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사이즈를 조절한 홍삼분말의 첨가가 어묵의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향
심도완(Do-Wan Shim),강군(Jun Jiang),김진효(Jin-Hyo Kim),김원우(Won-Wu Kim),강위수(Wie-Soo Kang),최원석(Won-Seok Choi),허선진(Sun-Jin Hur),김동영(Dong-Young Kim),김규천(Kyu-Cheon Kim),이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.10
고품질 어묵 개발을 위하여 홍삼(red ginseng)을 크기가 다른 미세 분말화하여 튀김 어묵을 제조한 다음 색조 변화, 보존성, 가열감량, 지방산화, 총균수와 같은 물리, 화학, 생물학적 특성을 조사하였다. 홍삼분말이 첨가된 어묵의 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 1%와 850 μm 크기의 홍삼분말첨가가 최적으로 나타났다. 홍삼분말이 들어간 어묵의 경우 색도의 변화에서 L값은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, a값과 b값은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 대체적으로 첨가물이 들어간 다른 어묵들과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 그리고 물성검사에서 홍삼분말 90 μm 처리군에서만 경도와 씹힘성이 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 가열감량에서도 홍삼분말이 들어간 어묵이 시중 어묵에 비해서 가열했을 때 어묵 자체의 무게 변화가 더 적은 것을 확인하였다. 지방산패도 측정결과 홍삼분말이 들어간 어묵이 일반 어묵에 비해 지질산화 억제효능이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 특히 사이즈가 가장 작은 10 μm의 홍삼분말을 첨가했을 때 지질산화 억제 효능이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 1% 수준의 홍삼 분말을 어묵에 첨가하는 것이 풍미 증가와 이화학적인 안정성뿐만 아니라 저장성 또한 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 홍삼의 사이즈를 조절하여 첨가함으로써 그 기능성을 더욱 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 생리활성 효능을 가진 홍삼이 함유된 고품질의 어묵을 생산할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. Fried fish pastes containing different size and amounts of red ginseng powder (RGP) were manufactured, and their physico-chemical and biological properties, including color changes, preservation, weight loss after heating, lipid oxidation, and total colony count were analyzed to improve fish paste quality. Sensory evaluation of fish pastes containing RGP was carried out, and the results showed that 1% and 850 μm sized RGP additives were most preferred. In the color change test, decreased L<SUP>*</SUP> (lightness), increased a<SUP>*</SUP> (redness), and increased b<SUP>*</SUP> (yellowness) values were observed, which was similar to other additive-containing commercial fish pastes. In the physical properties test, hardness and chewiness significantly increased in the 90 μm sized RGP group. Weight loss of fish pastes containing RGP after heating was attenuated compared to commercial fish pastes. Fish paste containing RGP showed an inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation. Especially, the 10 μm sized RGP group showed the most significant inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation and reduced total microbes during storage. Therefore, 1% addition of RGP can give rise to high quality fish pastes through improvement of sensory evaluation and physico-chemical properties. Moreover, functionally and physiologically improved fish pastes can be produced by adding different amounts of RGP.
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괴화(槐花) 에탄올 추출물이 RBL-2H3 비만세포에서 Ca<SUP>++</SUP> Ionophore에 의한 알레르기 반응 조절에 미치는 효과
손효(Sun Xiao),강군(Jun Jiang),심도완(Do-Wan Shim),김태권(Tae-Kweon Kim),강태봉(Tae-Bong Kang),이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.3
세포내 Ca<SUP>++</SUP>의 증가는 비만세포에서 수용체 활성을 거치지 않고 탈과립을 유도한다. 괴화는 천연 염색 재료로 사용되고 있으며, 또한 항염증 작용과 FcεRI와 IgE 가교에 의한 항알레르기 효능도 보고되었다. 이번 연구에서 비만세포에서 Ca<SUP>++</SUP> 유입에 의해 생산되는 알레르기 매개물에 대한 괴화추출물의 조절 기능을 보고한다. 괴화 추출물은 A23187에 의해 유도되는 IL-4와 TNF-α의 생산과 탈과립을 저해하였다. 또한 괴화 추출물은 DNFB로 유도한 알레르기 피부염의 동물 모델에서 알레르기 반응을 억제하였다. 괴화추출물 50 mg/kg을 경구투여 또는 도말을 한 경우, DNFB를 단독으로 처리한 군보다 IL-4, TNF 그리고 IFN-γ와 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 생산량이 감소하였다. 또한 괴화 추출물을 처리한 경우 혈청 내 IgE의 함량이 DNFB를 단독으로 처리한 군보다 감소하였다. 괴화 추출물을 처리한 군에서의 비장과 림프절의 무게도 DNFB를 단독으로 처리한 군보다 감소하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 괴화는 비만세포에서 FcεRI 자극뿐만 아니라 Ca<SUP>++</SUP>의 유입에 의한 항알레르기 효능이 있다는 것을 보고한다. Elevation of intracellular calcium (Ca<SUP>++</SUP>) triggers degranulation of mast cells by bypassing receptor activation. Flos Sophora japonica L. has been used as a natural dying source and has been reported to have biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects through FcεRI and IgE crosslinking. In the present investigation, we report the regulatory effect of ethanolic extract of Flos Sophora japonica L. (S.F) on allergic mediators produced by Ca<SUP>++</SUP> ionophore activation in mast cells. S.F significantly inhibited calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production as well as mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, administration of S.F suppressed allergic reactions in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic dermatitis mouse model. Both oral administration and ear painting using 50 mg/kg of S.F significantly reduced levels of cytokines such as IL-4, TNF, and interferon-γ in ear tissues compared to the DNFB alone-treated group. Serum IgE level in the S.F-treated group also decreased compared to the DNFB alone-treated group. Weights of spleens and lymph nodes in the S.F-treated groups also decreased compared to the control group. Considering the data, we conclude that S.F mediates its anti-allergic effects not only through FcεRI stimulation but also Ca<SUP>++</SUP> influx in mast cells.
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장윤수(Jang Yoon Soo),김혜련(Jin Hui Lian),강군(Jiang Jun) 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2011 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국제학술회의 Vol.2011 No.2
After 1990s, the marriage immigrant is increasing rapidly, and the number of marriage immigrants living in South Korea has reached 139,050 by 2010. It is obviously that in as little as 10 years the number of resident foreigners is dramatically increasing. With the advent of the globalization era, the multicultural phenomenon and the rights of vulnerable groups began attracted much attention and one of the issues is the citizenship of immigrant. Although the female marriage immigrants have become new members of Korean society, they still can not become the real Korean citizen actually. Under such a background, centered on the Chinese females, this paper analyzes the citizenship status of the female marriage immigrants with T.H. Marshall’s citizenship theory. That is, this paper through dividing the citizenship of the female marriage immigrants into civil right, political right and social right, investigates the difficulties and the degree to achieve the citizenship in their process to get the legal citizenship. In this paper, through interviewing 10 Chinese female marriage migrants and the results are as follows: First, during the process to obtain the legal citizenship, the female marriage immigrants confronted with many difficulties. In extending their resident visa, especially for applying for permanent residence and naturalization, they have to get the assistance and approval from their husbands. Second, the female marriage immigrants are restricted by many factors in the process of enjoying the civil right, political right and social right, so the rights they enjoyed are the restricted citizenship. As for the civil right, although they have confronted with a lot of difficulties in melting into Korean society, the basic rights involving individual freedom has been guaranteed. In the political rights, Korean society has offered political right to the female marriage immigrants who have held the permanent residency and citizenship, but they are not active in enjoying the political right. As for the social right, it is manly attached to their husband and children. Owing to the economic discrimination, social and culture exclusion as well as other reasons, the female marriage immigrants in Korean society still can not achieve their full citizenship. As new members of Korean society, the female marriage immigrants are beginning to realize their civil rights, and they are also starting to take a series of activities. In order to solve the immigration problems in Korean society, the government should take some measures to protect the citizenship of these female marriage immigrants.
ScienceON
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