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桂柄漢 圓光大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.1
The object of this thesis is to study the character of morality in Conrad's novels, The Nigger of the 'Narcissus' and Youth, through the objectification of consciousness and activities of some mariners who devote themaelves to their ships and fight for solidarity and reality. And they do their responsibilities and duties on the ships isolated from the society as an microcosm on which most of the mariners are hardly affected by the land. James Wait's presence on the ship tests the reality of the ship's company as a microcosm of a valid society ; he humanizes mariners and in the process corrupts them. The relatienship between the dis-honest malingerer Donkin and James Wait further associates sympathy with evil. James Wait and Donkin alone on the Narcissus appealed to what might be called land values, in-voking the social world of rights as well as duties, of compassion and self-pity as well as command and obedience, and in doing so they spread corruptien. Captain Allistoun may for a long time seem to see nothing, but at the same time, much in the manner of a hero. In all such details he clearly achieves a heroic stature that is the full measure of Conrad's ideal seaman rooted in the tradition of his craft. During the crisis he devotes himself to com-manding the sailors and the ship for solidarity. The old sailor Singleton anong the men is indifferent to Wait and his illness, and he who is seen as simply a dirty old man when the ship has reached port and he disembarks to become a member of or-dinary society is only acceptable in the inpersonal world of necessary duty. Marlow on Judea who was twenty-year-old second mate struggled for Judea which was old, rust and about 400tons ship to road a cargo of coal for Bankok. She was in an emergency with submergence and fire on the sea. Marlow was also a faithful and responsible crew who conquered voluntarily all trials on the boat, and after bursting of the ship he could be an honest skipper who had to see the last of the ship burning furiously.
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Conrad의 理想的 人間像 : Singleton을 中心으로
계병한 圓光大學校 師範大學 英語敎育學科 1983 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
The object of this thesis is to study an image of an idealistic human being through the objectification of Singleton's consciousness and activities which were disclosed on the boat isolated from society as a microcosm. Singleton who had been a crew for more than sixty years, and had a long experience and excellent craft, was indifferent to Wait and his illness. Though challenges and tests which were made by Wait and Donkin who were immoral, agitated the crews spirit and seamanship, and the crew's loyalty, sincerity and sense of responsibility were relaxed, only the old sailor singleton could overcome the dangerous circumstances, and be the basis for the Captain Allistoun's success. When cowardice, betrayal and irresponsibility were not only an antagonistic concept of courage and responsibility, but also meant weakness, and at last they leaped in death that contrast life-action-and the world of the worth, Singleton was only a crew who had courage, loyalty and sincerity. The two tests, one for seamanship and the other for tough morality were, however, overcome with effort which restrained demorality by Singleton and Allistoun. They were distinctly superhumen as they relieved the crew from feeling of envy, greed and demoralization, and relaxed seamanship including courage, unity and perseverance became one body in the storm to fight against the natural power. Singleton, however, after landing should be appeared a dirty old man who lost his abilities, industry and loyalty. The land is too demoralized to understand this superhuman.
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The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'의 道德性 考察 : Wait 와 Donkin을 中心으로
桂柄漢 단국대학교 영어영문학회 1982 Athenaeum Vol.- No.3
The object of this thesis is to study the morality of human beings through the objectification of the crew's moral ambivalence in the characterization of Wait and Donkin. The boat, 'Narcissus' which was chosen by Conrad was one of the best places to research morality in the depths of one's consciousness, for she, at sea, was isolated from society, and the crew could easily consider and act without direct influence of the outside. Challenges and tests which were made by Wait and Donkin who were immoral, agitated the crew's spirit and seamanship, and the crew's loyalty, sincerity andsense of responsibility were relaxed. As Wait who was ill felt his death approaching and repeatedly uttered it, the crew not only received it as if death had already come in the cabin, but also felt that death had infiltrated around them. The crew who had always wandered the death line had the fear complex of death in their subconsciousness. Cowardice, betrayal and irresponsibility were not only as antagonistic concept of courage and responsibility, but also meant weakness, and at last they leaped in death that contrasted life-action-and the world of the worth. The other test was the storm arriving which was the crossroad on which the crew could make a rapid succession of orders. The two tests, one for seamanship and the other for tough morality were, however, overcome with effort which restrained demorality. Both Captain Allistoun who had his own firm determination to do his duty, and Singlton whose action became the bases for the captain's success were superhumen as they relieved the crew from feelings of envy, greed and demoralization. Relaxed seamanship including courage, unity and perseverance should become one body in the storm to fight against the natural power, and after water burial of Wait 'Narcissus' was restored to normalcy and easy sail.
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Light in August의 Joe Christmas와 Lena Grove 및 Gail Hightower의 特徵과 相互關係 考察
桂柄漢 圓光大學校 附設 美國文化硏究所 1983 論文集 Vol.2-3 No.-
In Structure, Light in August is ver complicated, containing several distinct stories whose thematic relationship is not immediately apparant. The creation of highly complex characters tends to obscure the thematic unity of the stories of Joe Christmas, Lena Grove, and Gail Hightower. Joe Christmas is victim of his childhood he cannot accept race as incidental to his individuality, to his humanity. He must know what he can never know, and his life is a process of self crucifixion. Joe thinks as he does because of the absolutism of his grandfather and his foster-father. Lena has a childlike confidence in herself and in mankind. She is a creature of warm natural sympathies and a deep instinctive commitment to her natural function. Hightower is a disillusioned man and a man who has learned something from his sufferings, He develops into an abstracted idealist, and he identifies his idealism with story of his grandfather's heroism. Light in August combines three separate tales. The stories of Joe Christmas and Gail Hightower are narrated with images of darkness, pain and death. The Lena story is bathed in warm sunlight and filled with images of timelessness and affirmation. Faulkner's techniques may sometimes exasperate, but I believe they are effective in compelling the reader to join in the writers search for truth. My main aim is to find a message of Faulkner through his characters to reveal the greatness of his art and his personal vision of life.
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