87노동체제하 전북지역의 민주노동운동 : 전북노련을 중심으로

남춘호(Nahm Choon-Ho) 한국지역사회학회 2008 지역사회연구 Vol.16 No.1

This article explores the process of subject formation of democratic labor movement in Chonbuk region under 87 labor regime, especially focusing on mass (union) movement and activists' movement. The great workers' struggle in 1987 was a watershed in the history of labor movement in Chonbuk Region. Mass movement, which had been thoroughly oppressed by the exclusionary strategy of the authoritarian regime before 1987, spurted out in the open space of democratization. And activists' movement which had been already recognized as a symbolic center of democratic labor movement, closely supported the union movement. However early local organizations of labor unions (Chon-Min-No-Ryon) collapsed because of the identity crisis, which was mainly caused by the leadership fallacy. Chonbuk-No-Ryon, mostly consists of small unions in manufacturing industry, participated Chon-No-Hyop to build a new union organization. However labor movement withered since 1990 not because of extremist and militant leadership but because of aggressive repression of the state and capital. Chonbuk-No-Ryon tried to overcome the crisis through wide-range solidarity with white collar unions and large firm unions, and finally succeeded in organizing the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions. Under the structural constraints of 87 labor regime, labor movement in Chonbuk succeeded in obtaining institutional legitimacy and expanding the organizational space. However they should pay the price for that: division of activists movement and mass movement, the demise of activists movement, weakening of the Chonbuk-No-Ryon' s initiative, labor market flexibility.

식품불안정의 사회경제적 결정요인과 식품불안정이 건강에 미치는 영향

남춘호(Nahm Choon-Ho) 한국지역사회학회 2010 지역사회연구 Vol.18 No.2

This study alms to Investigate the socio-economic determinants and health consequences of food insecurity in Korea, using the third waves of Korean Welfare Panel Data. The prevalence level of food Insecurity differs across social groups. Multivariate analyses using logit regression show that socio-economically disadvantaged people - people with low education, low income, unemployed person, people in poverty, people without spouse, people with disability and non homeowners- are more likely to be food insecure. Income turns out to be one of the most important determining factors of food insecurity. However, a one-to-one correspondence between poverty-level income and food insecurity rate does not exist. This paper also explores how food insecurity relates to health. The result shows that food insecurity has independent effect on the subjective health and chronic disease morbidity, controlling for other socio-economic risk factors. In conclusion, food insecurity is a mediating factor between socioeconomic status and health and at the same time food insecurity relates to health Independently of socio-economic status and poverty. Future research using longitudinal data is suggested to improve theoretical and empirical models for more strict causal explanation of health consequences of food insecurity.

1960-70년대 태백지역 탄광산업의 이중구조와 노동자 상태

남춘호(Nahm Choon-Ho) 한국지역사회학회 2005 지역사회연구 Vol.13 No.3

외환위기 이후 지역별 주거이력 유형 비교 - 배열분석 방법을 중심으로 -

남춘호(Nahm, Choon-Ho) 한국지역사회학회 2019 지역사회연구 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구에서는 자료를 활용하여 주거이력에 대한 KLIPS(1998~2017) 배열분석을 실시함으로써 지역별로 주거이력의 주된 유형을 살펴보고, 지역불균등발전과 주택의 금융화라는 사회구조적 기회의 제약이 개인들의 주거선택에 미친 영향을 분석해보았다. 분석결과에 따르면 주거이력 유형들은 임차형주거이력과 자가형 주거이력으로 크게 나뉘어졌으며, 전지역적으로 발견된 저소득층의 임차형 주거이력유형은 주거면적이나 이주빈도 등에서 주거의 불안정성을 보여주었다. 이들 하위계층은 소득대비 높은 주택가격이 진입장벽으로 작용한데다 주택금융에 접근하는 데도 제한을 받아 자가부문으로 진입하지 못하고 자산증식의 기회에서도 배제된 것으로 드러났다. 한편 자가형 주거이력 유형들 중에서는 주택가격면에서는 저가형, 주택형태상으로는 단독주택형이 비수도권 지방에 많이 분포하였으며, 자가고가/대형아파트형 주거이력패턴이나 자가고가/대형연립형 주거이력 패턴은 수도권이나 서울에서 상대적으로 많이 나타났다. 그런데 비수도권에 주로 나타나는 주거이력 유형들에 비하여 수도권이나 서울형 주거이력패턴들이 자산절대액도 크고 자산증가도 많았다. 그중에서도 특히 수도권 청년코호트 대졸 전문직에서 자주 보이는 자가고가/대형아파트형 주거이력 패턴의 경우 순자산과 부동산 자산은 물론 금융자산과 부채도 많아서 주택금융화 체제하에서 저금리대출에 기반한 주택기반 자산 증식의 주도 집단이었음을 보여준다. 한편 서울이나 수도권에 비해서 비수도권이 금융화시기 주택기반 자산증식 기회에서는 배제되었으나, 소비재로서의 주거가 가지는 특성을 보여주는 주거면적 측면에서는 비수도권이 배제되었다고 보기는 어렵다. 주거불평등은 이제 임차가구와 자가소유가구 간의 불평등을 넘어서 자가소유가구들 사이에서도 주택기반 자산증식을 주도하는 집단과 거기서 배제된 집단 사이의 자산불평등 심화로 확대되고 있다. 또한 주거영역의 불평등은 경제적 불평등이 재생산과 교육 및 소비영역의 다중격차로 전환되는 매개역할을 수행한다. 그런데 본 연구의 결과에서 보듯이 이와 같은 새로운 주거의 불평등이 ‘지역’을 경계로 진행되어 왔다는 사실은 지역간 불평등이 다중격차 사회의 불평등을 가르는 주된 경계선으로 고착화될 위험성을 경고하고있다. In this study, the author analyzed the housing careers using KLIPS (1998~2017) data, and I found the main types of residential trajectories by region. The author analyzed the effect of social structural variables such as unequal regional development and housing financialization on individual choice of housing. According to the results, housing career types are mainly divided into rented housing careers and owned housing careers. The low-income rented housing career pattern found in all regions revealed low housing quality and housing instability. The lower classes were not able to enter the homeowners sector and were excluded from the opportunity for asset proliferation. Low-income households could not afford to access mortgage finance and high housing prices served as a barrier to buying homes for them. Among the housing career types of homeowners, the housing career patterns that appear mainly in Seoul and the Seoul metropolitan area have larger asset value than the housing career patterns that appear mostly in the non-capital area. The results show that non-capital region was excluded from the opportunity to increase housing-based assets compared to Seoul or the capital region. Housing inequality now extends beyond the inequalities between leased and home-owned households, and even among home-owners households, the inequality between wealthy and unsuccessful households is growing. The region serves as a demarcation line of housing inequality. The inequality of housing inequality acts as a key inequality mechanism for multiple disparities.

텍스트마이닝을 활용한 한국 언론의 청년담론 및 청년개념 분석

남춘호(Nahm, Choon-Ho),유승환(Seunghwan Yoo) 한국지역사회학회 2021 지역사회연구 Vol.29 No.4

언론은 담론경쟁의 장이며 언론에 나타난 다양한 청년담론들은 청년을 둘러싼 사회현실에 대한 해석의 틀을 제공함과 동시에 청년들을 특정한 주체로 동원하는 효과를 가진다. 본 연구에서는 청년담론의 권력기능 및 주체화효과에 주목하여 텍스트마이닝 기법을 통해 언론에 나타난 청년담론을 분석하고, 1920년 이후 근대 100년에 걸친 청년 개념의 표상변화를 추적해보았다. 토픽모델링을 통한 청년담론의 내용분석결과 1987년 이전까지 높은 빈도로 나타났던 학생운동토픽은 최근으로 올수록 줄어들고 대신 선거나 정치 관련 토픽이 늘어나 청년들은 점차 제도화된 선거에 수동적으로 소환되는 존재로 그려지고 있다. 한편 1998년 IMF 경제위기 이후로는 청년고용실업 담론이 청년담론의 핵심으로 부상하였으며 이런 경향은 경제지에서 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 그런데 중앙지와 지방지를 비교할 경우 중앙지에는 다양한 청년담론이 상대적으로 고르게 나타나고 있으나 지방지는 청년일자리 관점에만 매몰된 채 편협한 시각에서 청년을 그리고 있다. 한편 청년 개념의 용례를 분석한 결과를 보면 청년을 연령범주로 사용하는 용례는 2000년대 이후 집중적으로 나타나며, 청년개념의 도입초기인 일제강점기에는 청년용례의 대부분이 청년회 등의 청년조직이나 청년운동이었다. 1920년대 청년들은 민족의 근대화를 이끌어갈 주된 사회세력으로 호명되었으며, 이후 1930년대 말이 되면 총독부에 의해 황국신민의 전형으로서의 보국청년이나 모범청년으로 동원되기도 하고, 해방이후에는 국가권력에 의해 반공청년이나 재건청년으로 호출되기도 하였다. 그렇지만 일제말기부터 1970년대까지 총독부나 국가권력이 청년담론을 주도하던 시기에도 지속적으로 괴청년용례가 나타나 권력의 지배담론에도 균열과 저항의 지점이 존재했음을 보여준다. The authors analyzed the youth discourse in the media using text mining techniques and tracked the changes in representation of the youth concept during the modern 100 years since 1920. According to the results of topic modeling analysis, the student movement topic, which had been shown at a high frequency until 1987, has decreased in recent years. Instead, election-related topics are increasing, and young people are gradually portrayed as passively called upon to institutionalized elections. After the 1998 IMF economic crisis, youth unemployment discourse emerged as the core of youth discourse. This trend was most evident in economic journals and was more pronounced in local media than in national media. The analysis of conceptual history shows that the use of youth as an age category has mainly appeared recently since the 2000s. Most of the youth usage cases in the Japanese colonial era referred to youth associations, youth organizations, and youth movements. In the 1920s, young people were considered the main social forces that would lead the modernization of the country, but in the late 1930s, they were mobilized by the Japanese Government-General as patriotic or model youth. After liberation, they were portrayed as anti-communist or reconstructed youth. However, even when the Japanese Government-General of Korea or the state power led the youth discourse, there were continuous cases of "suspicious youth" language use. This indicates there were cracks and resistance points in the dominant youth discourse of the power.

압축근대와 생애과정의 구조 변동

남춘호(Nahm, Choon-Ho) 한국지역사회학회 2014 지역사회연구 Vol.22 No.2

This article examines how the early life course transition to adulthood has changed in Korea over the period of compressed modernization using census data between 1960 and 2010. The author used entropy analysis to describe the changes in the heterogeneity of status combinations of transition events (leaving school, employment, marriage, and household headship). The total entropy has sharply decreased at teen ages between 1960 and 1990 because of the reduced contribution of conditional entropy of education and employment status, while the status heterogeneity of young people aged 25 or over has increased substantially due to increased contribution of marriage, education and employment status since 1990. Analysis of mutual information shows that the interconnection between transition events such as marriage and household headship, employment and marriage, employment and household headship has been strengthened until 1990 and weakened since then. The decrease of status heterogeneity for teenagers and coupling of transition markers between 1960 and 1990 point to standardization of the life course, while the increase of status heterogeneity for young people aged 25 or over and decoupling of transition markers since 1990 point to de-standardization of the life course. However the empirical results do not lead to any clear conclusion about individualization thesis. Future research should take agency issue more seriously through the theoretical integration of concepts from life course sociology and psychological life span theory, to examine whether the de-standardization trend can be interpreted as individualization of the life courses.

일기자료 연구에서 토픽모델링 기법의 활용가능성 검토

남춘호(Nahm, Choon-Ho) 서울대학교 비교문화연구소 2016 비교문화연구 Vol.22 No.1

최근 들어 각종 문헌자료들의 디지털화가 급속히 진행되고 있으며 일상 생활사 자료로서의 의의가 새롭게 부각되어온 일기자료 역시 예외는 아니다. 그러나 디지털화된 텍스트자료들은 그 방대한 규모로 인하여 전통적인 텍스트분석방법으로는 소화해내기에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 해당 분야에 대한 별다른 사전적 전문지식이 없이도 방대한 디지털 텍스트자료로부터 소수의 의미 있는 토픽을 추출해주는 알고리즘으로 알려진 토픽모델링 기법의 특징과 이론적 전제에 대해 살펴보고, 이를 농민일기 분석에 예시적으로 적용해보았다. 토픽모델링 기법을 적용하여 아포일기에서 추출된 토픽들은 해석가능성이나 외적 타당도 측면에서 유의미한 것으로 드러났다. 전통적 텍스트분석방법에 의한 연구결과와의 비교에서도 대체로 일맥상통하는 것으로 나타났으며, 더 나아가 기존연구에서는 간과하였던 새로운 토픽을 발견해낼 수도 있음을 보여주었다. 이런 연구결과에 기반하여 향후 일기자료 연구에 토픽모델링 기법이 본격적으로 활용되기 위해서는 검토해야 할 부분이 무엇인지 토픽모델링의 주요 특징으로 알려진 1) 연구분야에 대한 사전적 지식을 요구하지 않는 점, 2) 멀리서 읽기, 3) ‘어휘자루’ 가정과 관계적 의미 전제를 중심으로 논의해 보았다. Rapid digitization of text documents, including personal diaries, raised a new puzzle: how can researchers analyze ‘large quantities’ of textual data efficiently and effectively? The author presents topic modeling as a promising solution to these challenges. The most distinctive feature of topic models is that they provide an automated procedure for coding the content of a corpus of texts into a set of substantively meaningful categories called ‘topics’. The author discussed the theoretical presumptions of the topic modeling technique. The author illustrated the strength of topic modeling methods as a means of analyzing large text corpora by applying them to a farmer’s diary (Appo diary). Topics extracted by topic modeling method are significant in terms of interpretability and external validity. Most of the results of topic modeling coincide with the results of traditional content analysis. In addition, topic modeling extracted a new topic, which the traditional content analysis had overlooked. Based on this findings, the author discussed the demands and limitations of the methods focusing on three major characteristics of topic modeling methods: Bag of words assumption, no need of a priori coding list (prior domain expertise), and distant reading.

생애과정의 탈표준화에 대한 경험적 연구: 남성들의 성인이행 배열분석을 중심으로

남춘호 ( Choon Ho Nahm ) 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2015 지역과 세계 Vol.39 No.1

This research analyzes the sequence of transition to adulthood of men born between 1949 and 1978 in order to examine how the early life course has changed in Korea using 1-15th Wave of KLIPS data. The result shows that the institutionalization of the life course based on the establishment of educational system and the expansion of industrial labor market made the early life course transition of the cohort born between 1946 and 1954 more standardized, compared to the life course of the cohort born before 1945. However, among the men born since 1963, the transition pattern of high education with postponed family formation increased sharply and the transition pattern of low education with failed family formation showed steady rise while the traditional transition pattern decreased, which implies the de-standardization trend of life course of those cohort. It is not the employment itself but the stability of the job which distinguishes the traditional transition pattern from the postponed or failed family-formation pattern. Each individual people’s transition path to adulthood depends on one’s individual resource and family background in the socio-institutional environment of compressed modernity without welfare in Korea. The findings alarm that the process of the de-standardization might be a mechanism which deepens social inequality and impairs social unity.

일자리 양극화와 이동에 대한 사회학적 연구

남춘호 ( Choon Ho Nahm ) 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2011 지역과 세계 Vol.35 No.1

This article examines job distribution and job mobility in Korean labor market using economically active population survey data. The result shows that the job polarization hypothesis gives us a more accurate description than upgrading hypothesis about the trends of job distribution measured by job quality index. Changing occupational structure, de-industrialization, increased labor supply of women and older people, companies` increased hiring of non-standard workers seems to be affecting the distribution of jobs. However, it is difficult to judge which one would be the decisive factor. Mid-career men with high education are turned out to be winners in job mobility, whereas non-standard workers from small firms are more vulnerable to downward mobility. One noticeable point is that young workers have higher probability than middle aged workers both in upward mobility and downward mobility. Based on these empirical results it is conjectured that the Korean labor market is still segmented by firm size and employment type. The result that job turnover leads to low quality jobs means it`s not easy to adopt the ``flexicurity model`` as a new alternative in Korean labor market. In accordance with insider-outsider theory, existing workers are more protected than new entrants in job mobility. Contrary to Beck`s Zombie Class hypothesis, working class is more likely to move downward than service class and routine non-manual class.

사회학적 연구에서 표본선택편의

남춘호(Nahm Choon-Ho) 한국사회학회 1998 韓國社會學 Vol.32 No.SP