가을철 영일만 해수중의 철분량과 그 분포

곽희상,Kwak, Hi-Sang 한국해양학회 1977 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

우리 나라 주변해역에서 해수중의 중금속류조사 실적을 살펴보면 원과 박(1970)이 완도 김밭에서 수질ㅇ르 조사할 때 soluble iron을 조사했고, 이 등(1969)이 인천, 여수, 군산, 한산도, 강릉 등지의 수질을 조사할 때 구리의 함량을 조사한 일이 있다. 그러나 본격적으로 중금속류를 조사한 것은 김과 원(1974)이 수영만의 해수와 해조류 에서 구리, 수은, 납, 카드뮴을 조사한 것이 최초이며, 그 후 곽과 이(1975)가 진산 마산해역에서 겨울철에 해수중의 전철분, 구리, 아연, 납, 수은, 카드뮴의 분포를 조사했고, 원등(1976)이 울산만의 해수중에서 수은, 카드뮴, 구리, 납, 아연의 농도분포를 조사한 것이 전부다. 영일만의 조사로는 최와 정(1966)의 $C^{14}$법에 의한 생산력 측정과 최(1967)의 식물성플랭크톤분류, 홍 등(1971)과 황 등(1972)의 일반해양학적조사, 한 등(1974 a,b,1975)의 수질조사 그리고 곽(1976)이 가을철에 일반해양학적 특징을 조사한 일이 있을 뿐이다. 이와 같이 철분에 대한 자세한 조사가 우리 주변해역에서는 없었으므로 가을철에 영일만내 해수중의 각종 철분량을 조사하여 그 분포양상을 보고한다.다.

가을철 영일만수괴의 일반해양학적 특성

곽희상,Kwak, Hi-Sang 한국해양학회 1976 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.11 No.2

Some factors of seawater such as water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and asturation of dissolved oxygen were determined in 5 meters intervals from surface to bottom at 11 stations in Yeongil Bay of Korea during late October 1973. Distribution pattern of water masses in Yeongil Bay during the period seemed to be heterogeneous as dividing into two parts of surface and bottom. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and saturation of dissolved oxygen of surface water mass showed higher values and salinity of the mass showed lower values than those factors of bottom water mass. Surface water mass might be originated from Tsushima current during summer season and bottom water mass from cold body of East Sea of Korea which seemed to extend to coastal zone during winter season. Land water discharge from Hyeongsan River into the Bay is considered as a minor factor playing slight role in the water mass composition of the area.

동계 진해 마산해역의 중금속

곽희상,이종화,Kwak, Hi-Sang,Lee, Jong Wha 한국해양학회 1975 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

A survey was conducted to determine the concentrations of six heavy metals, namely Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and Cd, in the sea water off Jinhae and Masan during January and February, 1974. The contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were the highest in Masan Bay, and decreased in order of Haengam Bay, Ungcheon area and Ungdong area. The Fe concentrations showed significant differences particulary in Masan Bay by depth. All of these characteristic would contribute to the assumption that the pollution might have originated from Masan. Pb contents varied in the range of 1.0-7.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l, but Haengam water contained the lowest concentrations of all areas surveyed. The contents of Hg and Cd showed 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l through survey regions respectively.

가을철 영일만해수중의 식물성플랭크톤 색소량과 그 분포

곽희상,이경노,Kwak, Hi-Sang,Lee, Kyung-Ro 한국해양학회 1977 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

무기물에서 유기물을 생산하는 곳으로서 뿐만 아니라 인류의 마지막 식량공급처로서의 해양에 대한 기초생산의 중요성이 날로 높아져 국제인도양조사때나 Kuroshio해역조사때 생산력이 측정되었고 북서태평양(Sorokin and Koblentz-Miskke; 1958, Ichimura and Saijo; 1959, Saijo and Ichimura; 1960, Aruga and Monsi; 1962, 천촌;1963), 인도네시아 주변해역(Doty et al;1963)등에서도 기초생산이 측정된 바 있다. 일본의 주요 9개만에서는 월별측정(송평 등;1964)이 되었다. 우리 나라 연안에서는 최와 정(1966)이 $C^{14}$를 이용하여 광합성량을 측청하였고 Kang(1967) 은 수영만에서 계절별로 산소소모에 의한 광합성량을 측정했다.다.

對于黃海海洋生物學的硏究

郭熙相(HI-SANG KWAK) 인하대학교 해양과학기술연구소 1990 黃海硏究 Vol.3 No.5

여름철 한국 연안해수중의 영양염 함량

이광우,곽희상,이수형,이동수,Lee, Kwang Woo,Kwak, Hi-Sang,Lee, Soo Hyung,Lee, Dong Soo 한국해양학회 1978 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

General water quality parameters were measured, as a base-line study, for possible water pollution problems in the coastal waters of some important harbors and near-sea industrial complexes all around coastal zones of Korea from June 1 to October 15, 1977. The areas surveyed were near Mugho-Samcheog, Ulsan, Jinhae-Masan, Yeosu-Gwangyang, Mogpo, Gunsan and Incheon. Among the surveyed coastal areas, the Ulsan and the Jinhae-Masan areas showed high levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, COD and nutrients. Particularly, the surface waters of the Ulsan inner bay represented COD 15.6mg/l and NO$\sub$2/-N 110$\mu\textrm{g}$/l. The surface layer of the Masan bay displayed pH 8.92 and NO$\sub$3/-N 372$\mu\textrm{g}$/l, while 309$\mu\textrm{g}$/l of PO$\sub$4/-P was recorded in the surface of the Haengam bay. In general it is shown that some coastal areas are presenting signs of pollution from man's activities.

여름철 한국 연안해수중의 중금속 함량

이광우,곽희상,이수형,이동수,Lee, Kwang Woo,Kwak, Hi-Sang,Lee, Soo Hyung,Lee, Dong Soo 한국해양학회 1979 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

In order to investigate water quality of coastal waters, samples were collected from the six coastal areas of Korean peninsula during summer of 1977, and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed no significant heavy metal pollution in most parts of the studied areas in comparison with results of other countries in literature. However, strong possibility of some specific heavy metal pollution is shown in the specific areas, such as Cu and Pb in the Sea off Cunsan, Pb in Kwangyang Bay and Cd and Pb in Ulsan Bay.

영랑호의 (永郞湖) 환경학적 (環境學的) 연구

이진환,곽희상 ( Jin Hwan Lee,Hi Sang Kwak ) 한국하천호수학회 1987 생태와 환경 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study are not only to scrutinize the water quality due to environmental change but also to clarify the phytoplankton community in the Youngrang Lake. Firstly, environmental study have carried out from the surface and the bottom layer at five stations of this lake during the periods from June to August 1986. Water temperature ranged uniformly from 20.5℃ to 22.5 ℃ in the surface and that of bottom were low of 2.9-4.8 ℃ . Salinity was varied from 0.78‰ to 1.94‰ and it was thought that Youngrang Lake was changed from brackish lake to freshwater lake. Secchi disc transparency changed from 0.5 m to 1.0 m. Dissolved oxygem concentrations showed 6.1-9. 1 mg/l in the surface, but those of bottom were little or anoxic conditions. The pH value showed a great fluctuations due to the river discharge and decreased gradually by months. Especially surface pH were almost lower than those of bottom except station 1. The former was thought of depending the increasing of phytoplankton photosynthesis, but the latter was thought to effect H₂S reduction. Chlorophyll-α concentrations varied from 26.82 mg/m³ to 90.69 mg/m³ in the surface and from 14.30 mg/m³ to 51.75 mg/m³ in the bottom. It could be pointed out hypereutrophication lake from the viewpoint of the standard value of eutrophication by Yoshida (1973). Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate concentrations have increased from year to year and also have kept water pollutions to be excessing of eutrophication.

The Summer Growth and the Ratios of the Breadth to the Length of the Carapace of the Crab, Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus De Hann

김훈수,곽희상,권도헌,Kim, Hoon-Soo,Kwak, Hi-Sang,Kwon, Do-Heon The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 1988 Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology Special Issue Vol.2 No.-

강화도 동남단 초지진 조간대 개펼에서 1983년 6, 7, 9, 11월 에 각각 무작위 채집한 칠게 (Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus De Haan 1835) 의 갑핍, 갑장, 체고를 각각 측정하여 이들의 빈도분포와 확률도를 비교분석하여 성장을 분석하고 이들 각 부위간의 상관성도 분석하였다. 철게의 성장은 가을철보다 여름철에 우세하였으며 6월에 여러 무리의 크기가 출현하였으나 가을에는 이들이 크기로는 한 무리로 나타났으며 여름의 성장도는 갑핍이 10%를 웃돌았다. 그리고 성장관계를 규명하기 위하여는 갑핍의 측정이 가장 유용하다. 그리고 칠게가 성장함에 따라 갑장에 대한 갑핍의 비율이 커지며, 갑핍을 독립변수로 할 때 갑장과의 상관관계식의 기울기는 개체가 성장함에 따라 작아진다. 여름에 칠게의 성장이 가을보다 빠른 것은 중역도지방생물의 계절적 주기에서 생리현상이 활성화되는 시기인데다가 동시에 수반되는 영양상태의 호조건이 부합된 때문이다. 가을이 되면 이 활성이 점차 감소되기도 하고 칠게 개체가 성장한계에 다다르기도 하여 성장이 둔화된다. 그리고 칠게가 성장함에 따라 갑장보다는 갑핍의 성장0이 빠른 것도 하나의 형태적 특정일 수 있겠다. The crab, Macrophthalmus (Mareotis ) japonicus , collected in 1983 from CHojijin tidal flat, southeastern part of Kangwha Island , Korea, was studied. Its caraace breadth, the carapace length , and body height were checked , and the measured raw data were analysed for the growth ratios by the mode subtraction method from the frequency distribution compared with the probability graphs. The growth rate of the crab rose more in summer than in fall and exceeded 10% during the same period on Chojijin tidal flat in Kangwha Island , Korea. Four size groups of the crab appeared in June, 1983 , but they were put together into only on emixed group by autumn. The rapid growth of the crab in summer in middle latitude comes from the seasonal bio-rhythm and the best conditions for food. But the physiological activities of the crab are reduced from autumn and the growth rate reaches the upper limits in many individuals on this tidal flat. The more the crabs grow, the more the breadth ratios to the carapac length become larger and the slopes of correlation curve get smaller. The measured values from the carapace breadth of the crab are more useful for morphological studies than those values from the carapace length or body height.

의암땜 하류수역의 철분량과 그 분포

최상,곽희상,Choe, Sang,Kwak, Hi-Sang 한국해양학회 1970 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

Concentrations of the total, dissolved and particulate iron in waters of Lake Eui-Am have been determined spectrophotometrically on August 14, 1970. O-phenanthroline was the reagent used. Iron contents of the lake water were varied by the station and depth. Analyses showed variations in the total iron ranging from 238 to 2,643 ${\mu}$g/l (mean value 1,028${\mu}$g/l); the dissolved iron varied from 34.5 to 137.7 ${\mu}$g/l (mean value 83.0${\mu}$g/l), and the particulate iron varied from 179 to 2,544 ${\mu}$g/l (mean value 943 ${\mu}$g/l). Three forms of iron tend to increase with depth. This is believed that the suspended matter plays an important role in regulating of iron contents in summer season.