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문일식,( Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
Homogeneous mediators of free metal ions such as Ag(II), Ce(IV), and Co(III) are highly energetic for complete oxidation of environmental pollutants. At the same time, low valent free metal ions have the tendency for reduction of pollutants but their stability restricts to use further. Among many ways to stabilize the low valent metal ions, electrolyte concentration variation itself act as a stabilizer in many situations. Here, cyclic voltammetry studies planned to investigate the Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> redox behavior. From the redox behavior, one can say whether the low valency of metal ions stabilized. In first the stage, solubility of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> analyzed using different concentrations of KOH. The same concentrations of KOH planned to used CV analysis in different scan rates. From the CV peak potential and current variation results, one can derive whether the process follows diffusion controlled. To support the cyclic voltammetry results, SEM and XRD analyses of the electrodes adopted. Finally, there will be a discussion on stabilization of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> upon reduction.
Effective production of peroxydisulfuric acid using an undivided electrolytic cell
문일식,이보열,( S. Balaji ) 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Peroxydisulfuric acid is one of the oxidants which is produced on site and on demand by electrolysis in an undivided cell. In this report we provide the optimization of process parameters for the production of peroxydisulfuric acid in an undivided electrolytic cell taking BDD anode with various cathodes such as Ti, DSA, Pt, Zr etc. When current is passed the anodic oxidation produce a mixture of peroxymonosulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and peroxydisulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>). The effects of varying cathode electrode material, area of the cathode, applied current densities on the production rate was estimated. It is found that the nature of the cathode influences the percentage of formation of peroxydisulfuric acid to some extent. Also, the smaller cathode area made found to improve the yield of oxidants.
Galvanostatic electro-oxidation behavior of metallic ions in room temperature ionic liquids
문일식,( S. Balaji ) 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
The active mediator species are usually generated at acidic solutions for organic destruction studies. These mediator species are produced at anode and cathodic part just reduces the electrolyte used resulting in pollutant generation like nitrogen oxides. These disadvantages can be avoided if an ionic electrolyte like room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) is employed as they do not produce pollutant species at the cathode. RTIL possess many desirable properties such as moderate viscosity, high conductivity, and larger potential window. In the present report the results of electrolytic production of metal ion oxidants in ionic liquids are given. The concentration changes are estimated by spectral studies and the metal ion interaction was found by FTIR spectroscopy. The current efficiency of the process was calculated and compared for optimization.
문일식,( Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
Utilization of full electrochemical cell in the form of MEO (mediated electrochemical oxidation) and MER (mediated electrochemical reduction) process is a frontier technology to be developed. In order to operate the full electrochemical cell, electrode combination considered as a key role among many. In this regard, the present investigation focuses on reduction efficiency of Co(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> especially at different combinations of electrodes. At first step, current density, temperature, and anodic part (Pt electrode as anode in 5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) kept constant. The Co(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> reduction investigated using different cathodes like Ag, Cu, Zn and Carbon in 10 M KOH solution. The reduction of Co(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> confirmed via ORP electrode by its reduction potential variation. The oxidation/reduction efficiencies calculated using titration with FeSO4 and KMnO<sub>4</sub>. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry, and surface analysis, like SEM and XRD, of electrode paved to support the electrode combination on effective reduction of Co(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup>. Finally, there will be a discussion on the pair of electrodes combination on an effective reduction of Co(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> as a mediator.
문일식,( G. Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1
In the present work a tubular MFI-type zeolite coated membrane (TZM) was tested in a plug flow type tubular electrochemical cell for Co<sup>2+</sup> oxidation efficiency in high acid medium. Electrolysis of Co<sup>2+</sup> was carried out at room temperature (20±3°C) in 4 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at anodic half-cell, and showed 42% Co<sup>2+</sup> oxidation with 0.3 V higher cell voltage than the commonly used Nafion324 membrane in planar arrangement. Further, TZM membranes were robust when operated in the cell at different temperatures (10, 30 and 50°C) and current densities as no noticeable change in surface morphology was observable by SEM analysis. A long term test of the TZM at slightly elevated current density (70 mA ㎠) showed increased oxidation efficiency of Co<sup>2+</sup> to 58% compared to the traditional Nafion324 (43%).
Enhanced removal of NO by electro-scrubbing using a combination of consecutive MEO and MER process
문일식,( G. Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1
A combined MER (mediated electrochemical reduction) and MEO (mediated electrochemical oxidation) approach was examined for the first time for the efficient removal of NO by electro-scrubbing. The generation of a mediator (Ni(I) from Ni(II)(CN)<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> in 9 M KOH) by electrochemical reduction was identified by the changes in the ORP value and potentiometric titration. The MER of NO at the cathodic half-cell by electro-scrubbing revealed the formation of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>. The reductive removal efficiency of NO was 100% up to a gas flow rate of 2 L min<sup>-1</sup>. At the anodic half-cell, the Co(III) mediator from Co(II)SO<sub>4</sub> in 5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was generated electrochemically with concomitant conversion of NO to NO<sub>3</sub> in the solution phase with a removal efficiency of 28%. The combination of MEO and MER with electro-scrubbing demonstrates 100% removal efficiency of NO at a high gas flow rate of 4 L min<sup>-1</sup>. The combined removal approach is more suitable for high concentrated NO industrial sources.
文一植 순천대학교 공업기술연구소 1993 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.-
This study is concerned with the commercial honeycomb catalyst for the reduction of NO_x by selective catalytic reduction. Three kinds of Honeycomb catalyst, fresh catalyst, half-used catalyst, used catalyst were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray micro analogy(XMA). Also the catalytic activity of these catalysts was investigated together with the catalytic selectivity.
Factors Affecting Flux and Water Separation Performance in Air Gap Membrane Distillation
문일식,마니캄마테스와란,권태옥,김재우 한국공업화학회 2007 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.13 No.6
An air gap membrane distillation system having a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hydrophobic porous membrane was used for the removal of water from nitric acid/water mixtures. The influences of the feed temperature, feed concentration, flow rate, and air gap on the permeate flux and the selectivity of water were studied. The selectivity of water and flux were decreased with increasing feed concentration. With increasing feed flow rate and feed temperature, a decrement in the selectivity of water and an increment in flux were observed. The effect of the air gap thickness was also examined. Recirculation significantly changed the flux and nitric acid concentration in the permeate. This process share the best performance for the removal of water as vapor from nitric acid mixtures through a hydrophobic porous membrane.