한국산 4개 지역형 소나무 천연림의 물질생산에 관한 연구

박인협(In Hyeop Park),이석면(Seok Myon Lee) 한국산림과학회 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.2

Pinus densiflora is not only widely distributed but also one of the most economically important timber species in Korea. In Korea, this species is classified into four local forms according to tree forms, as it has widely geographical variations. Trees of Ankang form are dwarfish nearly like shrubs, and those of Keumkang form are very tall and straight. Those of flatland and highland forms are exhibited in-between Ankang and Keumkang forms. This study was carried out to examine biomass, net production and production efficiency among four local forms of Pirzus densiflora forests growing in Korea. For the study, dimension analysis was used for trees and harvest method for shrubs and herbs in four 30-40 year-old stands showing the typical tree forms. Stand biomass of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms were 29.87, 110.89, 133.53 and 205.42 t/ha, respectively. As going in order of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms, the proportions of stem woods to total tree biomass increased while the proportions of stem barks, live branches, needles and roots showed a tendency to decrease. Stand net productions of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms were 3.716, 10.796, 13.097 and 16.500 t/ha yr., respectively. As going in order of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms, the proportions of stem woods and lire branches to total tree net production increased while the proportion of needles decreased. In case of live branches, the opposite trend of biomss and net production proportion may be resulted from the differences in the ratio of self-pruning. Net assimilation ratios of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms were 1.406, 1.920. 1.487 and 1.677, respectively. Efficiency of needles to produce stems in those forms were 0.239, 0.714. 0.572 and 0.771. respectively. Considering the difference in measuring time, net assimilation ratio and efficiency of needles to produce stems may increase as going in order of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms.

참나무류의 성장(成長) 및 물질생산(物質生産)에 관한 연구(硏究)(I) - 경기도(京畿道) 광주지방(廣州地方)의 굴참나무, 상수리나무, 떡갈나무, 신갈나무 천연임분(天然林分)을 대상으로 -

박인협,이돈구,이경준,문광선,Park, In Hyeop,Lee, Dong Koo,Lee, Kyung Joon,Moon, Gwang Sun 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.1

참나무류 주요 수종의 성장(成長) 및 물질생산(物質生産)을 파악하기 위하여 경기도(京畿道) 광주지방(廣州地方) 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속 중부연습림에 위치하고 있는 평균 수령(樹齡) 32-38년생(年生) 굴참나무, 상수리나무, 떡갈나무, 신갈나무 등 4개 수종 천연임분(天然林分)을 대상으로 임분별 $10m{\times}10m$ 조사구 10개씩을 설치 한 후 매목조사(每木調査)를 실시하고 임분별 10주씩 총 40주의 표본목(標本木)을 선정 벌목하여 조사하였다. 평균 흉고직경(胸高直徑)과 수고(樹高)는 상수리나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 떡갈나무 임분의 순으로 컸다. 임목밀도(林木密度)는 굴참나무, 떡갈나무, 신갈나무, 상수리나무 임분의 순으로 높았다. 현존량(現存量)은 상수리나무 임분 122.73t/ha, 굴참나무 임분 87.03t/ha, 신갈나무 임분 72.14t/ha, 떡갈나무 임분 38.56t/ha의 순으로 많았다. 순생산량(純生産量)은 신갈나무 임분 7.49t/ha/yr., 굴참나무 임분 6.47t/ha/yr., 상수리나무 임분 6.06t/ha/yr., 떡갈나무 임분 3.52t/ha/yr.의 순으로 많았다. 순동화율(純同化率)은 상수리나무 임분 3.275, 굴참나무 임분 2.898, 신갈나무 임분 2.888, 떡갈나무 임분 1.840의 순으로 높았다. 4개 임분의 순동화율(純同化率) 순위와 순생산량(純生産量)순위가 다른 것은 잎의 현존량(現存量)이 다르기 때문이었으며 순생산량(純生産量) 순위와 현존량(現存量) 순위가 다른 것은 지속적 축적기관인 줄기, 비교적 단기간의 축적기관인 가지, 비축적기관인 잎의 순생산량(純生産量) 구성비(構成比)가 다르기 때문이었다. Four natural Quercus stands in Kwangju, Kyonggi-Do, of which ages ranging from 32 to 38 years old, were studied to compare their growth, biomass and net production. Ten $10m{\times}10m$ quadrats were set up and ten sample trees were harvested for dimension analysis in each stand. The largest mean DBH and height were shown by Q. acutissima stand, and followed by Q. variabilis stand, Q. mongolica stand, and Q. dentata stand in descending order. Tree density was the highest at Q. variabilis stand, and followed by Q. dentata stand, Q. mongolica stand, and Q. acutissima stand in descending order. Biomass was the largest at Q. acutissima stand(122.73t/ha), and followed by Q. variabilis stand(87.03t/ha), Q. mongolica stand(72.14t/ha), and Q. dentata stand(38.56t/ha) in descending order. Net production was the greatest at Q. mongolica stand(7.49t/ha/yr.), and followed by Q. variabilis stand(6.47t/ha/yr.), Q. acutissima stand(6.06t/ha/yr.), and Q. dentata stand(3.52t/ha/yr.) in descending order. The highest net assimilation ratio was exhibited by Q. acutissima stand (3.275), and followed by Q. variabilis stand(2.898), Q. mongolica stand(2.888), and Q. dentata stand (1.840) in descending order. The difference in net assimilation ratio and net production among four stands was caused by differences in their leaf biomass. The difference in net production and biomass among four stands was due to that in the distribution of net production among stems, branches and leaves.

삼림군집구조 조사를 위한 조사구 크기에 관한 연구(4) -오대산 국립공원지역 젓나무-활염수 혼효림군집 관목층의 적정 조사구수-

박인협 ( In Hyeop Park ),문광선 ( Gwang Sun Moon ) 한국환경생태학회 1996 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.9 No.2

오동도에서의 이용객에 의한 식생구조 (植生構造) 변화 및 이용자 심리분석에 관한 연구

박명규,이경재,박인협 ( Myong Kyu Park,Kyong Jae Lee,In Hyeop Park ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.4

This study was executed to analyze the user`s impact on vegetation structure changes and user`s psychology in Odongdo Island of Hallyo-Haesang National Park. Five sites were sampled for vegetation structure changes vi the study area according to the extent of impact observed. Also user`s psychology was studied through questionnaire with the visitors and 366 answers were collected at random sampling in May, 1986. Evergreen broad-leaved forest, i.e. Machilus thunbergii, Cinnamomum camphora, and Camellia japonica forest, took possession of 32.5% (3.91㏊) of total forest area when condisering the actual vegetation. Camellia japonica community covered 40.0% (4.72㏊) and Sasa coreana community took possession of 41.8% (5.02㏊). The area of environmental impact grade 3 and 4 area covered 44.3% of total forest area and it should be restored because self-repair seemed to be impossible. The evergreen broad-leaved forest was destoryed seriously with no younger trees in middle and lower layers by overuse impact and would be bared soon. So the preservation of autochthonous flora is required by the control of the number of users. It was shown that most of visitors come on holidays and Sunday and places which were favorably impressed were shown as the area of showing the sea and Camellia forest. Overall levels of satisfaction was comparatively low, consequently 55% of visitors were satisfied. This level of satisfaction was associated with number of users, landscape of forest and number of facilities.

야생 차나무 집단의 임분구조와 물질현존량

박인협,류석봉,이선하 ( In Hyeop Park,Suk Bong Ryu,Seon Ha Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.2

Twelve Camellia sinensis populations were studied to investigate the biomass distribution related to stand structure. With increasing mean age of the population, mean root collar diameter increased, while mean height, density and root collar area had no correlation with the age. The result of dimension analysis after cutting the sample trees showed that dry weights of stems +branches and root were exponentially increased and dry weights of current leaves and twigs were linearly increased with increasing root collar diameter. However, the dry weight of older leaves was not related to the root collar diameter. The range of total biomass was 1,162∼11,474㎏/㏊ and the range of current leaf biomass was 165∼1,341㎏/㏊. The range of T/R ratio was 1.5∼2.8. The biomass of stems+branches and root were significantly correlated with the root collar area of the population and were not significantly correlated with the mean age, mean root collar diameter and density of the population. The biomass of current leaves and twigs were significantly correlated with the root collar area and density of the population.

완도지역 붉가시나무의 개화특성과 종실생산

박인협 ( In Hyeop Park ),김소담 ( So Dam Kim ),박종원 ( Jong Won Park ),채경석 ( Kyung Seog Chae ),김갑태 ( Gab Tae Kim ),엄태원 ( Tae Won Um ) 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Flowering characteristics and acorn production of Quercus acuta were studied in a Quercus acuta forest at Wando island, Korea. Three sample trees were cut and measured to investigate flowering characteristics during flowering season. Eight 20m×50m quadrats were set up and three 1m×1m seed traps were established within each quadrat to investigate acorn production. There were no significant differences in number of female and male inflorescence per bearing shoot among crown positions, but these values decreased from the upper part to the lower part of crown. The number of female flowers was 5,025 flowers/tree, and of the total number, 60.3% was in the upper part, 28.4% was in the middle part and 11.3% was in the lower part of crown. The number of male flowers was 7,063 flowers/tree and increased from the lower part to the upper part of crown. Acorn Flowering characteristics and acorn production of Quercus acuta were studied in a Quercus acuta forest at Wando island, Korea. Three sample trees were cut and measured to investigate flowering characteristics during flowering season. Eight 20m×50m quadrats were set up and three 1m×1m seed traps were established within each quadrat to investigate acorn production. There were no significant differences in number of female and male inflorescence per bearing shoot among crown positions, but these values decreased from the upper part to the lower part of crown. The number of female flowers was 5,025 flowers/tree, and of the total number, 60.3% was in the upper part, 28.4% was in the middle part and 11.3% was in the lower part of crown. The number of male flowers was 7,063 flowers/tree and increased from the lower part to the upper part of crown. Acorn

참나무류의 성장 및 물질생산에 관한 연구 (1) - 경기도 광주지방의 굴참나무 , 상수리나무 , 떡갈나무 , 신갈나무 천연임분을 대상으로 -

박인협(In Hyeop Park),이돈구(Dong Koo Lee),이경준(Kyung Joon Lee),문광선(Gwang Sun Moon) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.1

Four natural Quercus stands in Kwangju, Kyonggi-Do, of which ages ranging from 32 to 38 years old, were studied to compare their growth, biomass and net production. Ten 10m×10m quadrats were set up and ten sample trees were harvested for dimension analysis in each stand. The largest mean DBH and height were shown by Q. acutissima stand, and followed by Q. variabilis stand, Q. mongolica stand, and Q. dentata stand in descending order. Tree density was the highest at Q. variabilis stand, and followed by Q. dentata stand, Q. mongolica stand, and Q. acutissima stand in descending order. Biomass was the largest at Q. acutissima stand(122.73t/㏊), and followed by Q. variabilis stand(87.03t/㏊), Q. mongolica stand(72.14t/㏊), and Q. dentata stand(38.56t/㏊) in descending order. Net production was the greatest at Q. mongolica stand(7.49t/㏊/yr.), and followed by Q. variabilis stand(6.47t/㏊/yr.), Q. acutissima stand(6.06t/㏊/yr.), and Q. dentata stand(3.52t/㏊/ yr.) in descending order. The highest net assimilation ratio was exhibited by Q. acutissima stand (3.275), and followed by Q. variabilis stand(2.898), Q. mongolica stand(2.888), and Q. dentata stand (1.840) in descending order. The difference in net assimilation ratio and net production among four stands was caused by differences in their leaf biomass. The difference in net production and biomass among four stands was due to that in the distribution of net production among stems, branches and leaves.

왕대속 대나무림의 물질생산 및 무기영양물 분배에 관한 연구

박인협(In Hyeop Park),류석봉(Suk Bong Ryu) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.3

Three Phyllostachys stands of P. pubescens, P. bambusoides and P. nigra var, henonis in Sunchon were studied to investigate biomass, net production and nutrient distribution. Five 10m×10m quadrats were set up and 20 sample culms of 2 years and over were harvested for dimension analysis in each stand. One year old culms and subterranean parts were estimated by the harvested quadrat method. The largest mean DBH, height and basal area were shown in P. pubescens stand, and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand and P. bambusoides stand. There was little difference in accuracy among three allometric biomass regression models of logWt=A+B1ogD, LogWt=A+BlogD²H and logWt=A+ BlogD+ClogH, where Wt, D and H were dry weight, DBH and height, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed that there were significant differences in intercept among the linear allometric biomass regressons of three Phyllostachys species. Biomass included subterranean parts was the largest in P. pubescens stand(103.621t/㏊), and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand(86.447t/㏊) and P. bambusoides stand(36.767t/㏊). Leaf biomass was 6.3% to 7.8% of total biomass in each stands. The ratio of aboveground biomass and subterranean biomass in each stand was 1.87 to 2.26. Net production included subterranean parts was the greatest in P. pubescens stand(6.115t/㏊/yr), and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand(5.609t/㏊/yr) and P, bambusoides stand(3.252t/㏊/yr). The highest net assimilation ratio was estimated in P. pubeseens stand(2.979), and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand(2.752) and P. bambusoides stand(2.187). Biomass accumulation ratio of each stand was 2.679 to 5.358. Concentrations of N, P and Mg were the highest in leaves, and followed by subterranean parts, and culms+branches in all three species. Concentration of Ca was the highest in leaves, and followed by culms+branches, and subterranean parts in all three species. The difference in biomass among three species stands was caused by their culm size, leaf biomass, net assimilation ratio, and efficiency of leaves to produce culms.

제강슬래그의 실용이 묘포 및 소나무림의 토양과 식물생장에 미치는 영향

박인협(In Hyeop Park),서영권(Young Kwon Seo),임준택(June Taeg Lim),이충일(Choong Il Lee) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.6

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as soil conditioner in a nursery and two natural forests. The BOF slag was applied at rates of 0, 4, 8, and 12 t/㏊ for seedbed nursery of three tree species-Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis and Amorpha fruticosa; and 0, 10, 20, and 40 t/㏊ for Pinus densiflora natural forests located at two sites. In case of the nursery study, the significant increase in soil pH and contents of Ca, Mg, SiO₂, Fe and Mn was noticed after six months of the BOF slag application. Dry weight of Pinus densiflora seedlings with BOF slag treatments was lower compared with that of control. There were no significant differences among treatments in dry weight of Larix leptolepis seedlings. Dry weight of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings, which are deciduous species and grow rapidly at seedling stage, increased significantly and T/R ratio decreased as BOF slag rate increased. The differences of effects of BOF slag application on the seedlings of tree species may be attributed to the differences of optimum pH range of the species. In Pinus densiflora natural forests, there were no significant differences in soil pH and contents of SiO₂, Fe and Mn among the treatments, but these values became higher as BOF slag rate increased. Contents of Ca in soil became significantly higher as BOF slag rate increased. There were no significant differences among treatments in net production of mature Pinus densiflora trees, but BOF slag rate of 10ton/㏊ showed the highest net production. Young Pinus densiflora trees at the plots of BOF slag rate of 10 t/㏊ showed significantly higher root collar diameter growth rate and twig net production than those of other treatments. It may be given as a conclusion that BOF slag application in nursery and forest soil increased soil pH and contents of Ca, SiO₂, Fe and Mn in soil and they showed the ability of BOF slag to be used as a soil conditioner in strongly acid soil.

전남 모후산지역 (母后山地域) 굴참나무천연림과 현사시나무인공림의 물질생산에 관한 연구

최영철(Young Cheol Choi),박인협(In Hyeop Park) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.2

A natural Quercus variabilis forest and a Populus alba×P. glandulosa plantation in Mt. Mohu area were studied to investigate aboveground biomass arid net production. A 20m×30m quadrat was set up in each stand, and 10 sample trees each of Quercus variabilis and Populus alba × P. glandulosa were cut for dimension analysis. There was little difference in accuracy among three biomass regression models of logWt=A+ BlogD, logWt=A+BlogD2H, and logWt=A+BIogD+ClogH, where Wt. D, and H were dry weight, DBH, and height, respectively. Aboveground total biomass of Quercus variabilis stand was 31,275㎏/㏊, and that of Populus alba × P. glandulosa was 55,581㎏/㏊. In both of Quercus aariabilis stand and Populus alba × P. glandulosa stand, the proportion of each tree component to abovegound total biomaas was high in order of stem wood, branches, stem bark, and leaves. Quercus variabilis stand was higher in the proportion of stem bark, branches and leaves than Populus alba × P. glandulosa stand, while the former was lower in that of stem wood than the latter. Aboveground total net production of Quercus variabilis stand was 4,267㎏/㏊/yr.. and that of Populus alba x P , glandulosa stand was 3,903㎏/㏊/yr. . The proportion of each tree component to aboveground total net production of Quercus variabilis stand was high in order of Leaves, stem wood, branches, and stem bark . That of Populus alba × P. glandulosa stand was high in order of stem wood, leaves, branches, and stem bark. Net assimilation rate and efficiency of leaf to produce stem of Q2sercus variabilis stand were 2.121 and 0.840, respectively. Those of Poprrlus alba × P. glczndulosa stand were 3.376 and 2.085, respectively. Though Poprclus alba×P. glandulosa stand was lower in aboveground total net productcon than Quercus variabilis stand, the former was higher in aboveground total biomass than the latter. The reason was that Populus alba×P. glandulosa stand was higher in net production of stem wood of accumulation organs than Quercus variablis stand.