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문인원 ( Moon In-won ) 한국태국학회 1988 한국태국학회논총 Vol.1 No.-
As early as the beginning of the Ayuthaya period (1350-1767),in Thai history, the Thai society was divided into at least two main claves: the upper class which comprised of the princes and the nobles who were the nai, and the lower class the commoners (phrai) and the slaves (that). In distributing manpower among the princes and the nobles, the king assigned the amount of manpower to be possessed by each individual noble according to his rank. Thus the amount of sakdina possessed by any one noble tended to correlate with the amount of manpower under his control. But in the sixteenth century, with the coming of western colonialism, traditional ideas on nation, policy, society, culture began to change. Modernization of Thailand began. In Thailand, modernization was led by kings themselves, especially Rama IV and Rama E But modernization brought about the inevitable weakening of the king’s power, which culminated in the revolution of 1932. The absolute monarchy was replaced by a constitutional monarchy. This thesis attempts to study the character of the Thai ruling class and their role in modernization; that is how the loyal families and nobles who ruled before modernization transformed themselves into bureaucratic elites during the modernization process. The change in the character of the ruling groop, the most important and effective factor was the educational policy, which was fully supported by kings. Even now the ruling class is distinguished from the general population most dearly by the level of education. Rama □ can be regarded as the leader who played he most active role in Thai modernization. He himself was educated by a British court tutor and after he ascended the throne, he actively encouraged modem schools to be built and students to be sent abroad to study. This educational benefit was almost monopolized by royal families and nobles. The Westernized elites wanted change in Thai political system and result was the 1932 revolution. For most Thai people, the revolution did not bring about a fundamental change in their political attitude. All it meant was that, instead of an absolute King, a small number of bureaucratic elites came into power. Even at present, bureaucracy makes people indifferent to politics and there is no effective political apparatus to lead people in political awareness and participation. These are the problems which make political development toward democracy difficult in Thailand.
알코올중독자와 일반인의 음주관과 음주 동기에 관한 비교
윤승욱(Seung Wook Yoon),권정화(Jungwha Kwon),문인원(Moon In Won) 한국중독정신의학회 1999 중독정신의학 Vol.3 No.2
This study was carried out to compare the views and motivations of the drinking between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. The questionnaires of 35 items were applied to 67 alcoholics who were admitted to mental hospital and 74 nonalcoholics. The scores for the views and motivations of the drinking and factor analyses of them were compared. The results were as follows. 1) Alcoholics were lower educated, more in blue-collar occupations, more divorced and had a higher family tendency than nonalcoholics (p<0.05). 2) The mean score of the factor ‘goal-directed drinking’ was lower in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics (p<0.05). Both of alcoholics and nonalcoholics viewed our drinking culture first as entertaining, second as group cohesive and third as goal-directed drinking in the order (p<0.01). 3) Alcoholics preferred to drink to eliminate negative feelings (personal factors) than nonalcoholics (p<0.01).