Biochemical studies on Ginseng Saponin (XXIV) The effect of ginseng saponin fraction on porcine pancreatic lipase

강방희,주충노,Kang, Bang-Hee,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.3

인삼 Saponin 분획(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)의 여러가지 효소에 대한 비특이적 활성화 작용은 인삼 saponin 존재하에서 효소의 conformation이 변화하는데 기이한다는 것을 증명하기 위하여 적정 농도의 인삼 saponin분획이 함유된 반응액에서의 돼지 췌장 lipase의 comformation의 변화를 UV-difference spectrum 측정, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)적정, 그리고 disc polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis 등으로 제시하였다. The conformational change of porcine pancreatic lipase in the presence of moderate amounts of the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer were demonstrated by UV-difference spectrum measurement, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) titration and disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to explain the nonspecific enzyme stimulating effect of the ginseng saponin fraction.

인삼 Saponin 이 돼지 췌장 Lipase 에 미치는 영향

강방희,주충노 ( Bang Hee Kang,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.3

The conformational change of porcine pancreatic lipase in the presence of moderate amounts of the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer were demonstrated by UV-difference spectrum measurement, 5,5`-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) titration and disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to explain the nonspecific enzyme stimulating effect of the ginseng saponin fraction.

인삼 Saponin 이 혈청 지단백에 미치는 영향

강방희,주충노 ( Bang Hee Kang,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.3

The effects of saponin fraction of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer on blood serum lipoproteins were investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. When the ginseng saponins were added to blood serum of human and/or rat, a significant increase of the prealbumin lipids could be observed by electrophoresis at their high concentrations. The electrophoretogram of blood serum of rat fed with ginseng saponin (1 ㎎) containing radioactive saponin preparation (1.58 μCi) showed a very high radioactivity in the prealbumin fraction. A considerable amount of radioactivity was also found in albumin fraction and a little but definite amounts of the radioactivity were detected in the other fractions. This suggests that the saponin might interact with proteins as well as stabilized lipid micellar structures.

인삼 사포닌의 생화학적 연구 (XXVII). 인삼 사포닌 분획이 쥐와 토끼의 간의 저밀도 지단백질 (LDL) 수용체에 미치는 영향

강방희,주충노,Kang, Bang-Hee,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.2

사포닌을 함유한 고 cholesterol 식이조건으로 사육한 토끼 (시험군)와 사포닌을 함유하지 않은 고 cholesterol 식이로 사육한 토끼 (대조군)에서 분리한 간 원형질 막을 저밀도 지단백질 (LDL) 수용체원으로 사용하고 [$^{125}I$]-LDL을 이용하여 LDL에 대한 LDL수용체의 결합 활성을 조사한 결과 EDTA-resistant binding site의 활성은 대조군과 시험군 사이에 큰 차이가 없으나 EDTA-sensitive binding site 활성은 시험군이 대 조군보다 훨씬 컸으며 고 cholesterol 식이군은 억제된 EDTA-sensitive binding site 활성이 인삼 사포닌 투여로 증가됨으로써 혈액으로부터의 LDL의 제거 속도가 증가된 것으로 생각된다. 쥐 간의 LDL 수용체의 경우도 토끼의 경우와 마찬가지로 대조군의 경우는 EDTA-sensitive binding site의 활성이 크게 저하되었는데 비하여 시험군의 경우는 정상군과 거의 비슷하였다. 쥐 간의 파쇄액을 효소원으로 사용하여 cholesterol로부터의 담즙산 합성에 미치는 인삼 사포닌의 영향을 in vitro에서 조사한 결과 반응액에서의 인삼 사포닌의 농도가 $10^{-4}%$일 때 담즙산 합성이 크게 촉진되었으며 이러한 담즙산 합성촉진이 결과적으로 간의 LDL 수용체 합성의 억제를 완화하는 한 원인일 것으로 생각된다. The binding activity of LDL-receptor towards [$^{125}I$]-LDL was investigated using liver cytoplasmic membrane preparations of rabbits which were fed with high cholesterol diet with and/or without the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. No significant difference of the EDTA-resistant binding site activity was found between the above two groups, however, the binding activity of EDTA-sensitive site of test group was much higher than that of control group, suggesting that the lowered EDTA-sensitive binding site activity by the high cholesterol diet was partly recovered by the saponin adminstration, resulting in a relatively rapid removal of LDL from the blood. Again in the case of rat liver LDL-receptor, the administration of ginseng saponin fraction raised the level of EDTA-sensitive binding site activity which was lowered by high cholesterol diet. The effect of the saponin on the biosynthesis of bile salts from cholesterol by rat liver homogenate was also investigated in vitro and found that the saponin stimulated the biosynthesis. It seems likely that ginseng saponin will partly recover the inhibited LDL biosynthesis caused by high cholesterol diet.

Biochemical Studies on Ginseng Saponin (XXII) The effect of ginseng saponin on blood serum lipoproteins

강방희,주충노,Kang, Bang-Hee,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.3

혈청 지단백에 미치는 인상 saponin의 영향을 in vivo 와 in vitro에서 연구하였다. 인삼 saponin을 사람이나 쥐의 혈청에 첨가하연 그 농도가 높을 때 prealbumin지질이 현저히 증가하였다. 방사능 인삼 saponin ($1.58\;{\mu}Ci$)을 함유한 saponin (1 mg)을 경구 투여한 쥐의 혈청의 electrophoretogram을 조사한 결과 prealbumin fraction에서 매우 높은 방사능이 회수 되었고, albumin 분획에서도 상당량의 방사능이 검출되었으며 미량이나마 다른 분획에서도 검출되었다. 이와 같은 실험 결과는 인삼 saponin이 지질 미셀 형성을 용이하게 할 뿐 아니라 단백질과도 작용하는 것으로 생각된다. The effects of saponin fraction of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer on blood serum lipoproteins were investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. When the ginseng saponins were added to blood serum of human and/or rat, a significant increase of the pre albumin lipids could be observed by electrophoresis at their high concentrations. The electrophoretogram of blood serum of rat fed with ginseng saponin (1 mg) containing radioactive saponin preparation ($1.58\;{\mu}Ci$) showed a very high radioactivity in the pre albumin fraction. A considerable amount of radioactivity was also found in albumin fraction and a little but definite amounts of the radioactivity were detected in the other fractions. This suggests that the saponin might interact with proteins as well as stabilized lipid micellar structures.

인삼 사포닌의 생화학적 연구 (XXVI). 인삼 사포닌 분획이 쥐와 토끼의 간의 저밀도 지단백질(LDL) 흡인에 미치는 영향

강방희,주충노,Kang, Bang-Hee,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.2

인삼 사포닌의 고 cholesterol 혈증 개선작용 메카니즘을 규명하기 위해 고 cholesterol 식이로 사육한 토끼와 쥐 간의 [$^{125}I$]-LDL 흡인 및 혈액으로부터의 제거속도에 미치는 인삼 사포닌의 영향을 검토한 결과 인삼 사포닌은 간의 LDL 흡인을 증가시키고 고 cholesterol식이로 증가된 VLDL의 혈액으로부터의 제거속도를 촉진하였으며 인삼 사포닌에 의한 혈청 cholesterol 농도 감소가 주로 VLDL과 LDL의 농도 감소에 기인된 것으로 밝혀졌다. Effect of the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on LDL uptake by rat and rabbit livers and the disappearance rate of LDL from the blood stream were investigated using [$^{125}I$]-LDL to understand the mechanism of hypocholesterolemic action of ginseng saponin fraction. It was realized that LDL uptake by the liver and LDL disappearance rate from the blood were stimulated in saponin administered animals and the decrease of blood cholesterol level was mainly due to the decrease of VLDL and LDL concentration of the blood.

인삼 사포닌의 생화학적 연구 ( ⅩⅣ ) 인삼 사포닌이 알코올 산화에 미치는 영향

주충노,구자현,강방희 ( Chung No Joo,Ja Hyun Koo,Bang Hee Kang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1979 BMB Reports Vol.12 No.2

The protection effect of the ginseng saponin of the liver from alcohol intoxication was observed either by enzyme assay or by photomicroscope and the following results were obtained. 1). Km values of equine hepatic ADH for ethanol and for NAD^+ in the presence of various concentrations of the saponin showed that both Kms of ADH for ethanol and for NAD^+ were the least when the concentration of the saponin was 1.33 × 10^(-4) % in the assay mixture at which the ADH activity usually showed the highest value, suggesting that the stimulating effect of the saponin might be brought by lowering the Km value of the enzyme either for ethanol or for NAD or for both. 2). It was demonstrated photomicroscopically that the saponin protected the liver from alcohol intoxication. However, the excess amounts of the saponin seemed unsatisfactorily to protect the liver from alcohol intoxication. 3). It was found that the adequate amounts of the saponin stimulated the ALDH activity of the liver considerably, about 1.5 times that of control group. The saponin was also found to stimulate the ADH activity further in the presence of exess ethanol in vivo.

Biochemical Studies on Ginseng Saponins [XIV] The Effect of Ginseng Saponins on Alcohol Oxidation

주충노,구자현,강방희,Joo, Chung-No,Koo, Ja-Hyun,Kang, Bang-Hee 생화학분자생물학회 1979 한국생화학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The protection effect of the ginseng saponin of the liver from alcohol intoxication was observed either by enzyme assay or by photomicroscope and the following results were obtained. 1). Km values of equine hepatic ADH for ethanol and for $NAD^+$ in the presence of various concentrations of the saponin showed that both Kms of ADH for ethanol and for $NAD^+$ were the least when the concentration of the saponin was $1.33{\times}10^{-4}%$ in the assay mixture at which the ADH activity usually showed the highest value, suggesting that the stimulating effect of the saponin might be brought by lowering the Km value of the enzyme either for ethanol or for NAD or for both. 2). It was demonstrated photomicroscopically that the saponin protected the liver from alcohol intoxication. However, the excess amounts of the saponin seemed unsatisfactorily to protect the liver from alcohol intoxication. 3). It was found that the adequate amounts of the saponin stimulated the ALDH activity of the liver considerably, about 1.5 times that of control group. The saponin was also found to stimulate the ADH activity further in the presence of exess ethanol in vivo. 주정 대사에 미치는 인상사포닌의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 주정(12% 에탄올)을 인삼 사포닌(한마리당 20mg)과 같이 매일 10일간 쥐에게 투여한후 쥐간의 ADH 및 ALDH 활성을 조사하고 간세포의 광학현미경적 관찰을 통하여 다음과 같은 실험성적을 얻었다. 1) 광학현미경적으로는 인삼사포닌이 간을 주정유독성에서 보호하는 것으로 관찰 되었다. 2) 적당량의 인삼사포닌은 간의 ALDH 활성을 크게 (대조군의 1.5배 ) 증가 하였다. 3) 주정을 투여한 쥐의 간 ADH활성은 일반적으로 대조군보다 증가되지만 적당량의 인삼투여는 ADH활성을 더욱 증가시킨다. 4) 말의 간 ADH 의 에탄올 밑 $NDA^+$에 대한 $K_m$ 값을 여러가지 인삼사포닌농도하에서 측정한 결과 ADH 활성이 가장 큰 반응액의 인삼사포닌 농도하에서 최소값을 보였다. 이것은 ADH의 활성화가 $K_m$값 저하에 기인되는 것으로 풀이된다.

인삼 사포닌의 생화학적 연구 ( ⅩⅩⅥ ) : 인삼 사포닌 분획이 쥐와 토끼의 간의 저밀도 저단백질 ( LDL ) 흡인에 미치는 영향 The Effect of Ginseng Saponin Fraction on Low Density Lipoprotein ( LDL ) Uptake by Rat and Rabbit Livers .

주충노,강방희 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.2

Effect of the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on LDL uptake by rat and rabbit livers and the disappearance rate of LDL from the blood stream were investigated using [^(125)I]-LDL to understand the mechanism of hypocholesterolemic action of ginseng saponin fraction. It was realized that LDL uptake by the liver and LDL disappearance rate from the blood were stimulated in saponin administered animals and the decrease of blood cholesterol level was mainly due to the decrease of VLDL and LDL concentration of the blood.

인삼 사포닌의 생화학적 연구 ( ⅩⅩⅦ ) : 인삼 사포닌의 분획이 쥐와 토끼의 간의 저밀도 저단백질 ( LDL ) 수용체에 미치는 영향 The Effect of Ginseng Saponin Fraction on LDL - receptor of Rat and Rabbit Livers .

주충노,강방희 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.2

The binding activity of LDL-receptor towards [^(125)I]-LDL was investigated using liver cytoplasmic membrane preparations of rabbits which were fed with high cholesterol diet with and/or without the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. No significant difference of the EDTA-resistant binding site activity was found between the above two groups, however, the binding activity of EDTA-sensitive site of test group was much higher than that of control group, suggesting that the lowered EDTA-sensitive binding site activity by the high cholesterol diet was partly recovered by the saponin adminstration, resulting in a relatively rapid removal of LDL from the blood. Again in the case of rat liver LDL-receptor, the administration of ginseng saponin fraction raised the level of EDTA-sensitive binding site activity which was lowered by high cholesterol diet. The effect of the saponin on the biosynthesis of bile salts from cholesterol by rat liver homogenate was also investigated in vitro and found that the saponin stimulated the biosynthesis. It seems likely that ginseng saponin will partly recover the inhibited LDL biosynthesis caused by high cholesterol diet.