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Influence of Water on the Fracture Process of Marble with Acoustic Emission Monitoring
Jun Zhu,Jianhui Deng,Yiming Huang,Zhiliang He 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.7
Water has a great influence on rock fracture process, and it is necessary to explore the activity of cracks for saturated rocks at key stress points. By uniaxial compression test and acoustic emission (AE) tests, four key points of stress-strain curve for dry and saturated marble specimens are determined. Those four key stress points include: crack closure stress (point A), crack initiation stress (point B), crack damage stress (point C) and peak stress (point D). By analyzing dominant frequencies and amplitude of AE waveforms of the whole loading process and in the vicinity of key points, the fracture process of samples was studied. The results show that there are two concentrations of dominant frequency bands in both dry and saturated marble, and the ranges of dominant frequency bands of the saturated seem wider. Due to the existence of water, the number and energy of AE waveforms decrease relatively during the whole test. This phenomenon indicates that water enhances the ductility and creep characteristics of rock. The appearance of lots of AE waveform signals with low dominant frequency is the precursor information of intense crack propagation and failure for dry rock, and the effects of water increased the number of micro-tensile failures for saturated rock in the vicinity of each key point. From point A, point B, point C to point D, the proportions of H-type bands in the vicinity of each key point for dry rock show a trend of increasing - decreasing - sharply decreasing, while those for saturated rock follow the law of increasing - decreasing - increasing.
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( Yutang Ren ),( Xiaowei Tang ),( Fengping Chen ),( Zhiliang Deng ),( Jianuan Wu ),( Soma Nei ),( Bo Jiang ),( Wei Gong ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.1
Background/Aims The motility change after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in achalasia is currently focused on lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This study aims to investigate the correlation of motility response between distal and proximal esophagus after POEM. Methods A total of 32 achalasia patients who received POEM and high-resolution manometry (HRM) were included for analysis. Eckardt score was used to assess symptom improvement. HRM was applied for studying motility. Main parameters analyzed were (1) LES: resting pressure (restP), 4-second integrated relaxation pressure; (2) esophageal body (EB): contractile integral of distal segment with myotomy (CI-DM) and proximal segment without myotomy (CI-PNM); and (3) upper esophageal sphincter (UES): relaxation pressure (UES-RP). Results There were 6 type I, 17 type II, and 9 type III achalasia patients included for analysis. (1) Eckardt score, LES tone, CI-DM, CI-PNM and UES-RP were reduced remarkably after POEM (P < 0.001). (2) no significant correlation was noted between LES tone and contractile intergral of EB. (3) a positive linear correlation of CI-DM and CI-PNM changes was detected (P < 0.001). (4) the change of UES-RP was positively correlated with the change of contractile integral of EB (P < 0.001). Conclusions Myotomy of the distal esophagus would attenuate proximal EB contraction and assist UES relaxation in achalasia patients after POEM. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:78-85)
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