영양각탕(羚羊角湯)이 뇌혈류량(腦血流量)에 미치는 영향(影響)

강성현,윤용갑,Kang Sung-Hyun,Yun Young-Gab 대한한의학방제학회 2002 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

Yongyanggaktang has been used in oriental medicine as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease and eclampsia for many years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Yongyanggaktang and its exception of Cornu Saigae Tataricae(羚羊角) in YYG about regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in rats. 1. rCBF was increased by Yongyanggaktang in dose dependently. 2. rCBF was increased by exception of Cornu Saigae Tataricae(羚羊角) in YYG at high dosages. 3. rCBF was decreased by Yongyanggaktang pretreated propranolol. 4. L-NNA did not affect rCBF. 5.ODQ did not affect rCBF. Above the results. Yongyanggaktang relates to the symphathetic action.

도재전장관용 비귀금속합금과 도재의 융착결합에 관한 연구

강성현,Kang, Sung-Hyun 대한치과보철학회 1980 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The adhesive mechanisms on the metal-ceramic restorations have been reported to be mechanical interlocking, chemical bonding, compressive force, and Van der Waal's force, etc. Of these, the mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding forces are thought to affect the adhesive force between Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain. This study investigates the adhesion of Ni-Cr alloy to porcelain according to surface treatment. For this purpose, the following experiments were made; The compositions of Ni-Cr alloy as cast by emission spectrograph, and the oxides produced on Ni-Cr alloy during degassing at $1850^{\circ}F$ for 30 minutes in air and in vacuum were analyzed by X-ray diffractograph. The metal phases of Ni-Cr alloy were observed according to porcelain-baking cyclic heat treatment by photo microscope and the distribution and the shift of elements of Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain and the failure phases between Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain by scanning electron microscope. The adhesive force between Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain was measured according to surface treatment with oxidization and roughening by Instron Universal Testing Machine. Results were as follows; 1. The metal phases of Ni-Cr alloy as cast and degassing state showed the enlarged and fused core, but when subjected to porcelain-baking cyclic heat treatment, showed a dendrite growing. 2. The kinds of metal oxides produced on Ni-Cr alloy during degassing were found to be NiO and $Cr_2O_3$. 3. The distribution of elements at the interface of Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain in degassing state showed demarcation line, but in roughening state, showed mechanical interlocking phase. 4. The shift of elements at the interface occurred in both states, but the shift amount was found to be larger in roughening than in degassing. 5. The adhesive force between Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain was found to be $3.45{\pm}0.93kg/mm^2$, in degassing and $3.82{\pm}0.99kg/mm^2$, in roughening. 6. The failure phase between Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain showed the mixed type failure.

염전 병행 태양광 발전 시스템 타당성 검토를 위한 기초연구

강성현(Seong-hyun Kang),김봉석(Bong-suck Kim),김근호(Geun Ho GIM),박종성(Jongsung Park),김덕성(Deok Sung Kim),임철현(Cheolhyun Lim) 한국태양광발전학회 2021 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.9 No.1

In this study, the effect of water level and temperature on the power generation was investigated in a water tank with an aquavoltaic PV module to perform feasibility research for the development of salt farm aquavoltaic system. The silicon solar cell attached to the bottom of each water tank is a 1-cell mini module, and the underwater effects of the crystal phase (19.0~19.9% of single- & 17.9~19.9% of poly-crystalline) of the PV module were investigated, and power generation characteristics for water level (0~10 cm) and temperature (10~40°C) were analyzed. The deterioration coefficients according to the water level and temperature of each single- and poly-crystalline module were investigated at very similar levels such as, –2.01 %/cm and –2.02 %/cm, –0.50 %/°C and –0.48 %/°C, respectively. Therefore, in salt farm aquavoltaic system, water levels need to maintain as low as possible, and heat-induced degradation is similar to those shown in general land, and no factors have been found to be affected by the underwater environment depending on the determination.

항암치료제로서의 면역관문 억제제에 관한 최근 연구 동향

강성현 ( Sung-hyun Kang ),박용빈 ( Yong-bin Park ),신희종 ( Hee-jong Shin ) 서울대학교 인구의학연구소 2015 人口醫學硏究論集 Vol.28 No.-

Immune checkpoint receptors are crucial molecules for adjusting immune responses. Checkpoint signaling dampens T cell activation to avoid autoimmunity and the destructive effects of an excessive inflammatory response. It is well established that tumors use several mechanisms to avoid elimination by the immune system. Checkpoint blockade therapy utilizes monoclonal antibodies to release the brakes from suppressed T cells, allowing them to be activated and recover their antitumor activity. This therapeutic approach has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, and extraordinary increases in overall survival were noted, first with anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4) and subsequently with anti-PD-l (programmed cell death receptor-I) in melanoma and other malignancies. The complex biology of immune checkpoint pathways still contains many mysteries, and the full activity spectrum of checkpoint blocking drugs is currently the subject of intense study. In this review, we discuss the discovery of immune checkpoints, the clinical application of their inhibitors and the future directions of this highly interesting class of molecules.

전후 미국의 `점령형 신탁통치`의 성립과 냉전적 변형 ― 조선, 미크로네시아, 류큐제도를 중심으로

강성현 ( Kang Sung Hyun ) 한국사회사학회 2016 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.112

본 연구는 미국의 전후 기획과 실행에서 점령과 신탁통치가 어떻게 결합되고, 이 `점령형 신탁통치`가 어떻게 냉전적으로 변형되는지 검토한다. 우선 군사점령 및 이를 통한 종속지역에 대한 지배와 통치의 역사, 그리고 국제법적 논의를 면밀히 고찰한다. 제국주의의 식민지 확장 전쟁과 점령이 국제정치 및 국제법의 틀 내에서 어떻게 견제를 받으면서 제도화되었고, 그 과정에서 만들어진 위임통치-신탁통치 `장치`를 관계적으로 살펴본다. 다음으로 조선, 미크로네시아, 류큐제도를 대상으로 분석했다. 조선은 `적국으로부터 분리된 지역`이었고, 미크로네시아는 일본의 위임통치령이었으며, 류큐제도는 일본 주권이 미치는 영토였다. 조선은 유엔에 의한 4개국(미·소·영·중)의 `비전략적 신탁통치` 적용이 시도되었다가 끝내 좌절되었고, 미크로네시아는 미국으로의 `병합`과 신탁통치 적용 사이에서 결국 미국을 유일한 시정권자로 하는 `전략적 신탁통치`로 귀결되었으며, 류큐제도는 유엔이 아닌 샌프란시스코 대일평화조약을 통해 미국을 유일한 시정권자로 하는 신탁통치로 결정되었다. 이 글은 세 지역에서 기획, 적용, 냉전적 변형을 겪은 신탁통치를 `점령형 신탁통치`의 시각에서 분석한다. This study examines how occupation and trusteeship are combined in the U.S. Post-war Plan, the plan`s implementation, and how `occupational trusteeship` transforms during the Cold War. First, this article addresses military occupation`s history of control and domination of dependent areas through an analysis of international law. I examine imperialist colonial expansion-motivated use of war and occupation, while investigating colonial institutionalization within the framework of international politics and international law via the Mandate and Trusteeship `Dispostif`.Next, I analyze Korea, Micronesia, and the Ryukyu Islands. Korea was a “territory which may be detached from enemy state”, Micronesia was a territory held under the mandate of Japan, and the Ryukyu Islands were territories falling within the sovereignity of Japan. In Korea, four countries (U.S., USSR, British, China) tried to protract a `non-strategic trusteeship` (U.S., USSR, British, China), but their attempts failed. In the case of Micronesia, between the `annexation` to the U.S. and the application of the trusteeship, it eventually resulted in a `strategic trusteeship` with the U.S. as the sole administering authority. Ryukyu Islands was placed under the U.N. International trusteeship system through a peace treaty, with the U.S. as the sole administering authority. This article analyzes the international trusteeship system that was planned, applied, and transformed in the above three locations from the viewpoint of `Occupational Trusteeship`.

과거사와 세월호 참사 진상규명을 둘러싼 쟁점과 평가

강성현(Kang, Sung-hyun) 역사비평사 2014 역사비평 Vol.- No.109

This study analyses and evaluates issues relating to the “reconstruction of truth” of the Sewol Ferry disaster and past events, and suggests solutions to find the basic logic and method for the “reconstruction of truth” of the disaster. This study also defines the meaning of “reconstruction of truth” based on a review of the history of past settlements and models in Korea. From this review an evaluation of issues pertinent to a “reconstruction of truth” of the Sewol Ferry disaster is made that suggests limitations and tasks that need to be done with respect to the existing special law relating to the event. The main issues reviewed are the organization, status and independency of the committee examining the disaster, participation and leadership of the victim"s advocacy, the authority of investigation, examination and prosecution, and the time of investigation.

[기획특집] 전향에서 감시ㆍ동원, 그리고 학살로 -국민보도연맹 조직을 중심으로-

강성현(Kang Sung-hyun) 역사학연구소 2004 역사연구 Vol.- No.14

습식 사이클론용 직렬 임팩터의 최적설계

강성현(Sung Hyun Kang),임승호(Seung Ho Lim),김가영(Ga Young Kim),손민수(Minsoo Son),신원규(Weon Gyu Shin) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12

In this study, a novel in-line impactor with the flowrate of 1000 lpm and d50(50% cut size) of 19.5㎛ was designed to be conveniently connected to a wet cyclone. The novel in-line impactor has an orifice unlike previously developed in-line impactors. The collection efficiency of our impactor was predicted through numerical analysis using DPM module in ANSYS 14.5 FLUENT solver. CFD simulations were conducted at a fixed Stokes number varying the size of orifice width (d<SUB>o</SUB>) and distance between an orifice and a nozzle (L<SUB>n,o</SUB>). From the results, it was found that the larger L<SUB>n,o</SUB> makes d<SUB>50</SUB> larger. When d<SUB>o</SUB> and L<SUB>n,o</SUB> equal to 4.2 mm and 32 mm, respectively, our newly designed impactor has the lowest wall loss rate and a very steep collection efficiency curve like conventional impactors.

계자코일 파라메터추정 기법을 이용한 동기발전기의 성능개선

강성현(Seong-Hyun Kang),박성미(Seong-Mi Park),이화춘(Hwa-Chun Lee),박성준(Sung-Jun Park) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2013 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.27 No.4

This paper proposes a performance improvement of synchronous generator using exciter control with field coils parameter estimation technique. In general, the generator excitation system controller uses the PID controller. When the Field winding impedance changed, the PID gains must be changed. General method is difficult to apply varying capacity of the synchronous generator. The proposed control method determine automatically measure the internal impedance of the synchronous generator‘s exciter and configure the controller. This method can be applied regardless of the generator capacity. So it is possible to apply a variety of synchronous generator systems. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and experiments.

한국의 국가 형성기 "예외상태 상례"의 법적 구조

강성현 ( Sung Hyun Kang ) 한국사회사학회 2012 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.94

이 글은 국가건설, 혁명, 내전, 냉전의 교차 속에서 창출된 예외상태 상례의 법적 구조라는 차원에서 ‘폭력적 법’이자 ‘법제화된 폭력’이었던 한국의 국가보안법과 계엄법을 분석했다. 두 법은 제주4·3사건과 여순사건을 계기로 ‘비상시기의 비상조치’로서 탄생해 각각 내전을 법제화하고 ‘계엄상태’를 창출한 예외상태 법이자 법정 립적 폭력이었다. 국가보안법은 내전적 상황에서 제정된 법으로, ‘사상’을 매개로 ‘마음속 목적’을 판단해 외부의 적과 내부의 적을 규정하고 적대적으로 배제하는 법이었다. 그런데 국가보안법은 1925년 치안유지법을 모델로 했기 때문에 법조문상으로는 ‘평시의 사상처벌법’이었지만, 내전적 상황 속에서 탄생했기 때문에 사실상 ‘전시법’적으로 운용되었다. 법의 조문과 운용 사이에 괴리가 있었던 것이다. 이 때문에 국가보안 법은 ‘평시의 계엄법’으로 평가되기도 했다. 이 괴리는 1949년의 국가보안법 전부 개정을 통해 해소되었다. 이렇게 명실상부한 전시법으로서의 국가보안법은 제헌헌법을 압도했고, 주권권력인 국민은 기본권을 박탈당한 채 처벌의 대상으로 전락하는 사태가 발생했다. 이런 의미에서 국가보안법은 내전을 법제화한 것이었고, 사회를 적대하는 합법적 내전 그 자체였으며, 예외상태 법이었다. 계엄법은 비상사태를 전제로 헌법의 일부 조항을 효력 정지시키는 국가긴급권을 법률화한 것이다. 이 법은 비상사태를 결정하는 자가 누구인지를 규정함으로써 진정한 주권자가 형해화된 국민이 아닌 대통령과 그 대리인(지역사령관의 임시계엄 의 경우)임을 분명히 했다. 계엄 선포를 통해 창출된 ‘계엄상태’에서 군은 헌법상 국민의 기본권을 정지시킨 채 생사여탈권을 휘둘렀다. “사람 죽이는 것이 계엄령” 이라는 인식이 생겨날 정도였다. 역설적인 것은 이 계엄법이 계엄법 부존재 상태에 서의 계엄 선포와 그것을 빌미로 자행된 국가폭력을 통해 정립되었다는 점이다. 아감벤과 벤야민식으로 말하면 ‘계엄법 없는 계엄 선포’에 근거한 국가폭력이 ‘법 정립적 폭력’으로 기능해 계엄법 제정을 이끌어냈다고 할 수 있다. 한국전쟁의 발발은 예외상태가 상례가 되는 상황을 초래했다. 예외와 상례가 전면적으로 혼동되는 상황이 펼쳐졌고 그 둘을 구분하는 것이 불가능하게 되었다. 국가보안법과 계엄법은 비상사태범죄처벌특조령과 함께 예외상태 상례의 법적 구 조를 구성하는 ‘트로이카’였다. 이 법적 구조물이 국민을 ‘빨갱이’로 낙인하고 대량학살한 것은 주지의 사실이 다. 한국전쟁기 ‘보도연맹원’, ‘사상범’, ‘부역자(附逆者)’ 등에 대한 집단학살이 바로 그것이다. 다시 말해 학살 등 국민에 대한 국가폭력은 법의 바깥(혹은 법의 폐지)에 서 발생한 것이 아니라 법질서와의 관계 속에서 집행되었던 것이다. This study analyzed the National Security Law(NSL) and the Martial Law of Korea, the ‘violent law’ and ‘legalized violence’, defining these laws as a legal structure of ‘usual state of exception’ rooted from the dynamics of state building, revolution, civil war, and cold war. These two law has been born as ‘emergency measure in the case of emergency’ via Jeju 4·3 Incident and Yo-sun Incident, each legalized civil war, created ‘state of siege’ as the law of state of exception and lawmaking violence. The NSL, which was enacted in state of civil war, judged the one’s ‘inner purpose’ through one’s ‘thought(political idea)’, defined the enemy inside or outside, and excluded them with hostility. Even though the legal provisions of NSL has defined it as the Thought Punishment Law ‘of peacetime’ by modeling Peace Preservation Law(1925), the NSL was used and managed as the legal system ‘of wartime’. It is that there was a certain gap between the legal provisions and management. As a result, the NSL has been evaluated as ‘the Martial Law of peacetime’. In 1949, this gap was reduced by the total revision of NSL. Then the NSL, the wartime legal system, started to overwhelm the First Constitution of Republic of Korea and this brought the many violent incidents shown as the national civilians became objects to be punished without fundamental human rights. For this context, the NSL is the legalized figure of civil war, is the legal civil war itself making the national society enemy, and is the law of the state of exception. The Martial Law is the legal form of State Emergency Power, stopping legal force of some articles in the constitution on the assumption of the emergency state. This law defined who can decide the emergency and clarified that the president or his deputy(in case of temporary martial law by the local commanding general) is to be the true sovereign, not the people who are legally invisible subjects. In ‘the state of siege’, created by the promulgation of the Martial Law, the military controlled the life-or-death authority by revocation of the fundamental human rights guaranteed by the constitution. It made even the phrase, “The martial law, the merciless killing weapon”. In fact, it is an irony that this martial law is rooted from these; the promulgation of the martial law in absence of the martial law and the national state violence justified by this law. To describe this situation using the notions and way of Giorgio Agamben and Walter Benjamin, the state violence based on ‘the promulgation of the martial law without the martial law(force of law without force)’, functioned as ‘the lawmaking violence(rechtsetzende Gewalt )’ and caused the enactment of the martial law. And the outbreak of Korean War transformed this state of exception into the usual state. This brought the complete confusion of the usual and exceptional state and no one able to differentiate them. Thus, NSL, the Martial Law and the Special Penalty under the State of Emergency, the three laws became the ‘notorious troika’ consisting the legal structure of the state of exception. It is very clear that this legal structure put stigma of ‘the Red’ on national civilians and brought the genocide in state. In period of Korean War, the massacre of ‘bo-do-yon-maeng won(member of national guidance alliance)’, ‘sa-sang-bum(thought criminal)’, ‘bu-youk-ja(traitor)’ were the byproducts of this legal structure. Thus, the state violence against the national civilians; the genocide was committed not outside of the legal system(or the revocation of the law), rather the problematic relation with law and order.