타났으며, 65-74세까지 투약 순응도가 증가하다가 그 후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 투약순응도에 영향을 미치는 요인 으로는 남성, 55-64세, 건강보험 가입자가, 종합전문, 종합병원, 보건기관을 주 이용기관으로 방문하는 환자와 심장질 환, 당뇨병을 동반상병으로 가지고 있는 환자에서 투약순응도가 높았다. 이상의 연구결과 투약 순응도가 낮은 환자에 대한 다양한 요인분석이 필요하며, 투약 순응도를 높이기 위한 고혈압관리사업의 정책적 검토 및 대안이 필요할 것 이다. 또한 고혈압 환자의 경우 당뇨 등 동반상병 비율이 높아 저염식, 금연 등 올바른 생활습관 관리를 위한 체계 적 보건교육과 홍보 프로그램을 개발할 필요성이 요구된다. The administration data of the national health insurance and health insurance bills were utilized in this study. The data of 432,915 patients who were at the age of 30 and up and used the out-patient departments of every medical institution located in some regions involving two southern and northern provinces once or more during a 184-day period from July to December. As a result of analyzing their prescription compliance and factors affecting it, the following findings were given: The average rate of the prescription compliance of the patients stood at 61.5 percent. It denoted that they were prescribed to take medicine for approximately 113 days during the six-month(184 days) period of time, and the rate of the patients who complied with the prescriptions just stood at 13.0 percent. They used out-patient department for 4.3 days on the average due to hypertension and they visited 1.1 medical institutions on the average. 94.9 percent just used a medical institution. The largest group (11.6%) suffered from diabetes as co-morbidity, and 23.3 percent of the hypertensives had co-morbidity. Concerning the relationship between their characteristics and prescription compliance, those who were male, who were beneficiaries of the national health insurance, who mainly used general hospitals and who suffered from co-morbidity complied better with the prescription they got. Their prescription compliance got better at the age of 65 to 74 and got worse afterwards. As for factors affecting their prescription compliance, the patients who were male, who were aged between 55 and 64 and who were beneficiaries of the national health insurance, who mainly used specialized general hospitals, general hospitals and public health centers and who had heart diseases and diabetes as co-morbidity complied better with the prescriptions. The above-mentioned findings of the study suggested that it's needed to make a factor analysis of the poor prescription compliance of patients from diverse angles, and that existing hypertension care plans should carefully be reviewed to improve the prescription compliance of patients and to find a feasible alternative. As hypertensives are easily likely to develop co-morbidity like diabetes, systematic health education should be provided for them to get into the right life habits such as taking low-salt meals or quitting smoking. In addition, the development of health care programs is required.