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최용찬,J. Y. Hyeon,부상돈 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.1
We report the self-organized pore formation behaviors of porous anodic alumina (PAA) by investigating the correlation between morphological changes at the metal/oxide interface and the current-time I-t characteristics during anodization. PAA is fabricated by anodizing aluminum at voltages of 20-60 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid. In comparing the I-t curves of PAA anodized at various voltages, we found that all curves showed similar shapes, regardless of voltage, but that the values and times at the maximum and the minimum points of the curves were different depending on the voltages. In order to explain the correlation between the morphological changes and the I-t curves, we categorized the curves into four regions based on their common features: Regions I, II,III, and IV correspond to barrier layer formation, pore initiation, steady-state pore formation, and self-arrangement of pores, respectively. Then, we proposed an equation consisting of four formulas,one corresponding to each region. We found that the pore size increased and its density decreased during the anodization process of regions I-III, whereas they remained constant after the anodization of region III. The size, density, and arrangement of pores were also governed by the anodizing voltage. These changes could be explained using variations of coefficients in the formulas.
최용찬,J. Y. Hyeon,T. S. Bae,S. D. Bu 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.2
In the fabrication of ferroelectric nanostructures, the template-based approach using porous anodic alumina (PAA) has been popularly used because the ordering and the dimensions of the nanostructures can be easily controlled by using various kinds of PAA. We report here the effects of anodizing voltage on the pore morphologies of PAA and the corresponding current density variations. Various kinds of PAA were fabricated at different anodizing voltages in two acids, 0.3 M oxalic and 0.3 M sulfuric acids, by the anodization of aluminum. We found that highly ordered arrays of nanopores with a uniform pore diameter could be obtained at a moderate and stable current density for both acids. At a low current density, the size of the nanopores was uniform, but the pores showed a disordered arrangement. At a high and unstable current density, the sizes and the arrangements of the pores were not uniform. These results show that the anodizing voltage and the corresponding current density play an important role in the self-ordering process of nanopores in PAA.
최용찬,부상돈,Jongok Kim,윤용주 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.III
We report a synthesis and a structural characterization of crystalline metal-oxide PbO$_2$ (lead di-oxide) nanowires. Single crystalline PbO$_2$ nanowires with an average diameter of about 42 nm were successfully synthesized by a spin-coating process of putting a lead oxide sol-gel solution into a nano-porous anodic alumina membrane (nPAAM). The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of the nanowires showed clearly resolved inter-planar fringes that corresponded to the (011) lattice distance of $\alpha$-PbO$_2$ with an orthorhombic structure ($a$ = 4.938 \AA, $b$ = 5.939 \AA~and $c$ = 5.486 \AA). Their selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns also showed sharp diffraction spots of crystalline $\alpha$-PbO$_2$. SAED patterns, taken from different positions along the PbO$_2$ nanowire, were also found to be identical, indicating that the entire nanowire was single crystalline. It was found that the crystalline PbO$_2$ nanowires were very sensitive to electron-beam-irradiation. This irradiation resulted in a phase transformation from the $\alpha$-PbO$_2$ to the orthorhombic $\beta$-PbO ($a$ = 5.490 \AA, $b$ = 5.892 \AA~and $c$ = 4.752 \AA). These experimental results suggest that the electron-beam-irradiation technique can be used to manipulate the phase of metal-oxide nanostructures, even in the surface reconstruction of metal-oxide nanowires or nanotubes.
최용찬,부상돈,안병국,이해성,김종옥,박종배,한진규 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
We report alumina-membrane-based growth of functional PbO2 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 metal-oxide nanowires by combination of sol-gel processing and spin coating. Nanowires with a uniform diameter throughout the entire length and a relatively smooth surface are synthesized by the method. Fabricated PbO2 nanowires show a single crystalline structure with diameter of about 40 nm and length of tens of micrometers. PZT nanowires exhibit a high aspectratio (up to 400) with diameter of about 50 nm and length of about 20 μm. Our experimental results and calculations show that a vortex motion by spin coating plays an important role for the sols to enter the pores of the membrane in order to achieve nanowires. One main driving force for the drawing of sol nanoparticles into the membrane pores is a vortical force along the direction of the swirl, which is, roughly speaking, vertical to the membrane. .
백남준의 미디어아트와 글로컬 미학의 탄생 -〈존 케이지에 대한 찬사: 녹음기와 피아노를 위한 음악〉(1959) -
최용찬 한국독일사학회 2019 독일연구 Vol.- No.41
This article has the brief intention to research into his glocal aesthetics of Nam June Paik(1932-2006) in order to define its original characteristics rightly, focusing on his action music of the early times in Germany. Its intention can be easily realized through extracting out some aspects of his glocal aesthetics which should be reflected on musical performances in his Cologne times(1959-1963). According to the documents of the Paik Nam June Art Center in Korea, it was 1962, when Nam June Paik himself declared out that he should be just the Yellow Peril. While arousing a sensation of fear of the Asiatic invasion and rule for the Europeans, his daring declaration can be a clue to the interesting problem that his glocal aesthetics had more destructive and conversive peculiarities. In this meanings it can be easily comprehended that Nam June Paik was critically called as musical terrorist, cultural terrorist from Asia, destructive artist, extreme phenomenon. In this context this article is centering on his first representative musical performance, 'Hommage à John Cage: Music for Tape Recorder and Piano'(1959), because this early musical performance can be the only magic mirror to reflect the whole scales of his life and works from the Germany times over the American and Korean times as not only video artist but also medial artist. 이 글의 목적은 백남준의 초창기 행위음악에서 나타나는 글로컬 미학의 탄생 과정을 추적하여 백남준의 글로컬 미학의 태생적 특성을 분석하는 데 놓여 있다. 이 목적은 백남준의 독일시대, 곧 쾰른시대(1959∼1963)에 행해진 백남준의 대표적인 행위음악에 나타난 글로컬 미학적 특성을 추출하는 과정에서 곧잘 성취되리라고 생각한다. 백남준아트센터에서 제시한 자료에 따르면, 백남준 “황색재앙! 그것이 바로 나다”를 선언한 때가 정확히 1962년이다. 적어도 유럽인들에게 동양인에 의한 유럽의 지배에 대한 임박한 공포감을 불러일으킬 만한 그의 도발적인 선언문이야말로 백남준의 글로컬 미학의 파괴적이고 전복적인 성격을 밝힐 수 있는 핵심증거인 것이다. 이런 의미에서 백남준이 “음악적 테러리스트,” “동양에서 온 문화 테러리스트,” “아시아에서 온 문화 테러리스트,” “파괴 예술가,” “비상한 현상” 등으로 불렀던 이유를 정확하게 이해할 수 있다. 이런 맥락에서 본 논문에서는 백남준의 첫 번째 공연 작품 〈존 케이지에 대한 찬사: 녹음기와 피아노를 위한 음악〉(1959)을 위주로 백남준의 파괴적인 글로컬 미학의 탄생 과정을 살펴보기로 한다.