ハラ~ホロ系反復形オノマトペの意味変化について(Ⅰ)

竹下知佳(Takeshita Chika),崔建植(Choi, KunSik) 중앙대학교 일본연구소 2017 日本 硏究 Vol.0 No.46

This diachronically deals with semantic changes of the repetitive onomatopée with the alternation of hara and horo in the Ancient through Middle Japanese. In the Ancient Japanese, the adjectival base hara was productively derivational as shown in the alternation of hara and horo. Since the late 8th century, morphologically and semantically diverse forms have been derived from hara, whose core meaning was assumed to be san (to scatter). During its derivational process, its auditory sense became a fossilized form in the Middle Japanese. hara originally depicted ‘a situation in which some things are scattered’, which was semantically extended to ‘a motion of something falling off or apart’ and further to ‘a motion of a lump breaking into pieces’, which was again extended to ‘an image of something not controlled’ in the Middle Japanese. And in the Middle Japanese, the alternation of voiceless and voiced consonants shows their respective distinctive characteristics in the auditory aspect, but not yet in the visional aspect. Unlike the derivational meanings of hara, the suffix –ri suggests a different image of ‘people behaving frivolously.’

サヤ~ソヨ及びサワ系派生オノマトペの意味変化

竹下知佳(Takeshita Chika),崔建植(Choi, KunSik) 중앙대학교 일본연구소 2018 日本 硏究 Vol.0 No.49

The present study investigated the change in meaning and the correlation between the derivatives derived from the base of adjectives, saya, soyo, and sawa found through contemporary Japanese literature from ancient times. Saya, the adjectival base which had an audiovisually “sei (brisk, cleanliness)” image in KOJIKI and NIHON-SYOKI, used to be the semantic equivalent of sawa.. Sawa, however, had a stronger auditory nuance than saya. As the verb sawaku was derived from it, the adjectival base started to be used mainly as a verb. Soyo is also a word that principally had the same auditory nuance as sawa in MANYO-SYU. For example, in the HEIAN period, soyo was frequently used as a rhetorical device KAKEKOTOBA in WAKA, and soyo-soyo was established as a word referring to the “sound of leaves occurring due to a breeze.” This usage is distinct from saya-saya, which refers to a very weak sound that occurs regardless of wind. During the EDO period, sawaku (again, derived from the adjectival base sawa) produced an onomatopoeia depicting the noisy sound zawa-zawa. Therefore, saya-saya, depicting weak sounds, and sawa-sawa, depicting strong and noisy sounds, eventually formed a pair relationship. On the other hand, the adjective took on the visual image of “cleanliness” rather than the onomatopoeia. More specifically, the adjective derived from the adjectival base saya came to mean “to be upright.” The “uprightness” here also means “there is no obstacle or opacity.” The meaning “completely without worries” derived from “uprightness” is present in adjectives derived from sawa, such as sawaraka and sawayaka. After the pre-modern period, however, the representative word referring to the “uprightness,” sayaka, went out of use, and sawayaka evolved to mean “uprightness.” In other words, sayaka and sawayaka became semantically closer.

ユラ〜ユル派生語の意味変化について-認知意味論的観点からの考察-

竹下知佳(Takeshita Chika),崔建植(Choi, Kun-Sik) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.62

This paper deals with semantic changes of the derivative words with the alternation of yura and yuru from the perspective of cognitive semantics. This paper suggests a new interpretation of the derivatives of an adjectival base of yura, in the Ancient Japanese, which has been interpreted as expressive of ‘the sound of shaking’ in prior studies, but thus meaning not only ‘shaking’ but also ‘relaxing sound’. This can be inferred from the fact that yuru, which shows vowel alternation of yura, means ‘relaxing’. However, the auditory meaning of yura, an adjectival base, disappears in the Early middle Japanese literature. Afterwards, yura not only evoked the visual image of ‘shaking’, but also included the meaning of ‘relaxation’ stemming from that in the Ancient Japanese literature. Especially during the Late middle era, yurari strongly conveyed the meaning of ‘relaxation’ but not ‘shaking’, but during the Early modern era, the image of ‘shaking’ has been restored, and while the meaning of ‘relaxation’ did not disappear, it has become less common. That is, yura has connotations of ‘relaxation’ beside its main meaning of ‘shaking’. Meanwhile, the objective base yuru has always conveyed ‘relaxation’ and its meaning has not changed much from this image. In the literature of the Late middle era to the Edo Era, it is possible to observe the onomatopoeia yuru-yuru, which expresses ‘shaking’. As this is also derived from the verb yuru (=shaking) derived from yura, it has no direct relationship with the yuru attested in Ancient Japanese literature. It is possible to observe yoro-yoro, a vowel gradation of yuru-yuru in medieval literature, whose principal meaning is ‘shaking’ from yura.

カラ~コロ及びクル系派生オノマトペの 意味変化に関する考察

竹下知佳(Takeshita Chika),崔建植(Choi, Kun-Sik) 동북아시아문화학회 2018 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2018 No.10

This diachronically deals with semantic changes of the onomatopee with the deribation of kara ,koro and kuru. In this paper, we present the meanings in modern languages and the meanings in classical literature (from the Ancient to the Middle Ages), and discussed the common points and the differences. In the Ancient Japanese, the adjectival base kara and koro has the core meaning of "sounds of hard objects touching". koro also has the meaning of "to rotate" like kuru. kara originally depicted ‘sounds of hard objects touching’, which was semantically extended to ‘a big laugh’ in the Middle Japanese. On the other hand, kuru, whose core meaning was ‘to rotate’, was semantically extended to ‘Speaking smoothly’ and further to ‘moving in a hurry’. koro also has the meaning of ‘to rotate’. However, it is a meaning derived from the adjectival base kuru. Both of them differentiated from the originally meaning of ‘to rotate’, kuru became the meaning of "spining", and koro took on a different meaning of "rolling".

上代日本語における母音の属性と意味分化との関係 -上代文献に現れるオノマトペを対象として-

竹下知佳(Chika, Takeshita),崔建植(Choi, Kun-Sik) 동북아시아문화학회 2019 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2019 No.10

A lot of research has been done on the relationship between external derivation and meaning in modern Japanese onomatopoeé. But it is easy to overlook the relationship between the inner derivation that to derive a new word by altering vowels in the Ancient Japanese and its semantics. However, onomatopoeé pairs in vowels alternation, which ate still used in mordan Japanese, have different meanings due to different viewpoints. This is different from the semantic differentiation by external derivation of modern Japanese. On the other hand, like the alternation of yura and yara which are the adjectival base, yara disappears and newly another type of apophony like yoro may occurs. So, we have to consider not only the vowel-alternating forms found in the Ancient literature, but also the correspondence relationships between the onomatopoeés that are in the newly generated vowel-alternating relation.

『NHK日本語発⾳アクセント新辞典』に現れる「数詞+助数詞」に関わる変化についての考察 - 新版本〜新辞典の変化の様相を中⼼に -

竹下知佳(Takeshita Chika),崔建植(Choi Kun Sik) 동북아시아문화학회 2022 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2022 No.7

This paper discusses the changes in particles over the 18 years of revision from 1998 dictionariy to 2016 dictionary. First, the differences between the two dictionaries are well representative of the historical background from the late 1990s to the early 2010s. We have examined changes in Chinese and Japanese numeral readings. The overall Japanese-numeral readings may be declining. However, there are some patterns, such as cases where the Chinese numeral reading is replaced by the Japanese numeral reading or remains as an acceptable word. Therefore, it cannot be said that sum-number readings are declining. This is confirmed by the fact that the preceding numerals 1 and 2 are both read as one and two in the list of particles that appear to have been converted from nouns such as cup, set, team, and pack in the 2016 dictionary. This seems to suggest that there is a semantic distinction between the reading of 1, 2 as ichi, ni and that of hito, futa.

認知意味論的観点から見るオノマトペの意味変化 - カラ~コロ及びクル系派生オノマトペの通時的考察 -

竹下知佳(Takeshita Chika),崔建植(Choi, Kun-Sik) 동북아시아문화학회 2019 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.60

This diachronically deals with semantic changes in onomatopoeic forms in kara, koro, and kuru, which are adjectival bases for onomatopee in Japanese, from the cognitive semantic perspective. Analysis was performed in three different categories-sound, motion, and shape. First, onomatopoeic forms derived from kara or koro in modern Japanese imply ‘to roll’, while an investigation of the Ancient Japanese reveals that they originally had the core meaning of ‘to hit’. It is thought that the meaning of ‘to roll’ assumed this core meaning starting in the literature of Middle Japanese. This is distinctively different from the case of the adjectival base kuru, which has had a core meaning of ‘to roll’ since the Ancient era. In addition, because the adjectival bases kara and koro connoted ‘to hit’, they often convey ‘the sounds of objects colliding together’. However, since kara and koro have different background images, they have developed represent different nuances when extended to the meaning of ‘the sound of people laughing’ since the Middle era. In other words, the adjectival base kara, which had typically exhibited a mainly auditory meaning with associated behavior, has come to imply a visual meaning due to a focus on the ‘act’ of making the sound. On the other hand, the adjectival bases koro and kuru, which originally conveyed visual meanings, have changed their meaning within a range not significantly deviating from a core image of ‘to roll’. Lastly, turning to morphology, the adjectival base koro serves as a suffix by focusing on the meaning of ‘round shape’, which changed to the meaning of ‘easily changed’ due to the image of a round shape implying ‘easily movable even when little force is applied’. In addition, the adjectival base kuru has been used to represent the shape of a vigorously spinning top in the sense of ‘smoothly’, while also accommodating the meaning of ‘frantically moving’ as well.