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권효숙 ( Hyo Suk Gwon ),김희권 ( Hee Kwon Kim ),박준홍 ( Jun Hong Park ),정현철 ( Hyun Cheol Jeong ),주옥정 ( Ok Jung Ju ),김필주 ( Pil Joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-
Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases and may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Flooded rice fields are a significant source of atmospheric CH4. The emission is the net result of opposing bacterial processes, production in anaerobic microenvironments, and consumption and oxidation in aerobic microenvironments, both of which can be found side by side in flooded rice soils. There are two methodological tiers in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC Guidelines). Measurement of methane emission using a Tier 2 approach is accurate in that the data reflects conditions specific to the agronomic practices, soil properties, and climate of site-specific studies within a country. The accuracy and precision of Tier 2 methane emission estimates increase with both the number of sites tested and the frequency and number of measurements at each site. A standard measurement technique is recommended in the IPCC Guidelines. Total CH4 emission level in national scale could be estimated by multiplying emission factor (EFs) and activities, and emission factor (EF) could be calculated by Baseline emission factor (EFc) x Scaling Factors (SFs). Other data such as area studies, soil maps, and climate information are necessary to the success of the reported data. Crop yield and other grain production data are also important in assessing the quality and accuracy of methane emission levels. In order to develop our own CH4 emission factor, mean EFc was estimated by using the field CH4 emission data, which were investigated from 5 typical rice paddy fields (Jinju, Daegu, Gwangju, Hwasung and Suwon) for 3 years (2010-2012). Our mean EFc was 2.21 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 with error range ±0.330 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, which was higher IPCC default CH4 baseline emission factor 1.30 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 with error range 0.80-2.20 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 assessing no flooding for less than 180 days prior to rice cultivation, and continuously flooded during rice cultivation without organic matter. To enhance data accuracy, the relationship between CH4 emission rates and other related properties such as soil, metrological and crop characteristics was analyzed. Our CH4 emission rates have significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter content, air and soil temperatures, and rice biomass productivity. Conclusively, CH4 baseline emission factor (EFc) of Korean paddy soil assumed with around 2.21 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, and this EFc value could be used as the baseline emission factor for developing national CH4 inventory and calculating national CH4 emission factor from rice paddy soil.
권효숙(Hyosuk Gwon),이형석(Hyeongseok Lee),이선일(Sunil Lee),최은정(Eunjung Choi),이종문(Jongmun Lee),강성수(Seongsoo Kang) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
논은 물을 가둔 상태로 벼를 재배하는 특이적 환경으로, 우리나라 총 메탄(CH₄) 배출의 23%가 벼 재배 과정에서 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 논에서 메탄 배출을 저감하기 위하여 중간물떼기와 같은 물관리 기술이 중점적으로 적용되고 있으나, 이로 인한 아산화질소(N₂O) 배출 증가 부작용은 간과되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중간물떼기를 실시하는 논에서 간과되고 있는 아산화질소 배출량의 정량적 평가를 통해 아산화질소 배출 측정의 중요성에 대해 논의하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 2018~2019년 동안 벼 재배 시 상시담수(CF) 및 중간물떼기(ID)를 실시, 챔버법을 이용하여 아산화질소 배출 변화 및 배출량을 조사하였다. 동시에 아산화질소 배출원이 질소비료인 만큼 요소비료(U)를 처리구와 함께, 요소비료를 대체하는 완효성비료(SRF), 헤어리베치혼합(HV) 처리구를 추가로 설치하여 중간물떼기에 따른 아산화질소 배출 변화를 조사하였다. 2018년과 2019년에서 공통적으로 중간물떼기 후에 상시담수를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 아산화질소 배출이 증가하였다. 중간물떼기가 끝나고 재담수를 실시하자 아산화질소 배출은 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으나, 벼 수확을 위해 완전물떼기(이앙후 100일경)를 실시하자 아산화질소 배출이 다시 증가하였다. 그 결과 벼 재배 기간 중 총 아산화질소 배출은 상시담수 대비 중간물떼기를 실시한 처리구에서 약 214~329배 높았다. 총 아산화질소 배출은 ID+HV 처리구에서 가장 많았으며, 이후 ID+U, ID+SRF, CF+U 처리구 순으로이었다. 수량의 경우 정조수량은 ID+HV, ID+SRF, CF+U, ID+U 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 ID+U 처리구와 ID+SRF 처리구 간 총 아산화질소 배출은 통계적으로 큰 차이는 없었으나, 상대적으로 아산화질소 배출은 적고 수량은 많은 완효성비료 활용으로 중간물떼기의 단점을 다소 보완할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이와 관련하여 완효성비료 시용 수준에 따른 아산화질소 배출량에 대한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 본 연구결과 중간물떼기로 아산화질소 배출이 뚜렷하게 증가하는 것을 확인한 만큼 논에서의 온실가스 배출 연구를 수행할 때 메탄뿐만 아니라 아산화질소를 포괄하는 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.
토양환경 분야PS-21 : 벼논에서 RNA 기반 기술을 이용한 메탄생성균 특성화의 정확도 개선
권효숙 ( Hyo Suk Gwon ),황현영 ( Hyun Young Hwang ),김필주 ( Pil Joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-
Methanogens which divided into acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic species produce the same methyl Co.enzyme M reductase, and it is expressed by mcrA gene. mcrA gene only restricted to methanogenic archaea, and thus it is used to characterize methanogenic diversity and activity. In general, DNA level based metagenome techniques is broadly utilized to characterize methanogenic archaea in paddy soil, but its changes were not matched well with methane emission characteristics during rice cultivation. In order to improve the accuracy of methanogenesis activity and diversity analysis which is related to CH4 emission dynamics in paddy soil, methane emission rates were monitored in a typical paddy field by a closed chamber method during rice cultivation and the activities and diversities of methanogens were characterized by DNA and RNA.based techniques in the surface soils. Finally, the data accuracy was compared by using the relationship between CH4 emission rates and methanogenic properties. RNA.based methanogens activities were more highly correlated with methane emission patterns than DNA.based techniques during rice cultivation. However, the characteristics of methanogens diversities were not discriminated between DNA and RNA.based techniques. Therefore, methanogens should be characterized by RNA.based techniques rather than DNA in rice paddy soil.