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활성오니 미생물에 의한 PLLA 와 그 블렌드의 생분해
김말남,김근화 ( Mal Nam Kim,Keun Hwa Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Dependence of biodegradability of Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and its blends on molecular weight and compatibility was explored using microorganisms in an activated sludge. The microorganisms metabolited PLLA relatively easily into CO_2 when the molecular weight of PLLA was as low as 6,000g/mol. However the molecular weight effect on the biodegradability leveled off when the molecular weight exceeded 12,000 g/mol. Biodegradability of PLLA blended with poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) which is recalcitrant against biodegradation varied along with the compatibility of the blend. Addition of EVA85 (vinyl acetate content of 85 wt%) into PLLA decreased the biodegradability rapidly while EVA70 (vinyl acetate content of 70 wt%) lowered the biodegradability relatively slowly.
Poly ( 3 - hydroxybutyrate ) 표면 형태가 생분해에 미치는 영향
김말남(Mal Nam Kim),이애리(Ae Ri Lee) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.3
The effect of surface roughness on biodegradability of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) was investigated. The PHB film prepared by cooling the molten polymer slowly (-0.5℃/min) had higher crystallinity and melting temperature than that prepared by quenching into liquid nitrogen followed by annealing at 90℃ for 2 hours. However, the former sample was found to degrade faster than the latter due to presence of microscopic crack. Roughening the surface of a PHB film by hot pressing under a coarse surfaced plate accelerated the bioerosion considerably of the sample in comparison with the sample having the same thermal history but smooth surface. [Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradability, surface roughness, the modified Sturm test].
Staphylococcus epidermidis 에 흡착된 중금속의 탈착
김말남 ( Mal Nam Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1995 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.13 No.2
Desorption of Cd^2+, Cu^2+ and Zn^2+ adsorbed in free cells and polyacrylamide immobilized cells of S. epidermidis was exploited using 0.001-1.5M of HCl, Na_2CO_3, EDTA and NTA. Cu^2+ and Zn^2+ were desorbed more easily from free cells rather than from immobilized cells. However 0.1M of EDTA and 1.5M HCl desorbed equal amount of Cd^2+ from immobilized cells and from free cells respectively. Efficacity of the metal desorption decreased in order of Cd^2+ > Cu^2+ > Zn^2+ for free cells as well as for immobilized cells. Cd^2+ desorbed fast from the sorbents but 23% and 35% of Cu^2+ and Zn^2+ respectively remained in the immobilized cells and 16% of Zn^2+ subsisted in free cells even after 50 hours of desorption by 1M HCl. These phenomena inferred these remaining metal ions were chemically bound to the adsorbents.
토양 매립 시험에서 Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)의 생분해 특성
김말남 ( Mal Nam Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 2010 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Biodegradation behavior of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) was examined when PBSA was buried in the natural soil and the soil inoculated with Burkholderia cepacia after sterilization. After 80 days of the soil burial test at room temperature, the PBSA film buried in the natural soil lost 34.0% of its intial weight, while the same film lost 59.2% of its initial weight when buried in the sterile soil inoculated with B. cepacia. The optical and SEM observations of the surface morphology of the PBSA film also indicated that the surface erosion and rupture took place faster when the film was buried in the sterile soil inoculated with B. cepacia compared to the film buried in the natural soil. Viable cell number in the natural soil and that the sterile soil inoculated with B. cepacia increased by a factor of 6~7 and 10~14, respectively as compared to the initial viable cell number.
Candida sp. LSY2 중금속 내성주를 이용한 BOD 분석
김말남(Mal Nam Kim),이선영(Sun Young Lee) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.4
A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor loaded with Candida sp. was designed and constructed for the quick measurement of the concentrations of biologically assimilable organic substances dissolved in water. The sensitivity of the sensor was higher for glucose, acetic acid, aspartic acid and glutamic acid than that for lactose, sucrose and lactic acid. The sensitivities of BOD sensors loaded with Zn^2+ tolerant and intact strains were almost identical while the sensitivity of sensor loaded with Cd^2+ tolerant strain was considerably lower. The sensitivities of the sensors loaded with intact or Zn^2+ tolerant strains did not change with the concentration of Cd^2+ in the aqueous solution while the sensitivity of the sensor loaded with Cd^2+ tolerant strain decreased slightly. The sensitivities of the sensors loaded with intact strain, Zn^2+ or Cd^2+, tolerant strains were not affected by the concentration of Zn^2+ in the aqueous solution. [BOD biosensor, Candida sp., Zn^2+ tolerant strain, Cd^2+ tolerant strain].
김말남 ( Mal Nam Kim ),임아현 ( A Hyun Lim ),이진환 ( Jin Hwan Lee ),김종만 ( Jong Man Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 2004 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.22 No.1
2000년부터 2002년까지 통영 바다목장 해역 5개 정점 표층수와 저층수에서 종속영양세균의 개체수를 평판계수법으로 측정하여 종속영양세균군집의 계절별 변동추이를 비교 분석하고, 우점종을 선별하여 동정하였다. 7월과 8월의 하절기에 채수한 해수에는 봄 혹은 가을 및 겨울에 채수한 해수에 비하여 모든 정점에서 훨씬 더 많은 종속영양세균이 검출되었다. 저층수에 비하여 표충수에서 종속영양세균의 수가 더 많았으나 동절기 (2001년 12월과 2002년 2월)에는 해수 온도가 낮으며 해수의 대류가 느려짐에 따라 부유물질이 저층에 축적되는 관계로 저층수의 종속영양세균의 수가 표층수의 경우 보다 오히려 더 많이 검출되었다. 해수 내 종속영양세균의 수와 태풍의 빈도는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보이지 않아 태풍의 빈도 이외에 태풍의 진로와 강도 및 태풍을 수반하는 집중 호우와 해수의 온도 변화가 종속영양세균의 수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 통영 바다목장 해역의 종속영양세균의 우점종은 Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter lwoffii 및 Sphingomonas paucimobilis로 동정되었다. Surface and bottom sea water samples were harvested from the 5 stations in the marine ranching ground of Tongyeong coastal water from year 2000 to 2002. Cell number of heterotrophic bacteria was determined by using the plate counting method to explore the variation of the cell population of heterotrophic bacteria. Sea water samples collected in summer (in July and August) contained much larger number of heterotrophic bacteria than those harvested in spring, autumn and winter. Heterotrophic bacteria were usually more abundant in surface sea than in bottom sea water. However the reverse was true for sea water collected in December 2001 and February 2002 due to suspended solids accumulating more abundantly in seabed area because of the slower convective current of the sea water in winter. Number of heterotrophic bacteria did not have a strong relationship with frequency of typhoon indicating that the path and powerfulness of the typhoon, localized torrential downpour and temperature variation accompanying the typhoon should be considered all together at the same time as well as the frequency of typhoon to explain clearly the variation of cell number of heterotrophic bacteria. The dominant species isolated from the marine ranching ground of Tongyeong were identified to be Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Sphingomonas paucimobilis.