고혈압 및 체질량지수 분류에 따른 노인 체력의 수준차이

강소형 ( So-hyung Kang ),소위영 ( Wi-young So ) 한국특수체육학회 2018 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구는 2017국민체력실태조사 자료를 바탕으로 고혈압과 체질량지수(body mass index, BMI) 분류에 따라 노인들의 체력수준을 분석, 정량화하여 보다 과학적인 국민건강증진의 자료로 구축되어 고혈압 예방과 적정 체질량지수 유지에 따른 체력수준 향상의 중요성을 알리는 기초자료로 활용하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 65세 이상의 노인 908명을 대상으로 하였다. 고혈압은 정상군(240명), 조기 고혈압군(419명), 고혈압 1단계군(249명)이며, 체질량지수는 저체중군(19명), 정상군(263명), 과체중군(270명), 비만 1단계군(325명), 비만 2단계이상군(31명)으로 분류하였다. 체력요소는 근력, 근지구력, 평형성, 유연성, 심폐지구력을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 고혈압 분류에 따라 근지구력(p=0.029), 평형성(p=0.006)에서 유의한 수준이 나타났고, 체질량지수 분류에 따라 근지구력(p<0.001), 평형성(p<0.001), 심폐지구력(p=0.002)에서 통계적으로 유의한 수준이 나타났다. 결론적으로 고혈압과 체질량지수 분류에 따라 노인 체력의 수준에 차이가 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. In this study, based on the data from the Korean national fitness assessment in 2017, the physical fitness levels of the elderly according to their level of hypertension and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed and quantified to construct a more scientific resource for public health promotion and to be utilized as fundamental data to inform about the importance of improving physical fitness level to prevent elevated blood pressures and maintain the appropriate BMI. This study was conducted in 908 elderly people aged 65 years or older. The patients with hypertension were categorized into normal (n = 240), early-stage hypertension (n = 419), and first-stage hypertension groups (n = 249). BMIs were divided into the underweight (n = 19), normal weight (n = 263), overweight (n = 270), first-stage obesity (n = 325), and past-the-second-stage obesity group (n = 31). Muscle strength, muscular endurance, balance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance were measured as the physical fitness factors. We conducted a one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test using SPSS 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The significance level was validated at p values of <0.05. In the patients with hypertension, the results showed significant differences among the groups in terms of muscular endurance (p = 0.029) and balance (p = 0.006). In BMI, the results showed significant differences among the groups in terms of muscular endurance (p < 0.001), balance (p < 0.001), and cardiorespiratory endurance (p = 0.002). Thus, physical fitness levels differed depending on the level of hypertension and BMI.

연령에 따른 스크린 배드민턴 참여가 집중력에 미치는 영향

강소형(Kang, So-Hyung),김규태(Kim, Kyu-Tae) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the results of 12-week participation in screen badminton with 30 men and women as subjects, with 10 each in their 10s, 30s, and 50s, living in D metropolitan city to verify the effects of screen badminton in improving beneficial mental functions. In order to measure one’s concentration for this study, Attention, Impulsive, and Incorrect factors were measured as variables. The study shows statistically significant changes in Attention among those in their 10s (p<.01) and 30s (p<.01), Impulse among those in their 50s (p<.05), and Incorrect in their 30s (p<.01) and 50s (p<.001). In conclusion, screen badminton has been confirmed to help positive changes in concentration improvement in a wide range of age groups in their 10s, 30s, and 50s. It is also significant that this study was the first to explore the effects of screen badminton on one’s concentration.

유산소 운동이 사무직 중년 남성의 스트레스 회복능력에 미치는 효과

강소형(Kang, So-Hyung) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this research is to present a relatively more effective method of relieving stress through aerobic exercise for the middle aged men of clerical jobs by analyzing the impact of aerobic exercise after performing a 12 week aerobic exercise. In this research, 35 middle aged men of clerical jobs were subjected to the aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. A mild aerobic exercise was performed at 60%VO₂max for 3 times a week for 50 minutes each. The stress hormones were measured by collecting cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine for a total of 6 times for 30 minutes before exercise and 60 minutes after exercise during the 1st and 12th weeks of the exercise. To review the changes of stress hormones as per the times before and after the exercise and the time of measurement, we conducted analysis using the Repeated Measures ANOVA using SPSS/PC + Win21.0 Version. The level of significance was validated at the level of p<.05. Consequently, the statistically significant difference (p<.001) was demonstrated for cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine for all of the subjects (for the 1st and 12th weeks of the exercise) following the verification period (before the exercise, 30 minutes after the exercise, and 60 minutes after the exercise), and there was also a statistically significant difference (p<.01) in the interaction between time period and the subjects. Furthermore, there was also a difference (p<.001) between the verification groups in between the subjects. Therefore, the aerobic exercise for 12 weeks has been discovered to have a positive impact on the middle-aged men of clerical jobs, further stressing the need for the exercise.

연령에 따른 스크린 배드민턴 참여가 신체 성분과 심폐 능력에 미치는 영향

강소형(Kang, So-Hyung),김규태(Kim, Kyu-Tae) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.5

This experimental research was conducted to examine and understand the effect of screen badminton on the body components and cardiorespiratory ability, and through which, it was sought to validate whether the screen badminton can be helpful for achieving positive changes as body components and enhancing the cardiorespiratory ability. For this research, the BMI, skeletal muscles, and body fats were measured as the measurement variables for measuring the body components of 30 people in each age group of their teens, those in their 30s, and those in their 50s residing in City D after performing screen badminton for 12 weeks. As for the measurement variables for measuring the cardiorespiratory capacity, VO₂max, VE, RF, RQ, and HR during exercise were measured. As a result of the study conducted, the variables of the body components measured demonstrated statistically significant results in their 30s (p<.05) for BMI, skeletal muscle in their 30s (p<.01), and body fats in their 30s (p<.05) and 50s (p<.01), respectively. As for the results for the cardiorespiratory capacity measurement, statistically significant results were demonstrated across all age groups such as the items of VO₂max for the teens (p<.05) and those in their 30s (p<.01), items of VE for all age groups of the teens (p<.05), those in their 30s (p<.001), and those in their 50s (p<.01), items of RF for those in their 30s (p<.01) and those in their 50s (p<.05), items of RQ for the teens (p<.05) and those in their 30s (p<.01), and items of HRmax for the teens (p<.001), those in their 30s (p<.001), and those in their 50s (p<.001), respectively.

유산소 운동이 인터넷 게임중독 청소년의 건강관련 삶의 질(Peds QL™ 4.0)과 도파민에 미치는 영향과 상관관계 분석

강소형(Kang, So-Hyung) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

This study investigates the effects of the 12-week aerobic exercise program on “health-related quality of life” and dopamine levels in adolescents with internet gaming addiction and conducts correlation analysis for the variables after the exercise program is over in order to suggest a more effective method for reducing the addiction that incorporates aerobic exercise for internet gaming-addicted youths. In this study, 41 adolescents diagnosed with internet gaming addiction were assigned to the aerobic exercise group (21) and the control group (20) for a 12-week long experiment. The aerobic exercise group participated in a 50-minute long aerobic exercise sessions with a moderate intensity (60%VO₂max) three times a week. The health-related quality of life was measured using the Korean version of Peds QL™ 4.0, and the dopamine levels were measured before and after the experiment for both the exercise and the control groups. The mean and standard deviation of scores on each item were obtained using SPSS/PC+ Win20.0 Version to examine the differences in health-related quality of life and dopamine level between two groups and pre-post measurements. The differences were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations among variables after exercise. The statistical significance was tested at p〈.05. The analysis results show significant differences in physical functioning (F=23.28, p〈.001) and scholastic functioning (F=168.46, p〈.001) among items of health-related quality of life. The changes in dopamine level was also significant (F=11.565, p〈.01). Regarding post-exercise correlations between health-related quality of life and dopamine level, only the correlation between physical functioning showed a significant negative correlation with dopamine level (r=-0.690, p〈.05). Thus, it is concluded that aerobic exercise is effective in increasing health-related quality of life and reducing stress hormones in adolescents with internet gaming addiction.

노인의 근력과 혈압의 상관성

강소형(Kang, So-Hyung),김규태(Kim, Kyu-Tae) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

This study sought to examine the correlation between the senior citizens’ muscular strength and blood pressure as a cross-sectional research design based on the national fitness of 100. The subjects involved 901 senior citizens aged 65 to 89, and as for the variables of muscular strength, the upper extremity muscular strength measurement method was performed, and the lower extremity muscular strength measurement method was performed by repeating sitting on a chair and standing up off the chair, while the systolic and diastolic parameters were set for the blood pressure variables. did. As for the data on the results measured for this study, the mean (M ) and the standard deviation (SD) of each question were calculated by using the SPSS/PC+ Win 21.0 Version. A simple correlation analysis was performed to validate the correlation between the muscular strength and blood pressure of this measured value, and all of the statistical significance levels were set to the level of p<.5, respectively. As a result of the study, the upper extremity muscular strength and systolic blood pressure, upper extremity muscular strength and the diastolic blood pressure demonstrated such a clear and positive correlation, while the lower extremity muscular strength and systolic blood pressure demonstrated a clear and negative correlation and statistical significance, while the lower extremity muscular strength and diastolic blood pressure demonstrated a weak and negative correlation, respectively. As a result, it was verified that there is a correlation between the muscular strength and the blood pressure.

CVD 중년남성의 복합운동 참여가 호흡 순환계에 미치는 영향

강소형(Kang, So-Hyung),김일곤(Kim, Il-Kon),차진(Cha, Jin),김승석(Kim Seung-Suk),박준영(Park, Joon-young) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

This study aimed to analyze the effect of complex exercises on the cardiorespiratory system of middle aged men with CVD (Cardiovascular Disease), and support them to lead more healthy life by providing data for exercise treatment after analyzing proper exercise intensity and making them participate in exercises aggressively to improve risky factors. We were diagnosed as CVD patients in the health screening test, to proceed with this study. We performed submaximum exercise stress test using modified Bruce protocol for the patients and set exercise intensity for each patient based on this test. We stopped exercises at once at this time, when 2 conditions corresponded to out of 3 conditions during submaximum exercise stress test : blood pressure is higher than 180/120 ㎜Hg, ST fragments falls below -2㎜, the heart rate is higher than 160times/min. We decided the point to stop exercise as 100% of individual’s exercise intensity, and performed aerobic exercise at the intensity of 60% for each patient, and proceeded with resistance exercises (warm up exercise: 10min, complex exercise : 80min, cooling down exercise : 10min) at the arms 40%RM, at the legs 60%RM after measuring dynamic maximum strength of each individual (1-RM) for 8 weeks, 100min/time, 3times/week, to achieve the purpose of this study, we processed data measured using the statistical program SPSS 12.0 version. We calculated mean and standard deviation by each item of measured data came from pre/post test, performed paired t-test to verify differences by exercise type between before/after exercise. The results of this study is as follows. The middle aged men with CVD, who participated in the complex program, showed a significant improvement in blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, ST segment, maximum oxygen uptake, ventilation/min.

유산소 운동이 심혈관질환 위험군 남성 노인의 운동능력과 ST Level에 미치는 효과

강소형 ( So-hyung Kang ),김도진 ( Do-jin Kim ) 한국특수체육학회 2020 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 심혈관질환 위험성이 있는 남성 노인을 대상으로 유산소 운동이 운동능력과 ST level에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하고자 16주간의 트레드밀 유산소 운동 전과 후의 결과를 비교, 분석하여 심혈관질환 남성 노인들에게 운동의 효과를 보다 명확하게 전달하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 65세 이상의 남성 노인 중, 심혈관질환 발병 위험도 평가도구(KOSHA GUIDE H-1-2013)를 이용하여, 중등도 위험군의 ②단계 이상에 해당하는 14명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 변인으로 운동능력 측정을 위하여 VO₂와 HRrest를 측정하였고, 심혈관질환 위험 정도를 즉각적으로 알 수 있는 지표인 ST level을 변인으로 하였다. 연구결과, 운동능력 측정 변인인 VO₂는 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 나타냈고 (p<.001), HRrest도 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 나타냈다(p<.001). ST level의 결과도 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 나타났다(p<.001). 결론적으로, 심혈관질환 위험군 남성 노인에게 유산소 운동은 운동능력의 향상과 ST level의 긍정적인 변화에 도움을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the results before and after 16 weeks of treadmill aerobic exercise to identify how aerobic exercise affects the motor ability and the ST level of male elderly people with cardiovascular disease risk. This study was conducted on 14 male seniors aged 65 or older, two or higher degree in the severe risk group, using the cardiovascular disease risk assessment tool (KOSHA GUIDE H-1-2013). VO₂ and HRrest were measured to measure motor ability, which is one variable in this study, and ST level, an indicator of the risk of cardiovascular disease, was used as another variable. The study found that VO₂, a motor ability measurement variable, showed statistically significant changes (p<0.01), and HRrest also showed statistically significant changes (p<0.01). The results of the ST level also showed statistically significant changes (p<0.01). In conclusion, aerobic exercise has been confirmed to help improve motor skills and positive changes in the ST level for male elderly people who are at risk for cardiovascular disease.

수중저항운동이 지적장애아동의 뇌파 및 혈중지질변화에 미치는 영향

김도진 ( Do Jin Kim ),강소형 ( So Hyung Kang ) 한국특수체육학회 2014 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 수중저항운동이 지적장애아동의 뇌파 및 혈중지질변화에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이에 서울과 경기도 지역의 아동발달센터를 내방한 지적장애 남자 아동 26명을 대상으로 부모의 동의를 얻어 수중저항운동군 13명, 대조군 13명으로 구성하여 12주간의 수중저항운동프로그램에 참여하도록 하였다. 12주간의 수중저항운동프로그램 적용 후 수중저항운동 군과 대조군의 사전 검사 결과와 사후 검사결과는 PASW 18.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 각 그룹 및 처치프로그램에 대한 기술통계를 제시하였으며, 수중저항운동프로그램의 처치 효과에 대한 상호작용유무(interaction) 및 주효과(main effect)에 대한 분석은 two-way(2*2) RG(Randomized Group)RM(Repeated Measures)ANOVA를 적용하였으며, 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 이와 같은 절차를 통해 뇌파의 경우 L-m-alpha와 R-m-alpha에서 처치프로그램에 대한 상호작용효과를 나타냈으며, 혈중지질의 경우 TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C에서 처치프로그램의 상호작용효과를 나타냈다. 뇌파의 경우 제공되는 수치 자체가 소수점 이하의 경우가 많아 통계적인 변화를 나타내는 데는 어려움이 있다. 그러나 자료의 변화 패턴을 살펴보면 처치프로그램의 긍정적인 효과를 알 수 있었다. 차후 수중운동프로그램을 보다 세분화하고 각 측정변인에 대한 관련성에 대한 연구가 보완된다면 처치프로그램의 효과를 규명하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to find out what effects aquatic exercise has on EEG and blood lipid changes of children with intellectual disability. To that end, 26 male children were recruited among those with intellectual disabilities who have visited children development centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province regions. They were asked to patriciate in an aquatic exercise program with parental consent and were divided into 2 groups: the aquatic exercise group (13 children) and the control group (13 children). After the aquatic exercise program was applied for 12 weeks, the results of the pre-test and post-tests of the two groups were obtained and the descriptive statistics were presented for each group and for a treatment program using a PASW 18.0 statistical program. To analyze the interaction and the main effect using the aquatic exercise, Randomized Group Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. In this procedure, it was found out that the treatment program positively affected EEG, especially L-m-alpha and R-m-alpha. It was also observed that the treatment program had the positive interaction effects on blood lipid changes associated with TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C. This suggests that the aquatic exercise program positively affects neuro-physiological factors. It is considered that the aquatic exercise also positively works on blood lipid changes.

금연 중 운동 유무에 따른 코티닌 배출 효과 비교

김승석(Kim, Seung-Suk),강소형(Kang, So-Hyung) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

The objective of this study is to verify whether exercising of smokers provides a valid effect on emission of cotinine in urine and to suggest more effective way of quitting smoking through the exercise while stopping smoking. This study has been conducted with experiment for 6 weeks by classifying 21 male smokers into a control group (10 subjects) and experiment group (11 subjects) who were aged at 35 or above and decided to quit smoking. With control group, test has been conducted as to whether they smoked with urine nicotine kit for 2 times a week. With experiment group, subjects were asked to participate in aerobic exercise in the 65~70%HRmax for 50 minutes a time for three times per week while testing whether to smoke in the same conditions with the control group. Test on urine cotinine has been conducted for three times before the exercise and 3 and 6 weeks after the exercise, respectively Using SPSS/PC+ Win22.0 Version, mean and standard deviation in each item have been calculated. In order identify the difference of changes in urine cotinine depending on each group and measuring period, repeated measures ANOVA was used for the analysis. Significance level of p<.05 in the verification process. According to the results of analysis, there was a difference in intra-object verification period (F=207.273, p<.001). It also turned out that there was a difference in groups in verification process between objects (F=1.116, p<.05). Therefore, aerobic exercise turned out to positively influence on the emission of cotinine through urine among smokers while stopping smoking.