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유기농업(有機農業)을 위한 리초방제기술(離草防除技術)의 현재(現在)와 미래(未來)
權容雄 ( Kwon Yong-woong ) 한국유기농업학회 1998 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.6 No.2
Organic farming excludes any use of the herbicide. The present paper reviews what can be done for effective weed control with existing weed control technology by farmers cropping paddy rice. field crops. vegetables. and fruit trees. If condition of the crop-Iand allows diversified rotational use of the paddy land as paddy and upland field would minimize weed problem. Practising this is limited in acreage due to extremely limited governmental investment to the land for the purpose. Secondly. rotation of crops in the upland field breaking life cycles of various weeds adapted to each crop should reduce the weed problem. This is also limited as only a few crops are making the farmer profitable. In addition climate and tolerance of crops to high and low temperature. Monsoon rains and poor drainage restrict the freedom of choice. For any crop land year-round multiple cropping in denser planting shalllessen the weed problem. this multiple cropping practiced by 1960s has been abandoned due to laborshortage and increased production cost. Deep flooding the rice is impractical at present in Korea. Mulching crop with transparent. black. or combinated polyethylene sheet has been increasingly used. Progresses in development and use of mulch with allelopathic crop residues. inexpensive paper mulch. allelopathic crop cultivar development. recently developed experimental weeding machinaries. flamers. microbial herbicides. biological control organisms. soil sterilization techniques have been critically reviewed for their adoption into existing integrated weeding system. Unfortunately. information on cost-benifit. and labor-benefit for the various methods above mentioned are lacking. Urgent need for the research on rational weeding in organic farming, and herbicide low-input farming is emphasized.
적기이앙(適期移秧)벼의 생육초기(生育初期) 수분결핍장애정도(水分缺乏障碍程度)와 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)과의 관계(關係)
권용웅 ( Kwon Yong Woong ),남상용 ( Nam Sang Yong ),소창호 ( Soh Chang Ho ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon-kuk ) 한국농공학회 1987 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.29 No.1
The present study was carried out to determine the period of intermittent irrigation maintaining only wet paddy soil condition not causing significant rice crop loss and to determine the crop loss in the rice plants transplanted in time, but more insufficiently irrigated to suffer in a greater water stress during early growth after transplanting. An indica×japonica variety Nampung and a japonica variety Chucheong was sown on April 27th and transplanted to 1/200 a large plastic pots on June 6th. The rice plants were subjected to varying degrees of water stress during June 9th to July 2nd. 1. The rice growth was reduced in height, tillering and dry matter production even with the water stress of -0.2bar in the soil moisture for 5 days. The growth inhibition was sensitive in the order of plant height<dry matter production < tillering. The growth reduction has shown an exponential decrease with increased water stress and was linearly proportional to the arbitrarily chosen water stress index, [log<sub>10</sub>(-mean soil water potential) × number of days]. 2. The rice plants have shown very vigorous growth in height, tillering, and dry matter production after the end of water stress resulting in much less difference with the rice plants not stressed in the growth amounts by the heading stage. 3. The longest period of intermittent irrigation to wet the soil not delaying the heading of rice plants significantly was 15 days in both varieties. The period not causing significant yield reduction was 15 days for Nampung and 10 days for Chucheong. 4. Water stress conditions of intermittent irrigation only to wet the soil over 10days and 5 days followed by natural drying of the soil without irrigation over 10days reduced the rice yields linearly as water stress index(x) increased, showing y=101.9-17.6x (r=0.788<sup>*</sup>) in Nampung and y=99.8-22.6x (r=0.881<sup>**</sup>) in Chucheong where y is yield index(%) related to that of the irrigated rice plants.
한발(旱魃)로 인한 벼의 이앙지연(移秧遲延) 및 수분결핍장애(水分缺乏障碍)가 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)
권용웅 ( Kwon Yong Woong ),소창호 ( Soh Chang Ho ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ) 한국농공학회 1986 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.28 No.3
Drought occurs most frequently and severely around transplanting season of the rice plants in Korea. Shortage of water due to drought for the paddy fields often delays transplanting, and less often the rice plants are subjected to water stress after delayed transplanting. The present study aimed at quantification of the rice crop loss due to delayed transplanting, different inten3ity of water stress, and the combined effect of delay in transplanting followed by water stress for better use of limited water for irrigation under drought. The rice variety Chucheong, a japonica, and Nampung, an indica × japonica, were grown, transplanted to 1/200 a plastic pots, and subjected to different timing of transplanting and degree of water stress under a rainfall autosersing, sliding clear plastic roof facility with completely randomized arrangement of 5 replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Twelve days or 22 days delay in transplanting without water stress reduced rice yield by 25% and 43% in the japonica variety, and by 15% and 60% in the indica × japonica variety. 2. The 10 days or 20 days water stress developed without irrigation after drainage in the rice plants transplanted at proper time lowered the water potential at the paddy soil 10cm deep to -4 bar, and -12 bar and caused rice yield reduction by 14%, and 45% in the japonica variety and by 8%, and 50% in the indica × japonica variety. 3. The 12 days delay in transplanting and 10 days or 20 days water stress reduced rice yield by 39% and 59% in the japonica variety, and by 38% and 52% in the indica × japonica variety. The 22 days delay in transplanting plus 10 days water stress caused yield reduction by 76%, i.e. meaningless yield, in both varieties. 4. The intermittent irrigation just to wet the soil body for 10 days after 10 days water stress without irrigation increased rece yield by 12 to 16% compared to the rice plants water stessed without irrigation continuously for 20 days in both varieties respectively. 5. The above results suggest strongly 1) to transplant the rice plants at proper .time even with some water stress rather than delay for sufficient water from later rainfall, and 2) to distribute insufficient irrigation water to broader area of transplanted rice with limited irrigation for better use of limited irrigation water. A greater sensitivity of japonica variety to a moderate water stress than the indica × japonica variety during initial rooting and tillering stage was noticed. To cope with frequent drought in rice culture, firstly the lasting time of transplanting without yield reduction should be clarified by region and variety, and secondly a scheme of rational distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal responses to varying intensity of water stress.