사양토성 Lysimeter 에서 살균제 14C-Propiconazole 의 해방

김인선,서용택 ( In Seon Kim,Yong Tack Suh ) 한국응용생명화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.41 No.3

Behaviour of a fungicide ^(14)C-propiconazole was investigate in a field lysimeter of sandy loam soil. At 15 days after rice-seeding transplanting, ^(14)C-propiconazole was treated on the soil surface at the rate of 0.12 ㎏/10a. The cummulative ^(14)C-propiconazole in the leachate from the lysimeter soil was 4.4% of the ^(14)C for 16 weeks. Most radioactivity detected in leachate was in the form of parent compound. At the end of lysimeter experiment. ^(14)C radioactivity in lysimeter soil was 76.5% of the applied ^(14)C and more than 97% of ^(14)C in soil remained in the top 20 ㎝. The percent of ^(14)CO₂ evolved from lysimeter soil was 7.8% of the applied ^(14)C. The radioactivity remained in the rice straw after harvest was 7.2% of the applied ^(14)C, while less than 0.1% of the applied ^(14)C was detected in flag leaf, ear, chaff and hulled rice, respectively.

사양토성 Lysimeter에서 살균제 $^{14}C-Propiconazole$의 행방

김인선,서용택,Kim, In-Seon,Suh, Yong-Tack 한국응용생명화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.33 No.2

사양토성 lysimeter에서 살균제 $^{14}C-propiconazole$의 행방을 조사하고자 하였다. 벼 이앙 15일 후 $^{14}C-propiconazole$을 0.12 kg/10a 수준으로 lysimeter 토양표면에 처리한 후 시기별로 용탈수, 토양 및 휘발성분중 방사능을 조사하였다. 약제처리 후 16주간 lysimeter토양에서 용탈된 방사능은 처리 방사능의 4.4%였으며, 대부분의 방사능은 모화합된 형태이었다. 약제처리 16주 후 토양에 잔류하는 방사능은 처리 방사능의 76.5%였으며 97% 이상이 토양표층 깊이 20 cm 이내에 존재하였다. Lysimeter 토양에서 생성된 $^{14}CO_2$는 처리 방사능의 7.8%였다. 벼 수확 후 볏짚에 잔류하는 방사능은 처리량의 7.2%였으며 지엽, 벼이삭, 왕겨 그리고 현미에서는 각각 0.1% 이하를 나타내었다. Behaviour of a fungicide $^{14}C-propiconazole$ was investigated in a field lysimeter of sandy loam soil. At 15 days after rice-seedling transplanting, $^{14}C-propiconazole$ was treated on the soil surface at the rate of 0.12 kg/10a. The cummulative $^{14}C-radioactivity$ in the leachate from the lysimeter soil was 4.4% of the applied $^{14}C$ for 16 weeks. Most radioactivity detected in leachate was in the form of parent compound. At the end of lysimeter experiment. $^{14}C$ radioactivity in lysimeter soil was 76.5% of the applied $^{14}C$ and more than 97% of $^{14}C$ in soil remained in the top 20 cm. The percent of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved from lysimeter soil was 7.8% of the applied $^{14}C$. The radioactivity remained in the rice straw after harvest was 7.2% of the applied $^{14}C$, while less than 0.1% of the applied $^{14}C$ was detected in flag leaf, ear, chaff and hulled rice, respectively.

생쥐에서 Cytochrome P - 450 효소계에 의한 α - Endosulfan 의 시험관내 대사시험

김인선(In Seon Kim),이강봉(Kang Bong Lee),심재한(Jae Han Shim),서용택(Yong Tack Suh) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.5

In vitro metabolism study of α-endosulfan by liver and kidney microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system of the mouse(Balb/C) was performed. α-Endosulfan was metabolized to endosulfan lactone(EL), endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE), endosulfan alcohol(EA), endosulfan sulfate(ES), endosulfan ether(EE) and β-endosulfan(β-E). The main metabolites of α-endosulfan were EL(13.2%) and EA(11.5%) in liver microsome and EA(17.4%) and EHE(19.3%) in kidney microsome. The ^(14)C-activity of organic extractable fraction and water soluble fraction were 63.4% and 31.7% in liver micosome incubates respectively. The water soluble metabolites were EA(83.9%), EHE(4.5%) and ES(2.3%). Piperonyl butoxide treatment inhibited the formation of EE by 86%, EA by 92% and EHE, EL and ES were barely formed.

Endosulfan 이 흰쥐체내의 Cytochrome P - 450 효소계에 미치는 영향

김인선(In Seon Kim),이강봉(Kang Bong Lee),심재한(Jae Han Shim),서용택(Yong Tack Suh) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.2

To investigate the effects of endosulfan on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in mouse(Balb c.), endosulfan was given by an intraperitoneal dose of 7.5 ㎎/㎏. The treatment of endosulfan increased the cytochrome P-450 content by 3.3 to 42 fold, cytochrome b_5 content by 2.3 to 3.8 fold, NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity by 5.3 to 6.4 fold and total haem content by 3.1 to 3.6 fold of mouse liver after 48 hrs of intraperitoneal injection. Endosulfancytochrome P-450 absorption spectrum exhibited miximum at 387㎚ and 389 ㎚ and broad near 407 ㎚ in the liver microsome. Reduced P-450-CO spectrum of the liver microsome exposed by the treatment of endosulfan showed maximum at 449 ㎚ and 450 ㎚ compared to that of the control having maximum at 451 ㎚, which indicated endosulfan induced cytochrome P-450 new isozymes. Aldrin epoxidase activities in the mouse liver and kidney were increased by 2.8 and 2.1 fold by the treatment of endosulfan. Also 7-ethoxyresorufin dealkylase activities in the mouse liver and kidney were elevated by 1.7 and 1.8 fold by treatment of endosulfan.

생쥐에서 Cytochrome P-450 효소계에 의한 ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan의 시험관내 대사시험

김인선,이강봉,심재한,서용택,Kim, In-Seon,Lee, Kang-Bong,Shim, Jae-Han,Suh, Yong-Tack 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.5

생쥐(Balb/C) 간과 신장의 microsomal cytochrome P-450 효소계에 의한 ${\alpha}$-endosulfan의 시험관내 대사시험을 수행하였다. ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan은 endosulfan lactone(EL), endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE), endosulfan alcohol(EA), endosulfan sulfate(ES), endosulfan ether(EE) 그리고 ${\beta}$-endosulfan(${\beta}$-E) 등으로 대사되었으며 주요 대사산물은 간에서 EL(13.2%) 및 EA(11.5%)이었으며 신장에서 EA(17.4%) 및 EHE(19.3%)이었다. Microsome 배양액중 유기용매 추출성 대사산물은 63.4%이었으며 수용성 대사산물은 37.1%이었다. 수용성 대사산물은 EA(83.9%), EHE(4.5%) 그리고 ES(2.3%)로서 주요 수용성 대사산물은 EA이었다. Piperonyl butoxide는 ${\alpha}$-endosulfan으로부터 EE의 생성을 86%, EA의 생성을 92% 그리고 EHE, EL 및 ES의 생성을 대부분 저해하였다. In vitro metabolism study of ${\alpha}$-endosulfan by liver and kidney microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system of the mouse(Balb/C) was performed. ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan was metabolized to endosulfan lactone(EL), endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE), endosulfan alcohol(EA), endosulfan sulfate(ES), endosulfan ether(EE) and ${\beta}$-endosulfan(${\beta}$-E). The main metabolites of ${\alpha}$-endosulfan were EL(13.2%) and EA(11.5%) in liver microsome and EA(17.4%) md EHE(19.3%) in kidney microsome. The $^{14}C$-activity of organic extractable fraction and water soluble fraction were 63.4% and 31.7% in liver micosome incubates respectively. The water soluble metabolites were EA(83.9%), EHE(4.5%) and ES(2.3). Piperonyl butoxide treatment inhibited the formation of EE by 86%, EA by 92% and EHE, EL and ES were barely formed.

생쥐 체내에서 $^{14}C-{\alpha}-Endosulfan$의 대사

김인선,이강봉,심재한,서용택,Kim, In-Seon,Lee, Kang-Bong,Shim, Jae-Han,Suh, Yong-Tack 한국환경농학회 1996 한국환경농학회지 Vol.15 No.1

생쥐 체내에서 $^{14}C-{\alpha}-Endosulfan$의 흡수, 분포, 대사, 배설 등의 동태를 구명하기 위하여 약제를 7.5mg $kg^{-1}$ 수준으로 복강주사 처리하여 수행한 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 약제처리 후 4 일 이내에 처리 방사능의 63.9%가 소변을 통해 배설되었고, 그 후부터는 배설율이 일정하였다. 2. 약제처리 후 각 조직별 방사능의 분포는 처리 30분 이내에는 심장에 가장 높게 분포하였으며, 2시간에는 간과 신장에서 그 분포율이 현저하게 증가하였으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 그 분포율은 점점 감소하였다. 3. $^{14}C-{\alpha}-endosulfan$은 생쥐 체내에서 ${\beta}-endosulfan({\beta}-E)$, endosulfan ether(EE), endosulfan sulfate(ES), 그리고 endosulfan alcohol(EA)로 대사되었으며 주요 대사산물은 간에서 EA(13.25%) 그리고 신장에서는 EHE(19.37%)였다. 4. 소변중에 배설된 대사산물로는 EA(43.21%), ES(4.78%), ${\beta}-E$(7.21%), EE(3.72%), EHE(18.04%) 등이었다. Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of $^{14}C-{\alpha}-Endosulfan$[1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-8,9,10-=trinorborn-5-en 2,3-ylenebismethylene]sulfite) were studied in male mouse(Balb/c) after single intraperitoneal treatment as the dose level of 7.5 mg/kg body weights. After treatment of $^{14}C-{\alpha}-endosulfan$, the radioactivity was rapidly excreted into the urine(63.9 %) within 4 days, thereafter the excretion ratio was constant. Radioactivity levels in the tissues was reached maximum 0.5 hr in heart, 2 hrs in liver and kidney after the treatment, then decreased with time. Endosulfan was metabolized to ${\beta}-endosulfan({\beta}-E)$, endosulfan ether(EE), endosulfan sulfate(ES), and endosulfan alcohol(EA). The main metabolites were EA(13.25 %) in liver and endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE)(19.37 %) in kidney. The urinary metabolites were EA(43.21 %), ES(4.78 %), ${\beta}-E$(7.21 %), EE(3.72 %) and EHE(18.04 %).

HPLC 형광분석법을 통한 벼에서 Brassinolide 의 검정

심재한(Jae Han Shim),김인선(In Seon Kim),이강봉(Kang Bong Lee),서용택(Yong Tack Suh),(E . D . Morgan) 한국응용생명화학회 1996 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.39 No.1

To determine brassinolide in rice(Oriza sutiva L.) using HPLC equipped with fluoresence detector, a highly sensitive fluorescence reagent. 1-cyanoisoindole-2-m-phenylboronic acid, was synthesized from the reaction of o-phthaldehyde, m-phenylboronic acid and KCN, then was reacted with brassinolide. The formation ratio of brassinolide boronate exhibited 90% up at the ratio of 20 : 1(㎍/㎍) of 1-cyanoisoindole-2-m-phenylboronic acid and brassinolide respectively. The detection limit of brassinolide boronate with fluoresence detector was 0.16 ng. Brassinolide was detected in heading stage(biomass : 10 g) and panicle formation stage(biomass : 100 g) of the rice(Oryza sativa L.) with quantity of 0.8 ㎍ and 0.2 ㎍ respectively. However, brassinolide was not detected in blooming and elongation stage.

살균제 ¹⁴C-propiconazole의 토심별 분해

안득현(Deug-Hyeon An),김인선(In-Seon Kim),서용택(Yong-Tack Suh) 한국농약과학회 1999 농약과학회지 Vol.3 No.2

벼 재배 Lysimeter 토양중 살균제 14C - Propiconazole 의 행방

서용택,김인선 한국환경농학회 1999 한국환경농학회지 Vol.18 No.3

살균제 propiconazole의 벼 재배 lysimeter 토양중 행방을 조사하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. Lysimeter의 토양은 미사질 식양토로 구성되었다. 벼 이앙 15일 후 propiconazole을 0.12㎏/10a 수준으로 lysimeter 토양표면에 년 1회씩 2년에 걸쳐 2회 처리한 다음 경시적인 약제의 용탈량, 토양중 분포량 ^(14)CO₂생성량, 그리고 벼에 흡수 및 이행량을 조사하였다. 약제처리 후 16주 동안 lysimeter토양에서 용탈된 방사능은 1년차와 2년차 실험 모두 자연 방사능 수준이었다. 시험 기간동안 lysimeter 토양에서 방출된 ^(14)CO₂는 1년차와 2년차 실험에서 처리 방사능의 각각 5.7%와 7.8%였으며, 휘발성 물질의 생성율은 자연 방사능 수준으로 매우 낮아 propiconazole이 화학적으로 안정한 화학물임을 시사하였다. Propiconazole은 토양중에서 잔류방사능의 대부분이 토심 20㎝ 이내에 존재하여 지하수 오염의 가능성은 매우 낮았다. Lysimeter 토양중 재배된 벼에 흡수 및 이행된 propiconazole의 방사능은 1년차 및 2년차 실험에서 각각 처리 방사능의 3.7%와 7.6%였다. Behaviour of a fungicide ^(14)C-propiconazole was investigated in a rice plant grown-lysimeter soil. The lysimeter was composed of soil cores of silty clay. Propiconazole(Tilt 250^R EC) plus ^(14)C-labeled propiconazole was applied on the surface of lysimeter soil at a rate of 0.12㎏/10a after rice transplanting. The application was done consecutively for two years. The behaviours of propiconazole in the lysimeter soil were investigated by measuring the amounts of ^(14)C-leachate, ^(14)CO₂, the residues distributed in each soil segment and taken up by rice plants. The relative amounts of ^(14)C leached from the lysimeter were the background level of the applied ^(14)C throughout expeiment. The amounts of ^(14)CO₂evolved from the lysimeter were 5.7 and 7.8% of the original ^(14)C in the Ist and 2nd treatment, respectively. The amounts of volatile substances soil were the background level throughout experiment, which indicated that propiconazole was stable chemically in the experimental condition. The ^(14)C-activities absorbed and translocated into rice plants were 3.7 and 7.6% in 1st and 2nd treatment., respectively. The ^(14)C-activities in the soil layer of the lysimeter was distributed mainly in the depth of 0 to 20㎝, which suggested propiconazole did not have the risk of groundwater contamination.

생쥐 체내에서 14C - α - Endosulfan 의 대사

서용택,심재한,김인선,이강봉 한국환경농학회 1996 한국환경농학회지 Vol.15 No.1

생쥐 체내에서 ^(14)C-α-endosulfan의 흡수, 분포, 대사, 배설 등의 동태를 구명하기 위하여 약제를 7.5㎎ ㎏^(-1) 수준으로 복강주사 처리하여 수행한 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 약제처리 후 4 일 이내에 처리 방사능의 63.9%가 소변을 통해 배설되었고, 그 후부터는 배설율이 일정하였다. 2. 약제처리 후 각 조직별 방사능의 분포는 처리 30분 이내에는 심장에 가장 높게 분포하였으며, 2시간에는 간과 신장에서 그 분포율이 현저하게 증가하였으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 그 분포율은 점점 감소하였다. 3. ^(14)C-α-endosulfan은 생쥐 체내에서 β-endosulfan(β-E), endosulfan ether(EE), endosulfan sulfate(ES), 그리고 endosulfan alcohol(EA)로 대사되었으며 주요 대사산물은 간에서 EA(13.25%)) 그리고 신장에서는 EHE(19.37%)였다. 4. 소변중에 배설된 대사물로는 EA(43.21%), ES(4.78%), β-E(7.21%), EE(3.72%), EHE(18.04%) 등이었다. Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ^(14)C-α-endosulfan([1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-8,9,10-=trinorborn-5-en 2,3-ylenebismethylene]sulfite) were studied in male mouse(Balb/c) after single intraperitoneal treatment as the dose level of 7.5 ㎎/㎏ body weights. After treatment of ^(14)C-α-endosulfan, the radioactivity was rapidly excreted into the urine(63.9 %) within 4 days, thereafter the excretion ratio was constant. Radioactivity levels in the tissues was reached maximum 0.5 hr in heart, 2 hrs in liver and kidney after the treatment, then decreased with time. Endosulfan was metabolized to β-endosulfan((β-E), endosulfan ether(EE), endosulfan sulfate(ES), and endosulfan alcohol(EA). The main metabolites were EA(13.25 %) in liver and endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE)(19.37 %) in kidney. The urinary metabolites were EA(43.21 %), ES(4.78 %), β-E(7.21 %), EE(3.72 %) and EHE(18.04 %).