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정신분열증 환자를 위한 무용/동작치료의 warm-up방법에 관한 연구
설주이,김나영 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2007 심리치료: 다학제적 접근 Vol.7 No.2
The schizophrenic is not interested in the internal or external either, and they seem to be apathy, anhedonia, in which there is no expression of emotions, and depressed. That is why there is no consistency in expression of emotion. Also, they have some difficulties in communicating with others due to the lack of the depth and the focus of expression. Movement, Dance/Movement Therapy, which considers the movement as the expressive means, whose objective is to develop the social skills of clients and adaptation that make them to live in their community with the others. Also it is one of expressive art psychotherapies that develop and maintain the physical- self, self-esteem, and social relationship. The movements can be applied to find out the cause of their problem and to treatment. In addition, the meaning of movement is essential to Movement, Dance/Movement Therapy it is because that change in movement is the goal of treatment itself. From now on, this research is to study on theories of Delsarte, Laban, Bartenieff which influence on the Movement, Dance/Movement Therapy and to examine the characteristics of the movement in the schizophrenic based on their theories. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental data of Movement, Dance/Movement Therapy by proposing the models of warm-up methods that are critical in Movement, Dance/Movement Therapy as being of mental and physical preparation. The objectives of this research is as follow 1. Objective:what is the movement feature of the schizophrenic, which is based on theories of Delsarte, Laban, Bartenieff? 2. Objective:what is the approach of physical warm-up for the schizophrenic in Movement, Dance/Movement Therapy, which is based on theories of Delsarte, Laban, Bartenieff? The approach of this research is literature investigation. First of all, I collected and categorized the books, journals, and dissertations related to this study and I focused on Trinity theory of Delsarte, Effort from BESS of Laban, and Nine fundamental principals of Bartenieff. Also, I used the terms in the original words in English. The features of movements in schizophrenia patients based on these three theories are as below. Firstly, it is the disorganized movement. According to Trinity theory of Delsarte, there is no coordination in the head, trunk, arms, and legs which are physical, emotional, and intellectual zones. There is shot of the specialized roles of parts of body and combination of whole body in the dynamic alignment/connectivity principle of Bartenieff that says each part of body is connected and influences each others. Secondly, it is the movement uses the energy inappropriately. The patients are reported to move in lack of elements of effort which is supported by theory of Laban who believes the effort reflects the attitude, desire, and related emotions and Effort motivation theory of Bartenieff. In addition, it is diffused movement. It said that the head represents the intelligence in Trinity theory of Delsarte, however, the schizophrenic show the inappropriate connectivity in language and movement due to thinking disturbance caused by delusion. They are also known to use the indirect space that is disordered and inconsistent between direct and indirect as elements of space in effort, Laban. Insufficiency of spatial intention among Nine fundamental principals of Bartenieff brings about diffused movement as well. Finally, it is immobility. The deficiency of awakening of legs which play a role in transportation as physical active area, that of Laban’s effort, that of Batenieff’s effort motivation, and that of opportunity to express efforts is contributed. The patients also fail to weight shift that moves from one part to another part. I tried to find out the problems in movement of schizophrenia patients as symptoms of psychological and pathological, in terms of these features of movements. Furthermore, I proposed the models of warm-up methods for the therapeutic approach on basis of the theories of Delsarte, who regards the body in separated parts such as the head, trunk, hands/arms, and foots/legs, Laban’s effort, and Bartenieff’s Nine fundamental principals. It is possible to recognize the body which is the basic of movement and to have the movement experience applied by various efforts with the approaches of warm-up proposed in this study. That gives rise to modify the disorganized movement, diffused one, the movement uses the energy inappropriately, and immobility. Moreover, the schizophrenic can be aware the subject of movement, that is themselves, and their own emotions at the same time. Consequently, it can help them to have a good social relationship by being responsible to their behaviors. 본 연구는 무용/동작치료의 매개체인 움직임에 영향을 준 Delsarte, Laban, Bartenieff의 움직임 이론을 알아보고 이들의 이론을 바탕으로 정신분열증 환자들의 움직임의 특징을 정리하고자 한다. 그리고 무용/동작치료 안에서 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 정신적, 신체적 준비과정인 warm-up방법의 Model을 제시하는 것으로 현장의 무용/동작치료과정에서의 기초자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 과정은 문헌 고찰의 방법을 이용하였다. 본 연구와 관련 있는 도서 및 학술지 석·박사 논문을 중심으로 수집, 분류하였고 본 연구에서는 Delsarte의 삼위일체론, Laban의 BESS 중 Effort, Bartenieff의 9가지 기초 원리에 집중하고 논의하였고 움직임 이론의 용어는 원어를 사용하였다. Delsarte, Laban, Bartenieff의 움직임 이론을 통한 정신분열증 환자의 움직임의 특징은 첫째, 와해된 움직임이다. 둘째, 적절한 에너지 사용이 부적절한 움직임이다. 셋째, 산만한 움직임이다. 넷째, 부동성의 움직임이다. 신체를 머리, 몸통, 팔/손, 다리/발로 나누어 본 Delsarte의 삼위일체론을 바탕으로 Laban의 Effort, Bartenieff의 9가지 움직임 원리를 이용하여 warm-up방법의 Model을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 warm-up방법을 통해 움직임의 기초 수단인 신체 인식, 다양한 에포트를 적용한 움직임경험을 통해서 정신분열증 환자들의 와해된 움직임, 에너지 사용이 부적절한 움직임, 산만한 움직임, 부동성 움직임의 변화를 줄 수 있고 움직임의 주체가 자신임을 인식하게 되며 동시에 자기 감정을 인식하고 더 나아가 자신의 행동의 책임감을 증가시킬 수 있어 움직임을 통해 긍정적인 대인관계를 맺는데 도움이 될 것이라 기대한다.
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