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감귤가공부산물의 아세톤추출 및 초음파 처리가 가금의 에너지이용성에 미치는 영향
고태송,서인준,남기택,김영범 ( T . S . Koh,I . J . Suh,K . T . Nam,Y . B . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.10
In order to investigate an utilizability of citrus pulp, a byproduct of manufacturing juice or can from orange, as a possible feed resource, metabolizable energy (MEn) and productive energy (PE) of untreated citrus pulp were compared with those of wheat bran and citrus pulp extracted with acetone (citrus pulp-AE) or ultrasonically treated citrus pulp (citrus pulp-UT). Hatched single comb White Leghorn male chicken were raised for 8 days with a commercial diet and for next 3 days with basal (wheat bran) diet and for subsequent 10 days with experimental diets containing 17.0% of cellulose (cotton meal), wheat bran, untreated citrus pulp, citrus pulp-AE arid citrus pulp-UT, respectively. The MEn was measured by intake energy minus excreted energy in excreta and the PE was calculated by protein and lipid retention determined by carcass analysis of birds. Body weight gain or protein and lipid retention were not significantly different among buds fed experimental diets. But the body weight gain or protein and lipid retention of birds fed citrus pulp-AE and -UT were highering compared with that fed untreated citrus pulp, And feed conversions of birds fed citrus pulp-AE and -UT showed lowering tendency compared to that fed untreated citrus pulp. The rate of MEn to gross energy (GE), MEn/GE, was not significantly different between birds fed wheat bran diet and those fed citrus pulp-AE and -UT diets, which were higher than that fed untreated citrus pulp. But PE and PE/MEn were not significantly different among birds fed experimental diets.. MEn of citrus pulp-AE had shown 1.885 ㎉ per gram dry matter was similar with that of wheat bran, which was significantly higher than those of untreated citrus pulp and citrus pulp-UT. The MEn/GE of citrus pulp-AE had been 44.8% and was also similar with 43.2% oi` wheat bran, which was significantly higher than 21.8 and 29.1% of untreated citrus pulp and citrus pulp-UT, respectively. The PE of untreated citrus pulp, citrus pulp-AE and citrus pulp-UT reached to 0.906, 1.831 and 1.500 ㎉ per gram dry matter, respectively. The results seem to indicate that the energy utilization of citrus pulp extracted with acetone be similar with that of wheat bran and that the availability of citrus pulp would be improved by some proper treatment.
화학물질에서 가열한 왕겨구성분의 변화와 가금에서의 영양소이용성
고태송,안종호 ( T . S . Koh,J . H . Ahn ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.1
In order to observe an effect of the components of rice hull(RH) on the utilization of nutrients in chicks, the RH of 100 g were digested in 800 ㎖ of water or 0-25N HCl, NaOH and NaC10₂ at 135℃ and the pressure of 3.2 ㎏/㎠ by autoclave for 30 minutes (water, HCl, NaOH and NaC10₂-30-RH). The contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and lignin were analyzed in the washed and dried RH meal. Hatched single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed for the first 10 days with a commercial chick mash and for the subsequent 8 days with 7 kinds of experimental diets which contained 17.0% of wheat bran (basal), cellulose(cotton meal), HCl-30-RH, NaOH-30-RH, NaC10₂-30-RH, water-30-RH and nontreated RH, respectively. The water, HCl, NaOH and NaC10₂-30-RH had lost 4.4, 19.7, 24.0 and 9.6% of dry matter, respectively. And the dry matter loss of the water-30-RH was mainly originated from the extractable cell contents, the NaOH and NaC10₂-30-RH from the cell contents and hemicellulose, and the HCl-RH from the cell contents and NDF of the nontreated RH. The RH heated with chemicals did not affect body weight gain, feed conversion, nitrogen balance and digestibility of crude fat. Also the effect of chemical treatment was not found on the energy utilization of the RH while buds fed NaOH-30-RH tended to increase the energy utilization of diet. Metabolizable energy(MEn) intake and protein retention per birds or metabolic body size(㎏^(0.75)) were not affected by the chemical treatment of the RH. When birds were fed the RH diets, the MEn required for gram protein retention was 35-40 ㎉ which was higher than 31-32 ㎉ of birds fed wheat bran and cellulose diets.
부로일러에서 탈지미강의 가소화에너지 및 대사에너지 함량
고태송(T . S . Koh),조영석(Y . S . Cho),신동신(D . S . Shin),우경목(K . M . Woo) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.4
Contents of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and nitrogen-corrected ME (MEn) for a defatted rice bran were determined in day-old male broiler chicks fed basal (control) diet for the first 7 days were fed on the basal diet and diet composed of 70% of basal diet plus 30 % of defatted rice bran (rice bran diet) for the subsequent 14 days as the ratio of replacement for defatted rice bran. The defatted rice bran contained 2.509. 2.465 and 2.321 ㎉ of DE, ME and MEn per gram dry matter, in which 59.2% (DE/GE) of GE was digested, 56.7% (ME/GE) or 54.8% (MEn/GE) was metabolized and 95.8% (ME/DE) or 92.5% (MEn/DE) of DE was utilized. The rice bran diet contained significantly (p$lt;0.05) lower DE, ME and MEn of which DE/GE and ME/GE was decreased significantly (p$lt;0.05) compared with those of basal diet. The rice bran diet decreased (p$lt;0.05) daily gain, feed efficiency (gain/feed) and retentions of protein and lipids though feed intake was not affected. Rice bran diet did not affect excretion of urinary nitrogen per nitrogen intake (UN/Nl) and decreased significantly (p$lt;0.05) digestibility of protein (AN/Nl) and nitrogen balance (NB) per NI (NB/Nl). Also BV of protein (NB/AN or NR/AN) and digestibility of lipids were decreased in birds fed on the rice bran diet. The results indicate that the low energy content of defatted rice bran was due to mainly the decreased digestibility of protein and digestibility of energy in defatted rice bran diet.
병아리의 지질축적과 발열량에 미치는 실제 수준의 오크라톡신 A 로 오염된 사료 급여의 영향
고태송(T . S . Koh),한성준(S . J . Han) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.1
In order to investigate effects of diet contaminated by concentration of ochratioxin A(OA) similar to those found in commercial feeds on energy and protein metabolism of animals, 18 days old White Leghorn male chicks were fed the experimental diets containing 0.0(control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0㎍ of OA per gram diet for the 10-day experimental feeding period. Then carcass composition was determined at the initial and final days of experimental feeding for the calculation of heat production(HP). Daily gain and feed efficiency(gain/ feed) were decreased gradually (p$lt;0.05) as the levels of OA were highered. The OA did not affect MEn value of diet, contents of uric acid or other protein catabolites in excreta and availability(true digestibility × biological value) of protein. But daily retention of lipids(g) and energy (kcal / kg^0.75)were reduced according to the increase of OA levels(p$lt;0.01) as regression equations of y=0.872e ^2822x(r=-0.909, n=20) and y=63.46e ^0.1304x(r=-0.812, n=20), respectively. And MEn intake and HP per kg^0.75 and HI of birds fed OA were higher(p$lt;0.05) than those of birds fed uncontaminated diet. The results indicated that birds fed OA dissipated more energy and acumulated lower lipids compared with those of birds fed uncontaminated diet.
부로일러 종계 (種鷄) 숫닭의 사료 섭취량이 단백질 및 에너지 이용에 미치는 영향
고태송(T . S . Koh),원병수(B . S . Won),한성준(S . J . Han),정태영(T . Y . Chung),맹원재(W . J . Maeng) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.1
To develop methods for simultaneous determination of protein and energy utilizability, interrelationships between diet intake levels and urinary nitrogen (UN), urinary energy (UE), fecal nitrogen (FN) and fecal energy (FE) were investigated in 65 week-old 5.3-6.0 ㎏ of 5 broiler breeder cockerels. True digestibility (TD) and biological value (BV) of protein, net protein utilization (NPU), and true digestible (TDE), biological value (BVE) and bioavailable (BEU) energy utilization were calculated. As diet intake was increased, the excretion of uric acid, ammonia, urea, FN, UN, FE and UE were increased gradually. Ommiting starved bird, the regression of FN (r²=0.998, n=3), UN (r²=0.990, n=3), FE (r²=0.9999, n=3) and UE (r²=0.998, n=3) on diet intake (g/day) was linear. Endogenous urinary nitrogen (EUn) and energy (UEe) estimated by the y-intercepts of regressions were significantly (p$lt;0.05) lower than those in fasted birds although significant difference on metabolic fecal nitrogen (MFn) and energy (FEm) were not found. TD. BV, NPU, TDE, BVE and BEU calculated by the values by regression showed very stable values among levels of feed intake, which were reflected by the stable FN-, UN-, FE- and UE-diet-derived by regression. Also BV and NPU calculated by regression were significantly (p$lt;0.05) lower than those in fasted bird. The results indicated that utilization of protein and energy in diet can be obtained by metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary nitrogen or energy determined simultaneously. Protein and energy utilization determined by regression seems more stabel and more realistic than those determined with fasted birds.
오크라톡신 A 로 오염된 사료중 지방함량이 가금의 에너지 및 단백질 대사에 미치는 영향
고태송(T . S . Koh),신동신(D . S . Shin),김동희(D . H . Kim),주명렬(M . R . Ju),최윤석(Y . S . Choi),김종배(J . B . Kim),신현길(H . K . Shin) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.9
In order to reduce adverse effects of diets contaminated with Ochratoxin A(OA) on the productivity of birds, effects of fat levels in diets mixed with the OA on the protein and energy metabolism in chicks were studied. Diets with 4.0 ㎍ of OA per gram diet containing 3.0 and 6.0% of soybean oil were fed to White Leghorn chicks of 11-day old for 7 days of the experimental feeding period. Birds fed the OA and soybean oil showed a tendency of increasing the daily gain and feed efficiency and decreasing relative weight of liver and kidney per body weight compared with those fed the diet containing OA alone. The retention of protein, lipids and energy showed an increasing tendency in birds fed diets containing the OA and soybean oil compared with those of birds fed diets containing 4.0㎍/g of OA. And birds fed diets containing OA and soybean oil decreased urinary nitrogen and fecal nitrogen and increased digestibility of protein while the rate of nitrogenous compounds in urine was not different among birds fed experimental diets. Metabolizable energy content of diets and nitrogen balance increased and heat production per MEn intake was decreased in birds fed the OA and soybean oil.