White Rot of Korean Wild Chive Caused by Stromatinia cepivora

김완규,Gyo-Bin Lee,Hong-Sik Shim,Weon-Dae Cho 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.2

In May 2020, we surveyed disease occurrence on vegetables grown in Seosan area, Korea. During the disease survey, white rot symptoms were observed in Korean wild chive (Allium monanthum) plants growing in fields. The symptoms occurred mainly in the seed bulb-producing fields of the crop. The above ground parts of the diseased plants displayed premature yellowing and dying of older leaves and stunting of the plants. The bulbs and roots of the diseased plants turned black and rotted. The disease occurred in a range of 1–60% in four of the eight fields surveyed. Three isolates of Sclerotium sp. were obtained from the bulb lesions of diseased plants. All isolates were identified as Stromatinia cepivora based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Pathogenicity of the isolates on Korean wild chive was confirmed by artificial inoculation test. The lesions induced by the inoculation test were similar to those observed in the investigated fields. This is the first report of S. cepivora causing white rot in Korean wild chive.

Occurrence of Web Blight in Soybean Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IA) in Korea

김완규,한성숙,Sung Kee Hong 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

Web blight symptoms were frequently observed on soybean plants grown in a farmer's fields located in Jincheon in Korea during a disease survey in August, 2005. Incidence of the disease was 5-20% infected plants in two of four soybean fields investigated. A total of 31 isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. were obtained from leaves, leaf petioles, and pods of diseased soybean plants. The isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IA) by anastomosis test and based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. Three isolates of R. solani AG-1(IA) were tested for pathogenicity to five cultivars of soybean by artificial inoculation. All the isolates induced blight symptoms on the leaves of soybean and formed sclerotia on the lesions, which were similar to those observed in the field. The pathogenicity tests revealed that all the soybean cultivars tested were susceptible to the pathogen. There was no difference in the pathogenicity among the isolates. The present study first reveals that R. solani AG-1(IA) causes web blight of soybean in Korea.

Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2IIIB에 의한 마 뿌리썩음병의 한국 내 발생

홍성기 ( Sung Kee Hong ),이재국 ( Jae Kook Lee ),이영기 ( Young Kee Lee ),이상엽 ( Sang Yeob Lee ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ),심홍식 ( Hong Sik Shim ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

2011년 안동과 진주의 마 재배포장에서 줄기 지제부 및 괴근썩음 증상이 나타났다. 병징을 나타내는 부위로부터 Rhizoctonia 와 유사 속에 속하는 20개 균주가 분리되었다. rDNA-internal transcribed spacer(ITS) 염기서열 상동성을 기초로 8균주는 Rhizoctonia solani, 12균주는 Ceratobasidium sp.로 동정되었다. rDNA- ITS 염기서열의 cluster 분석에 의해 R. solani에 속하는 8개 균주 중 7개 균주는 균사융 합군 AG 2-2IIIB, 1균주는 AG 1-1A에 속하였다. 또한, Ceratobasidium sp.에 속하는 12균주 중 7균주는 AG-Fa, 3균주는 AG-A, 나머지 2균주는 각각 AG-Fb와 AG-O에 속하였다. R. solani AG 2-2IIIB 균주들은 마의 줄기와 괴근에 병원성이었으나 R. solani AG 1-1A와 모든 Ceratobasidium sp, 균주는 비병원성이라는 것이 확인되었다, 이 결과는 조사지역에서 R. solani AG 2-2IIIB가 마의 줄기 및 괴근썩음병을 일으키는 중요한 병원균이라는 것을 나타낸다. 이 연구는 국내에서 R. solani AG 2-2IIIB에 의한 마 뿌리썩음병에 대하여 처음으로 보고하는 것이다. Stem canker and tuber rot symptoms were observed on yam grown in Andong and Jinju, Korea in 2011. A total of 20 isolates of Rhizoctonia and allied fungi were obtained from the symptomatic plants. Among the isolates, 8 isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani and 12 isolates as Ceratobasidium sp. based on rDNAinternal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity. In the cluster analysis of rDNA-ITS sequences, 7 isolates of R. solani belonged to AG 2-2IIIB and remaining one to AG 1-1A. In addition, among the 12 isolates of Ceratobasidium sp., 7 isolates belonged to AG-Fa, three isolates to AG-A and the other two isolates to AG-Fb and AGO, respectively. Pathogenicity tests showed that all the R. solani AG 2-2IIIB isolates are pathogenic on stem and tuber of yam but R. solani AG 1-1A and all the Ceratobasidium isolates are non-pathogenic. The results indicate that R. solani AG 2-2IIIB is an important pathogen causing stem canker and tuber rot on yams grown in the study areas. This is the first report of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB causing stem canker and tuber rot of yam in Korea.

전기응집 분리 막 생물반응기의 막 오염 저감

김완규(Wan-Kyu Kim),홍성준(Sung-Jun Hong),장인성(In-Soung Chang) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.8

전기응집 (Electro-coagulation)을 활용한 분리 막 생물반응기 (Membrane Bio-Reactor) 공정의 막 오염 저감 현상을 확인하고 이를 해석하고자 하였다. 전기응집의 주요 운전 인자인 전류밀도와 접촉시간 변화가 활성슬러지 혼합액의 막 여과에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고 전기응집 과정에서 발생하는 수산화금속염이 막 오염에 미치는 역할에 대해 연구하였다. 전류밀도를 10 A/m² 으로 높게 유지한 경우에는 전기응집 시간이 증가하여도 막 오염 감소 효과가 크지 않은 반면 2.5 A/m²의낮은전류밀도 하에서는 전기응집 시간이 증가하면 추가적인 막 오염 감소가 관찰되었다. 즉, 막 오염을 감소시키는 전류밀도와 접촉시간의 곱이 전체 막 오염 저감 정도를 지배하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 주어진 전류밀도와 인가시간에서 입도분포는 크게 변화하지 않은 것으로 나타나 콜로이드 입자와 막 오염 저감과는 큰 관련성이 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 전기응집을 통해 생성된 수산화알루미늄 (인산알루미늄)이 막 여과 과정에서 동적 막 (Dynamic Membrane)을 형성하여 막오염 현상을 완화하는 것으로 확인되었다. 전기응집에서 발생한 수산화금속염이 막 표면에 동적 막을 형성하고 이로 인해 유입수의 입자성분이 직접 막 표면과 내부에 침적되는 것을 방해하고 동적 막에 주로 쌓이게 함으로써 막 오염이 감소된 것이다. 본 연구에서 밝힌 수산화금속염에 의한 동적 막의 역할은 전기응집을 활용한 MBR 공정의 후 막 오염 감소 메커니즘을 해석하는데 중요한 역할을 한다고 결론지을 수 있다. Membrane fouling in EC-MBR (Electro-Coagulation aided Membrane Bio-Reactor) processes was evaluated according to the operating parameters, such as current density and contact time. In addition, the fouling mechanism was investigated. Compared to the control (i.e., no electro-coagulation), membrane fouling for filtration of the activated sludge suspension after electro-coagulation was reduced significantly. Membrane fouling was improved further when the contact time was doubled under a low current density of 2.5A/m². On the other hand, membrane fouling was not mitigated further, as expected, even though the contact time was doubled from 12 to 24 hr. at a current density of 10A/m². This indicates that the overall decrease in membrane fouling is a function of the product of the current density and contact time. The particle size of the activated sludge flocs after electro-coagulation was changed slightly, which means that the membrane fouling reduction was not attributed to a larger particle size resulting from electro-coagulation. The experimental confirmed that the dynamic membrane made from aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, and/or aluminum phosphate, Al(PO4), which had been formed during the electro-coagulation, played a key role on the reduction of membrane fouling. The dynamic membrane prevents the particles in the feed solution from deposition to the membrane pores and cake layers. Dynamic membrane formation as a result of electro-coagulation plays a critical role in the mitigation of membrane fouling in EC-MBR.

보문 : 한국 내 유채노균병의 발생 및 유채노균병에 대한 유채품종 저항성

김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ),홍성기 ( Sung Kee Hong ),최효원 ( Hyo Won Choi ),명인식 ( Inn Shik Myung ),최인후 ( In Hu Choi ) 한국균학회 2010 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.38 No.2

Downy mildew commonly occurred in six of seven locations investigated in Korea during disease survey performed in 2007 and 2008. This report provides screened results on resistance of Korean varieties of rape to downy mildew in the field.

Bacillus sp. NAAS-1을 이용한 고추 탄저병 생물학적 방제

유재홍 ( Jae Hong Yoo ),박인철 ( In Cheol Park ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

고추포장의 토양에서 분리한 Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 Colletotrichum acutatum에 대한 생물학적 방제 활성을 검정 하였다 이 분리균주를 일종의 작물보호제인 카밴다짐·가스가마이신 수화제와 비교하여 검정한 결과, 기준사용량 농도(50uL/mL)와 비슷한 항진균 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 생물 검정 결과, 공시 작물보호제의 기준사용량 농도(50uL/mL)에서 보다 고추 탄저병균의 발병억제효과가 높게 나타나내었다. Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 isolated from the field of Chili pepper was tested for biocontrol activity against anthracnose pathogen of Chili pepper caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. The antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 culture broth was compared with synthetic fungicide containing carbendazim (40%) and kasugamycin (3.45%). Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 showed a similar fungicidal activity against the anthracnose pathogen at the concentration of 50uL/mL in comparison to the fungicide containing carbendazim (40%) and kasugamycin (3.45%) using a cup method. Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 also exhibited its potent fungicidal activity against the anthracnose in vivo test at the concentration of 50uL/mL when compared to the fungicide containing carbendazim (40%) and kasugamycin (3.45%)

된장에서 분리한 효모(Pichia farinosa NASS-2)의 돈분 악취감소효과

유재홍 ( Jae Hong Yoo ),박인철 ( In Cheol Park ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

경기도 지방의 된장 시료로부터 악취감소 효과 미생물중에서 효모가 분리되었으며 rDNA염기서열분석에 의하여 Pichia farinosa로 동정 되었다. 공시균주 P. farinosa NASS-2로 대량배양조건 확립 및 미생물처리제를 제조하였다. 분리한 효모로 제조한 악취저감효과 처리제의 실내 시험결과 돈분에 미생물제를 처리하고 15일 경과 후 악취가스 감소율을 조사한 결과, 암모니아가스(NH3 gas)는 처리 전 19.49ppm에서 처리 후는 1.38ppm으로, 황화수소가스(H2S gas)는 처리 전 5.89 ppb에서 처리 후는 0.32ppb으로 감소하는 효과를 나타내었다. 일반적으로 박테리아가 악취저감효과 미생물로 사용되고 있으나 본 연구에서 사용한 된장에서 분리한 효모 특히 산막효모인 P. farinosa NASS-2의 악취효과(암모니아가스, 황화수소 가스)는 처음 보고이다. The different microbial species were isolated from soy bean paste samples. A yeast strain NASS-2 was effective to decrease odor activity on pig excreata was identified as Pichia farinosa based on nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal DNA and Internal transcribed space (ITS). The extracellular fraction of P. farinosa NASS-2 was effective to decrease odor activity of pig excrements. Optimal medium component for decreasing order activity on odor material composed of soluble starch 2.0% (w/v) and yeast extract 0.8% (v/v), The decrease of odor material was maximum at 28oC for 72 hours with pH 5.5. When the P. farinosa NASS-2 culture broth was treated to pig excrements, the removal efficiency was an average concentration with 1.38ppm of ammonia gas.

총설: 균류의 새로운 명명 규약과 일균일명 체계로의 전환

홍승범 ( Seung Beom Hong ),권순우 ( Soon Wo Kwon ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

곰팡이의 명명을 규정하는 규약이 ``국제식물명명규약 (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, ICBN)``에서 ``국제 조류, 균류, 식물 명명 규약(International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, ICN)``으로 바뀌게 되었다(2011.7). ICBN에서 ICN으로 바뀌게 되면서 많은 변화가 있지만 가장 큰 변화는 곰팡이의 이중명명을 더 이상 허용하지 않는다(2013. 1)는 것이다. 새로운 이름을 가질 곰팡이는 이 규칙에 따라 명명하면 되지만 문제는 2013년 1월 1일 이전에 완전세대와 불완전 세대에 근거하여 두 개의 이름을 이미 가지고 있는 10,000-12,000개의 곰팡이의 경우이다. 우선 ICN에는 이에 대한 혼란을 막기 위해서 2013년 1월 1일 전에 이전의 명명규약에 의하여 보고된 학명은 유효성과 합법성을 유지한 채 우선권의 원칙에 따라 서로 경쟁한다는 조항을 추가하였다. 하지만 결국은 세대에 관계없이 하나의 곰팡이 이름을 사용해야 할 것이며 이에 따라 세계 균학계는 곰팡이 분야별 작업반 또는 위원회를 결성하는 등 바쁘게 움직이고 있다. 일균 일명 체계로의 전환에 대한 배경, 경과, 그리고 향후 전망에 대하여 상술하였다. 이 외에도 전자출판이 유효출판으로 인정(2012.1)되게 되었고, 영어 신종기술도 정당출판으로 인정되게 되었으며(2012. 1), 또한 신종의 학명과 필수정보를 공인정보저장소에 등록하는 것이 의무화 된다(2013. 1). 곰팡이의 새로운 명명규약과 일균일명 체계로의 전환에 대한 국제 균학계의 움직임을 국내에 한글로 쉽게 소개하였다. Nomenclatural code for fungi was dramatically modified in the 18th International Botanical Congress (IBC) held in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011. Its name was changed into International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN), which was formerly called as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) of the Vienna Code of 2005, The most important change for fungi is abandoning dual nomenclature and introducing one fungus/one name system (2013, 1), Since more than 10,000 species of fungal names should be renamed based on this new classification system (one fungus/one name system), it is challenging to both mycologists and taxonomic users such as plant pathologists and food scientists. Here, we introduced background, progress and future plan for its transition into one fungus/one name system. The new code is allowing electronic-only publication of names of new taxa (2102. 1) and the requirement for a Latin validating diagnosis was changed to allow either English or Latin for the publication of a new name (2011. 1). Furthermore, pre-publication deposit of key nomenclatural information in a recognized repository is mandatory in ICN (2013. 1). The aims of this manuscript are to introduce new code of fungal nomenclature and recent trends in one fungus/one name system to Korean mycological society.

보문 : Botrytis cinerea에 의한 블루베리 잿빛곰팡이병의 한국 내 발생

홍성기 ( Sung Kee Hong ),최효원 ( Hyo Won Choi ),이영기 ( Young Kee Lee ),이상엽 ( Sang Yeob Lee ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.3

Gray mold symptoms were frequently observed on green twigs, blossoms, leaves, and fruits of blueberry trees grown in greenhouses in Cheongyang, Dangjin, Daejeon, and Jeju during disease survey in eight locations of Korea from 2007 to 2010. The disease symptoms were not observed in the fields of the other locations investigated. The disease incidence ranged 1~30% in the greenhouses investigated. A total of 27 single spore isolates of Botrytis species were obtained from the gray mold symptoms, and all the isolates were identified as Botrytis cinerea based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to leaves of four varieties of blueberry trees by artificial inoculation with conidial suspensions. All the tested isolates caused gray mold symptoms on the leaves, which were similar to those observed in the greenhouses. This is the first report that B. cinerea causes gray mold of blueberry trees grown in greenhouses in Korea.

보문 : Paraconiothyrium minitans CM2의 상추균핵병균(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor) 균핵 발아에 대한 억제 효과

이상엽 ( Sang Yeob Lee ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ),홍성기 ( Sung Kee Hong ),원항연 ( Hang Yeon Weon ),박경석 ( Kyung Seok Park ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

One fungal isolate CM2 parasitic to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor causing Sclerotinia rot of lettuce was identified as Paraconiothyrium minitans based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. P. minitans CM2 grew best on PDA with pH 6.5 at 22℃ under alternating cycles of 12 hr near ultraviolet light and 12 hr darkness. Scleroria of S. sclerotiorum and S. minor treated with conidial suspension of P. minitans CM2 did not directly germinate and produced no apothecia.