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The Six-Party Talks and North Korea’s Denuclearization: An Evaluation and Prospects
곽태환 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2010 Pacific Focus Vol.25 No.2
The six-party process for North Korea’s denuclearization has long been stalled since the Six-Party Talks (SPT) failed to agree on a verification protocol in early December 2008. The DPRK officially stated on February 10, 2005 that it already possessed nuclear weapons. It now wants to be recognized as a nuclear power. The North Korea’s nuclear issue, a key obstacle to the Korean peace process, needs to be resolved peacefully through the six-party process. The author has argued over the years that while the six-party process is the best means to resolve the North’s nuclear issue, bilateral U.S.-DPRK talks are equally important to a peaceful and diplomatic resolution of the DPRK’s issue. The peaceful resolution of the North’s nuclear issue is prerequisite to building a peace regime on the Korean peninsula and regional peace in Northeast Asia. The author has two specific goals: (1) to evaluate the stalled SPT for denuclearizing the Korean peninsula since Dec. 2008, and (2) to make policy recommendations for continuing denuclearizing the Korean peninsula in the framework of the SPT. The first part of this article examines DPRK’s denuclearization process up to the point when the SPT failed to adopt a written verification protocol in December 2008. Since then, the six-party process has been stalled. The second part discusses the impact of DPRK’s rocket launch in April 2009 and its second nuclear test in May on the SPT. The third part evaluates DPRK’s new proposal for peace treaty talks and its new conditions for returning to the SPT. Finally, this article proposes key issues on agenda to be negotiated at the next SPT and some policy recommendations for achieving denuclearization of the Korean peninsula.
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The Six-Party Nuclear Talks An Evaluation and Policy Recommendation
곽태환 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2004 Pacific Focus Vol.19 No.2
North Korea's alleged admission of a highly enriched uranium program sparked the current nuclear crisis on the Korean peninsula, leading to resumption of North Korea's nuclear weapons development program. According to U.S. intelligence estimates, North Korea already has four or five nuclear devices. Thus, the North Korean nuclear issue–a serious international issue that is the most important obstacle to the Korean peace process –needs to be resolved as soon as possible peacefully through diplomatic negotiations at the six‐party talks. The Bush administration insisted that the North Korean nuclear crisis be resolved through the six‐party talks, whereas North Korea insisted on bilateral talks with the U.S. The author in this article analyzed the origin and development of the current nuclear crisis on the Korean peninsula, to evaluate the six‐party talks as an multilateral framework of resolving the nuclear issue from the first round of the six‐party nuclear talks to the third round in detail, and to make policy recommendations for resolving the North Korean nuclear issue at least at the initial phase of North Korean nuclear dismantlement. The six‐party talks process is not yet dead, and will continue. The author maintains that bilateral talks between the U.S. and North Korea are essential to the resolution of North Korea's nuclear standoff peacefully and diplomatically. Both need to engage in direct negotiations without preconditions through the six‐party talks process. Both U.S. and North Korea's hard‐line policies cannot solve the nuclear issue peacefully. Therefore, both sides need to be flexible about their respective positions with political will to compromise. The U.S. should be prepared for specifying its road map for multilateral security assurances for North Korea. The author also argues that the U.S. should reconsider proposing possible economic or energy incentives in exchange for North Korea's nuclear freeze to dismantle its nuclear programs.
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위협의 다양화를 통해 본 안전보장(Security and safety 2S) 이슈와 호국정신의 중요성 고찰
곽태환 국방정신전력원 2024 정신전력연구 Vol.- No.77
이 글에서는 우리를 둘러싼 위협의 종류가 다양해졌음을 확인하는 한편, 정신적 대비태세의 확립을 위한 방안으로 호국정신의 가치를 재조명한다. 현재의 위협은 북한의 존재로부터 발현된 ‘전통적 위협’과 패권 전쟁의 심화에서 기인한 ‘예정된 위협’, 그리고위협이 군사적 영역에만 국한되지 않음을 일러주는 ‘새로운 위협’으로 구분된다. 이는의도성의 유무로 판단 해왔던 안보와 안전의 경계를 허물어 놓았고 이제 우리는 다양해진 위협에 대응하는 인지적 측면의 노력으로서 양자를 하나로 이해하려는 ‘안전보장(Security & Safety : 2S)’에 대한 개념적 정립을 선행하여야 한다. 또한 국방 분야 종사자의 신분이 다양하게 구성돼 있고, 앞으로도 그의 확대가 예상되는 만큼, 이른바, 국방인(國防人)의 직무 윤리를 ‘호국정신’을 통해 정신전력을 배양하려는 노력이 병행되어야함을 밝힌다. This study aims to acknowledge the diversification of the types of surrounding threats and further shed light on the value of patriotic spirit in order to establish mental preparedness. The current threats are divided into three types: The ‘Traditional Threats’ manifested from the existence of North Korea, the ‘Predestined Threats’ stemming from the intensification of hegemonic wars, and the ‘New Threats’ indicating that the threats are not limited to the military domain. Consequently, the traditional boundary between security and safety, where intentionality was the standard for judgment, has been broken down, and it is now necessary to first establish a conceptual definition of ‘Security & Safety (2S)’ to understand both as one, as a cognitive effort to respond to diversified threats. In addition, based on the diverse status of defense workers and the expected expansion in the future, it is suggested that efforts should be made to cultivate the work ethics of so-called National Defense Manpower(國防人) through ‘Patriotic Spirit’ considering the diversified status of defense-related personnel and its expected expansion in the future.
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