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고동호 한국알타이학회 2000 알타이학보 Vol.10 No.1
The aim of this paper is to overlook an aspect of historical phonology in the Manchu language through analyzing phonological correspondences appeared in the comparison of the Manchu entry words with those words and phrases of 'irun' in Han-cheong-mun-gam. Follows are results of the analysis in this study: 1) cases which has same features of the phonological phenomena made clear through the researches for the period before the publication of Yu-zhi-zeng-ding-qing-wen-jian (御製增訂淸文鑑) 2) cases which are same as the modern colloquial Manchu languages. 3) cases only found in the comparison of the Manchu entry words with those words and phrases of 'irun' in Han-cheong-mun-gam. Case 1 can be interpreted as the reflection of the different experiences of historical phonology. Case 2 and case 3, however, can not easily touched here. Nevertheless these are expected to be useful in further studies. In this study, there remains elaboration of the rules through the examination of wider range of philological and colloquial data, thereby it should be made clear whether the differences between the Manchu entry words and those words and phrases of 'irun' in Han-cheong-mun-gam stem from dialectal differences or from orthographic conservatism etc.
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만주어 음성상징 성분의 구성 특징 : 《御製增訂淸文鑑》 수록 표제어를 중심으로
고동호 한국알타이학회 2002 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.12
This paper aims at clarifying the structural characteristics of onomatopoetic words in written Manchu. The characteristics manifested in the Manchu onomatopoetics are described not in terms of absolute categorization, but in terms of relative tendencies. For this reason, this paper attempts to explain them on the statistical basis. In this paper, the term "onomatopoetic construction" is used as referring to a free form and/or a bound form which indicates sound symbolism. The data is adduced from the entries in Yu-zhi-Zeng-ding-Qing-wen-jian 御製增訂淸文鑑. From the point of view of morphological constituency, the following points are noted: (1) reduplicative forms occur more frequently than single non-reduplicative forms, (2) they appear more frequently in free forms than in bound forms occurring with se- forms, and (3) the reduplication occurs more frequently in the form of reduplication of similar roots than in the form of reduplication of distinct roots. In terms of alternating segments, the reduplication of similar roots consists in the alternation of consonants or vowels. The consonantal alternation occurs more frequently when onomatopoetic forms have a larger number of syllable; there are 32 types of consonantal alternation. The vowel alternation occurs, as a rule, between the first and the second syllables; there are 22 types of it. In vowel alternation, a alternates usually with i, while others alternate usually with a. Minimal onomatopoetic forms generally consist of one or two syllables. Closed syllables may occur in one-syllable forms or two-syllable forms, but open syllables generally occur in constructions with two syllables. In onomatopoetic forms, 8 types of consonants can occur in the syllable-final position. Resonants and alveolars relatively rarely occur in this position; in this regard, they are different form non-onomatopoetic words. Consonant clusters, which occur at the syllable boundary, appear most variously in two-syllable forms and in reduplicative forms. One of the characteristics of the vocalic concatenation is that it occurs most conspicuously in single two-syllable forms. In majority of cases, all vowels except for i and o repeat themselves in the second syllable. Leaving the case with i aside, syllables with o or u, and syllables with o or u are not followed by syllables with a or e.
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고동호 한국알타이학회 2013 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.23
This paper aims to examine the bibliography and composition of Dongmun yuhae, and methods of writing Manchu words in Hangeul in Dongmun yuhae published in 1748. The Manchu language was generally written in their own letter, but sometimes in other scripts. Dongmun yuhae is the earliest book among the extant manchu ones in which the Manchu language is written in Hangeul. In this paper, I examined the bibliographical characteristics and composition of this book in the first. And I analysed Manchu words and methods of writing them in Hangeul, based on the forms in Manchu dictionaries which were published earlier than Dongmun yuhae. As a result, it was found out that almost all the Manchu words in the book had their sources from early Manchu dictionaries, and for the accuracy, the Korean letter is used with diacritic marks in sophisticated manner.
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한국의 만주-퉁구스어 연구: 제3세대 학자들의 연구를 중심으로
고동호 충북대학교 러시아 • 알타이지역 연구소 2023 러시아학 Vol.- No.26
The purpose of this paper is to predict the direction of future research by introducing the achievements on the Manchu-Tungus language by the third-generation Korean scholars. Since the subjects and methods of scholars' research tend to be fixed to some extent, it is thought that understanding the results of research so far will be able to estimate the direction of future research. Manchu-Tungusic research, if the scope of it is broadened, it can include comparison or contrast studies with other languages and typological studies, but in this paper, only Manchu-Tungusic research will be introduced. Also, since this is an introduction to research trends, specific examples and evaluations are deferred to a later date. Studies on the Manchu-Tungus language up to the second generation in Korea mainly focused on books on Qing studies published by the bureau of interpretaion in Joseon dynasty, research on Manchu books published in the Qing Dynasty, and collect and analysis of spoken Manchu-Tungus data in China and Russia was made. The third generation is those born after the 1970s. While the previous generations mainly studied Manchu language philologically and phonologically, they have been conducting grammatical research mainly within the theoretical framework of modern linguistics for the past 10 years. It is also characterized by the fact that they attempt to analyze spoken Manchu-Tungus following the second generation. Research on spoken language materials is expected to become more active in the future as some scholars are carrying out the “Studies of linguistic transcription and annotation of three endangered Tungus languages” project supported by the government.
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