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- 저자 : 강경락(姜京洛) (검색결과 29 건)
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강경락 강남대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.41 No.-
The Chinese emigrant was performed on an opening really for the 19th century from the Dynasty of Jin·Han(秦漢). An emigrant is divided into a forced emigrant, a contract emigrant, a freedom emigrant. Specially, a freedom emigrant was active, and the number of the emigrant who was overseas Chinese was increased rapidly for the 20th century. The 80% of overseas Chinese inhabited mainly the Southeast Asia. Therefore, Speakings formation of overseas Chinese capital. must become the Southeast Asia. The overseas Chinese of the Southeast Asia consistently had Chinese continent and relation. The relation of China and Southeast Asia became a base in expansion of overseas Chinese capital. Also, the Southeast Asia overseas Chinese formed a group to a birthplace. A local group(地域幇) became a spindle in an overseas Chinese society of the Southeast Asia. Therefore, as for the overseas Chinese capital, it was operated a region and a blood relative with a base. The birthplace and a blood relative formed the Network. This Network became a base of growth of overseas Chinese capital. Therefore, we must take notice in a change of Network in order to foresee the future of overseas Chinese capital. Competition and cooperation with overseas Chinese capital are necessary so that Korea grows to a-centered nation of East Asia. This paper provided one clue about the way for understanding of overseas Chinese capital.
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강경락 역사교육학회 2009 역사교육논집 Vol.42 No.-
The present study examined how modern trade influenced the economy of Tianjin and its hinterlands focused on the cotton industry–cotton production, cotton spinning and weaving, and traditional manual industry. The pattern of exporting raw materials, which is traditional trade in underdeveloped countries, was not observed as typical in the trade of cotton, one of important products in Tianjin and its hinterlands. In Tianjin, cotton, one of major raw materials in modern industry, could not be an important export item. Rather, cotton export from Tianjin began to grow actively in the situation that the export of cotton was decreasing rapidly in other areas in China. The increase in the export of specific cotton varieties during this period accelerated the cultivation and commercialization of cotton in the agricultural industry of the hinterlands of Tianjin. However, the commercialization of specific cotton varieties was monopolized by and dependent on Japanese importers and Japanese market. With this limitation, cotton export could not have a broad influence on the economy of farmers in the Hebei region, and the influence was limited to the specific area of the Hubei Prefecture. Rather, cotton farming in the hinterlands of Tianjin began to develop stably with the advance of domestic cotton spinning business and improvement of cotton varieties for meeting demand from the cotton spinning industry in Tianjin. Second, the cotton spinning industry in Tianjin achieved remarkable growth in volume in order to meet domestic demand in the middle of the war and Western countries’ disability to produce. The cotton spinning industry in Tianjin grew at full speed particularly after the 1st World War. Different from other areas in China, Tianjin had imported cotton yarn steadily until the early 1920s. Modern cotton spinning factories in Tianjin had to compete with both cotton yarn imported and produced in Shanghai, and got a severe blow by the postwar economic depression. Under the economic depression and chronic shortage of raw cotton, the spinning industry in Tianjin was gradually subjugated to Japanese capitals armed with high capital and technological power. The development of the modern cotton spinning and weaving industry in Tianjin was influenced by the modern trade of Tianjin, but was impacted negatively by the concentration of cotton export on specific varieties and the import of cotton yarn. Lastly, with regard to cotton textile, the cotton textile in Tianjin before the 1st World War was controlled by the U.K. With the outbreak of the 1st World War, Japan replaced the British position over the Tianjin cotton textile market, and enjoyed the predominant position until the early 1920s. However, the predominant position of Japanese‐produced cotton textile was threatened by the development of the cotton yarn industry and the spread of new cotton weaving technology in China. In response to the threat, Japan promoted high quality of their products. Because of its domestic situation and economic decline in China in the 1930s, however, the import of cotton textile from Japan decreased and the market share of imported cotton textile in Tianjin fell below 10%. In the course, the districts of homespun cloth manufacturing using filature silk and new weaving machines in the Hubei region played an important role in rural markets. Using cheap home‐produced cotton yarn and introducing foot‐pedaled hand weaving machines made of steel, the homespun cloth businesses competed with modern cloth businesses. The homespun cloth checked the import of cotton textile particularly from Japan in the Tianjin market. In conclusion, modern trade in Tianjin restructured areas related to cotton industry and established a close relation between hinterland farm villages and Tianjin, and by doing so, it played an important role in the transition to the modern economic system.
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