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정삼현,배정하,서승유,김규환,이동갑,하정호 東亞大學校 附設 스포츠科學硏究所 1997 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-
Among the school gymnastics facilities, perhaps the most common ones are gymnastics apparatus. That's why a historic study in the event of havy gymnastics is required. The researchers here have examined the origin of gymnastics with apparatus centered on Jahn's "turen" exercise. The results are as follows : 1. Heavy gymnastics originally contained a lot of elements from field and track events. It had aims of obtaining natural physical movement and enhancing work efficiency. 2. An outdoor event turnen was banned and changed into an inddor event. The fact that apparatus gymnastics is nowadays held indoors reveals the decisive influnece of Jahn's turnen exercise. 3. Jahn's balance beam exercise was at first played for the purpose of blancing oneself and merely for fun. It has developed into the present from through wide distribution and elaboration. 4. Jahn first used the term of parallel bars and the present women's event of parallel bars resembles Jahn's. 5. Jahn's horizontal bars have also had a great effect on today's event of horizontal bars.
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체육철학 : Jahn의 국가주의(國家主義) 체육사상(體育思想) 연구(硏究)
이동갑(LeeDong-Kab),하정호(HaTeoung-Ho),배정하,서승유(SeoSeung-Yoo),김규환(KimKyoo-Hwan) 한국체육학회 1998 한국체육학회지 Vol.37 No.1
本硏究는 體操活動을 통하여 獨逸 靑少年에게 愛國心과 統一에 대한 의지를 심어주었던 야안의 國家主義 體育이 어떻게 실시되고 행하여져 왔는지를 그의 저서 「Die Deutsche Turnkunst」 中心으로 그의 思想을 살펴서 Turnen 修練方法을 究明하는 것이 本硏究의 목적이다.독일체조를 통하여 독일민족을 각성시켜 통일을 향한 정신질서의 確立과 독일민족해방 그리고 독일의 獨立을 위한 민족운동으로 具體化시켰던 것이다.야안의 Turnen運動은 獨逸民族敎育을 위한 수단으로써의 體操運動을 말하며, 오늘날 陸上, 體操, 레크레이션, 등반에 많은 影響을 미친 것으로 사료된다.身體修練을 받는 체조자들은 體操의 法規에 입각하여 수련자로써 體操學校, 修練時間, 修練服裝, 茶菓會 등을 통하여 엄격한 規則 가운데 自由스럽게 행해졌다. This paper aims to examine Jahn’s Turnen exercise training methods by revealing his main thought expressed in his book Die Deutsche Turnkunst. His specific exercise focused on gymnastics, helping German youths cultivate the will for reunification and patriotism, can be summed up as follows:1. The Turnen exercise was nothing but Jahn’s strong will to realize German independence, racial liberation, and spiritual reorganization through its extraordinary emphasis on the complete sense of community.2. Jahn’s Turnen exercise contained such a variety as walking, running, jumping, wooden horse play, balance, horizontal bars, parallel bars, mountain climbing, throwing, pulling, lifting, carrying, extension, fighting, rolling, and rope jumping. In short, his exercise was gymnastics as an important means of educating German people. As a natural result, it has had many effects on today’s track and field events, recreation, mountaineering and so on.3. Under strict rules of gymnastics, the participants in the Turnen exercise enjoyed themselves somewhat freely through the gymnastic school’s training methods and period as well as social gathering programs.
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