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한국기업의 해외직접투자 성과결정요인에 대한 종합적 메타분석: 국내 발표논문들을 대상으로
라민툰,방호열 한국국제경영관리학회 2018 국제경영리뷰 Vol.22 No.2
본 연구는 한국기업의 해외직접투자 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 일반화하기 위해 국내에서 발표된 학회지 논문을 대상으로 메타분석(meta-analysis)을 실시하였다. 이를 위해, 해외직접투자 성과와 관련한 키워드를 선정하여, 국내 3개 학술저널 검색 사이트인 누리 미디어에서 운영한 ‘DBPIA’ 사이트, 학술연구정보서비스인 ‘RISS,’와 한국학술정보원 국내학술 논문 원문서비스인 ‘KISS’를 활용하여 대상 연구들을 추출하였다. 연구목적에 맞게 최종적으 로 추출된 41개 논문을 대상으로 메타분석방법 중에서 종합적 메타분석 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 일차적으로 학회지 별, 년도 별 연구현황 등을 분석하였으며, 다음으로 투표식 방법(the voting method)을 통해 설명변수에 대해 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 한국기업의 해외직접투자 경영성과에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 R&D가 6개로 가장 높았으며, 입지우위, 기업특유우위와 마케팅 능력, 기술이 5개로 긍정적인 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 투자기간, 문화적 유사성, 모기업의 국제화경험관련 연구는 4개, 진출 시기, 현지화, 모기업의 국제화 경험과 최고경영자 특성이 3개 연구에서 기업 성과에 긍정적인 정(+)의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구목적에 맞는 대상논문이 일반화하기에 부족하다는 한계가 있으나, 포괄적인 관점에서 해외직접투자의 경영성과 관련된 연구동향을 파악할 수 있고, 향후 관련분야에서 기초 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. This study is a meta-analysis of the previous studies on the performance of Korean firms' foreign direct investments(FDIs) published in Korea between 1992 and 2017. To meta-analyze the determinants of Korean firms’ FDI performance, forty one papers were selected. These papers are interested in empirical testing the relationships between various determining factors and FDI performance. To do this, we selected keywords related to foreign direct investment performance and extracted the research through three domestic academic journals, 'DBPIA' site operated by Nuri Media, Research Information Sharing Service, 'RISS' and Koreanstudies Information Service System 'KISS'. First, the research status of each journal and year was analyzed. Next, the voting method was used to analyze the explanatory variables. As a result of meta-analysis, a positive relationship between R&D factor and FDI performance was found in the six papers. It was found that location specific advantages, firm-specific advantages, marketing and technology factors had positive effects on Korean firms’ FDI performance in the 5 studies. In addition, in the four papers a positive relationship between investment period including international experience of parent firms and FDI performance was found. And lastly in the 3 studies, timing of entry, localization advantages, internationalization experience of parent firms and CEO characteristics had positive effects on Korean firms’ FDI performance. Even there are some limitations in generalization due to the small numbers of samples, it is helpful in grasping the current research trends from a comprehensive viewpoint and expected to be used as a guide for the future studies.
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미얀마에 진출한 한국 기업의 성공 사례에 대한 전략적 적합성 연구
라민툰,방호열 한국무역연구원 2019 무역연구 Vol.15 No.5
Purpose - The purpose of this study was to find the success factors of Korean firms’ FDIs in Myanmar from the strategic-fit approach. Design/methodology/approach – With the case study methodology, a strategic-fit approach was employed to explain how the external and internal fit was achieved. After the SWOT analysis was implemented to identify external opportunities & threats and internal strengths & weaknesses, then it was examined that how opportunities and threats are matched with strengths and weaknesses. Findings - First, good communication with employees is the most important strength of three out of four Korean firms, whereas lack of cultural understanding, information gathering and communication problems are their weaknesses. Second, Korean firms had faced several external opportunities including the Korean wave, market size, and favorable business environment of a local country. Last, The firms also had challenged by the external threats including changes in customer preference, inexpensive imports from other countries and emergence of several competitors. Research implications or Originality – The findings provide practical implications. Two Korean firms employed strategies based on differentiation rather than low-cost leadership. This finding provides a insightful implication because it contradictory to an intuitive decision. As Myanmar is a low income country, the intuitive conclusion will be to pursue a low-cost leadership. This study shows that a differentiation strategy also can be effective even in the low income countries. One Korean firm adopted a kind of the blue ocean strategy. The firm’s decision to set up a Korean hot-spa in Myanmar located in a tropical region looks at first sight like a irrational one. After all, it turns out that the Korean spa was a good place to enjoy the Korean Wave. An innovative and challenging idea is the core of the blue ocean strategy. The finding of this study has confirmed the fact.
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