인권교육의 의미 재탐색 - 최근 제기되는 의문을 중심으로 -

구정화 ( Koo Jeong-hwa ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2017 교육문화연구 Vol.23 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 기존에 논의되어 온 인권육의 의미를 정리하고, 최근 인권교육과 관련하여 새롭게 제기되는 의문에 대하여 논의하면서 인권교육의 의미를 탐색하여 확장하고자 하는 것이다. 우선 선행연구 분석을 통해 인권교육이 갖는 특징을 다섯 가지로 정리하였다. 첫째, 인권교육은 인간으로서 존엄한 삶을 위해 필요한 권리로 보아야 한다. 둘째, 인권교육은 학습자의 삶과 경험을 기반으로 하는 내용 구성을 통해 사회 변화를 고려하는 학습경험이어야 한다. 셋째, 인권교육에서는 사회적 약자의 관점과 경험을 강조한다. 넷째, 인권교육에서는 사회구조적 관점을 채택해야 한다. 다섯째, 인권교육에서는 인권친화적 환경을 강조한다. 이러한 특징에 더하여 최근 인권교육 논의에서 인권교육의 실천이 확장되는 과정에서 새롭게 제시되는 세 가지 의문에 대한 답을 제시하면서 인권교육의 의미를 탐색하였다. 세가지 의문은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인권교육은 친사회적이지 않지 않은가? 둘째, 인권교육에서 책임도 함께 가르쳐야 하지 않는가? 셋째, 인권 관련 업무 담당자 대상 인권교육에서는 그 담당자의 권리를 왜 강조하지 않는가? 인권이 갖는 특성으로서 개인과 국가기관 간의 관계에서의 인권 현상의 발생, 사회에서 인권이 갖는 긍정적 가치, 인권교육에서 상호호혜성 등을 고려하여 이러한 세 가지 의문이 인권과 인권교육에 대한 오해에 기반한 것임을 논의하였다. 더불어 향후 인권교육의 의미 정립을 위해서는 인권교육 실천의 장이 더 확장되고 그 과정에서 인권교육의 의미 탐색이 누적될 필요가 있음을 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to review the meaning of human rights education through its specific characteristics and to review the meaning of human rights education by discussing newly raised questions related to human rights education. First, the conceptual characteristics of human rights education are summarized by analyzing previous research; 1) human rights education should be viewed as a human right necessary for a dignified life. 2) human rights education should be a learning experience that considers social change through the composition of contents based on learner`s life and experience. 3) human rights education emphasizes the perspective and experience of the socially weak and alienated. 4) in the human rights education, the social structure view must be satisfied. 5) human rights education emphasizes human rights friendly environment. In addition to these features, researcher reviewed the characteristics of human rights education centered on newly emerging questions. The following questions are related. 1) is human rights education not pro-social? 2) should not we do responsibility education along with human rights education? 3) why do not we emphasize the rights of the person in charge of human rights education? Considering the characteristics of human rights, such as the occurrence of human rights phenomenon in the relationship between individuals and state institutions, the positive values of human rights in society, and mutual reciprocal characteristics of human rights education, these questions are misunderstandings about human rights and human rights education. In addition, in order for the meaning of human rights education to become clearer in the future, it is suggested that the field of human rights education should be further expanded and the meaning of human rights education should be established more in the process.

대학생의 희망직업 및 기대임금에서 성 차이 -4년제 대학 인문 및 사회계열을 중심으로-

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2008 시민교육연구 Vol.40 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences of choosing their occupation and wages expectation of university students. For this study, 1,120 undergraduate of the school of humanities and social sciences in were sampled across the country. The collected data from the questionnaire survey were analyzed with statistical technique such as t-test and chi-squared method. The results of this study were as follows: First, it is not clearly appeared that the gender differences of the occupation choices. The male-dominated occupations were favored by male and female graduates of school of social sciences, and male graduates of school of humanities, while the female-dominated occupations were favored by female graduates of school of humanities. Second, it appeared that the gender differences of the wades expectations. The male graduates were expected the larger salary than female irrespective of a speciality.

쟁점 중심 사회과교육 관련 연구의 동향 -2000년대 시민교육연구와 사회과교육 학회지를 중심으로-

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2009 시민교육연구 Vol.41 No.1

The purpose of this study was to understand features of the issue-centered Social Studies expressed in researches relevant to the controversial issue. The researches that it was analysed into were 21 articles from 2 journals(during 2000~2008 years), [Theory and Research in Citizenship Education; published by Association of Social Studies in Korea], [Sahoekwakyoyuk, Social Studies Education; published by Korean Social Studies Association]. The results of this study were as follows: First, The researches were mainly used the literature studies, but qualitative analysis was not used. Second, subjects of studies of literature studies were from the 5-year to 10-year student, but those of experimental studies were from the 7-year to 12-year student in literature studies mainly. Third, the research values were preferred thinking skills better than knowledges about issue. Forth, the selected issues in researches were preferred the public issue better than closed area.

초등학생의 사회과 주관적 학업성적에 영향을 주는 요인

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ),한진수 ( Jin Soo Hahn ) 한국사회과교육학회 2010 시민교육연구 Vol.42 No.1

The purpose of this study is to understand and statistically analyze a learning model for the school achievements subjectively perceived of 6th graders` social studies, using the data from the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) collected by the National Youth Policy Institute. The third year KYPS data used for the analysis includes 2,844 6th grade students, and the data were analyzed by ordered probit model because dependent variables are discrete outcomes with a monotonic ordering. Four findings of special interest emerged. First, the study time students personally spent on social studies were about 70 percent of that on english or mathematics. Second, the private education for social studies was much less popular than for any other subjects including science. Third, students` own effort for social studies, female rather than male, positive attitude toward oneself, stress from school performance and homeworks/exams, and parents` expectation on academic performance had highly significant effects on the school achievements subjectively perceived of social studies. Finally, parents` socioeconomic variables were statistically insignificant in explaining the school achievements subjectively perceived of social studies, while they were significant in the school achievements subjectively perceived of other subjects.

국제이해교육이 초등학생의 세계이해 태도에 미치는 효과 -유네스코의 외국인과 함께 하는 문화교실(CCAP) 활동 적용을 통해-

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2008 시민교육연구 Vol.40 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Cross-Cultural Awareness Programme on the attitude of global awareness in primary students. For this study, 109 children of 6 primary school were sampled. They was experienced the Cross-Cultural Awareness Programme(CCAP) of giving UNESCO Korea. It was conducted twice questionnaire survey(pretest and posttest) of them. The collected data were analyzed with statistical technique such as t-test method. The results of this study were as follows: First, it appeared that the female students were at the high rate in the attitude of global awareness than male students. Second, it was statistically significant that Cross-Cultural Awareness Programme(CCAP) was improved the concern on the global issue and other nations of primary students. Third, it was not statistically significant that Cross-Cultural Awareness Programme(CCAP) was reduced the prejudice toward other cultures of primary students.

초등 사회과에서 교사의 토론수업 이해와 인식

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2006 시민교육연구 Vol.38 No.2

공동체의식과 다문화 수용성에 대한 초등학교 5, 6학년의 차이 연구

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2015 시민교육연구 Vol.47 No.1

The grade difference in community spirit and multicultural acceptability of elementary school students are examined. For the study, 2,200 children with 5th and 6th grade were sampled and questionnaire were distributed to schools in the whole nation, using Korean Child & Youth Panel Survey. The data were analyzed with statistical technique such as t-test. The results of this study were as follows. First, it appeared that the community spirit of 6 grade were a lower score than 5 grade students. Second, it appeared that the multicultural acceptability of 6 grade were a lower score than 5 grade students. ‘The decrease of citizenship`` phenomenon has been observed.

초등 사회과의 면대면 및 온라인 토론수업 비교 연구

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2005 시민교육연구 Vol.37 No.2

문,이과 통합형 교육과정의 “통합사회” 과목 개발에 대한 성찰적 연구

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2015 시민교육연구 Vol.47 No.3

The purpose of this study as follows; First, in a revision of liberal arts and sciences integrated curriculum, it was reviewed the ‘integrated social studies’ curriculum development process. Second, it was reviewed the factors affecting the development of integrated social studies curriculum. Third, It was also reviewed the considerations in the future development of the social studies curriculum. To this end, It was on the basis of personal experiences and research reports, reflected the ``integrated social studies`` curriculum development process. Integrated Social Studies has the following characteristics; First, the ‘integrated social studies’ is to give students the Humanities and Social cultivate literacy. Second, the ‘integrated social studies’ courses are the government-sponsored scholastic aptitude test for university admission target. Third, the ‘integrated social studies’ has similar the ‘integrated science’ curriculum content organizing principle. These external factors have affected the ‘integrated social studies’ curriculum development. In addition, the social studies curriculum course work change was operated as a internal factor affecting the social integration curriculum development. Considering these points, The future of the social studies curriculum revision should take into account the following points; First, It must clearly set the course belongs to the social studies curriculum. Second, It shall define clearly the learning subjects to be taught in social studies education. Third, This sequence and scope should be clear in the learning topics.

초등 사회 교과서의 성평등 내용 단원과 다른 단원간 성평등 관점의 일관성 문제

구정화 ( Jeong Hwa Koo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2011 시민교육연구 Vol.43 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze that a reflection of the viewpoint of gender equality vary according to the characteristics of the units in elementary Social Studies textbook. To achieve this, it was selected ``The Change of Gender Role`` and ``The Economic Life`` units in the second semester of forth-grade Social Studies textbook. It used the quantitative and qualitative analysis the contents(sentence and illustration etc.) in the rate, the weight, the activity, and the job of the characters. The results of this study were as follows: First, the rate of women appearing in textbook is higher in ``The Change of Gender Role`` unit than in ``The Economic Life`` unit. It was attribute to explain the gender issues by the traditional patriarchal system in ``The Change of Gender Role`` unit. Second, There is no difference in the weight of women and men appearing in ``The Change of Gender Role`` and ``The Economic Life`` unit. Third, the rate of women characters, doing domestic work in home background is higher in ``The Economic Life`` unit than in ``The Change of Gender Role`` unit. And the rate of men with career is higher in ``The Change of Gender Role`` unit than in ``The Economic Life`` unit. Forth, the type of professions of women appearing in ``The Change of Gender Role`` unit is female-dominated occupation mainly. But the type of professions of women appearing in ``The Economic Life`` unit is male-dominated occupation mainly.