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Dual use of tantalum disulfides as hole and electron extraction layers in organic photovoltaic cells
Le, Quyet Van,Nguyen, Thang Phan,Choi, Kyoung Soon,Cho, Yoon-Ho,Hong, Young Joon,Kim, Soo Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.46
<P>UV/ozone treated (UVO-treated) TaS<SUB>2</SUB> and non-treated TaS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets are introduced into organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) as hole extraction layers (HEL) and electron extraction layers (EEL). TaS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets are obtained <I>via</I> ultrasonic vibration and size-controlled by centrifugation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images reveal that the thickness and lateral size of TaS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets are approximately 1 and 70 nm, indicating that uniform and ultrathin TaS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets are obtained. The work function of TaS<SUB>2</SUB> increases from 4.4 eV to 4.9–5.1 eV after applying UVO treatment by forming Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>. In addition, the power conversion efficiencies of normal OPV with UVO-treated TaS<SUB>2</SUB> and inverted OPV with TaS<SUB>2</SUB> are 3.06 and 2.73%, which are higher than those of OPV without TaS<SUB>2</SUB> (1.56% for normal OPV and 0.22% for inverted OPV). These results indicate that TaS<SUB>2</SUB> is a promising material for HEL and EEL layers in OPVs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Organic photovoltaic cells with a UVO-treated TaS<SUB>2</SUB> hole extraction layer. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp04412f'> </P>
Kang, Le,Ji, Chang Yoon,Kim, Sun Ha,Ke, Qingbo,Park, Sung-Chul,Kim, Ho Soo,Lee, Hyeong-Un,Lee, Joon Seol,Park, Woo Sung,Ahn, Mi-Jeong,Lee, Haeng-Soon,Deng, Xiping,Kwak, Sang-Soo Elsevier 2017 Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>β-carotene, a carotenoid that plays a key photo-protective role in plants is converted into zeaxanthin by β-carotene hydroxylase (CHY-β). Previous work showed that down-regulation of <I>IbCHY-β</I> by RNA interference (RNAi) results in higher levels of β-carotene and total carotenoids, as well as salt stress tolerance, in cultured transgenic sweetpotato cells. In this study, we introduced the RNAi-<I>IbCHY-β</I> construct into a white-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar (cv. Yulmi) by <I>Agrobacterium</I>-mediated transformation. Among the 13 resultant transgenic sweetpotato plants (referred to as RC plants), three lines were selected for further characterization on the basis of <I>IbCHY-β</I> transcript levels. The RC plants had orange flesh, total carotenoid and β-carotene contents in storage roots were 2-fold and 16-fold higher, respectively, than those of non-transgenic (NT) plants. Unlike storage roots, total carotenoid and β-carotene levels in the leaves of RC plants were slightly increased compared to NT plants. The leaves of RC plants also exhibited tolerance to methyl viologen (MV)-mediated oxidative stress, which was associated with higher 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. In addition, RC plants maintained higher levels of chlorophyll and higher photosystem II efficiency than NT plants after 250 mM NaCl stress. Yield of storage roots did not differ significantly between RC and NT plants. These observations suggest that RC plants might be useful as a nutritious and environmental stress-tolerant crop on marginal lands around the world.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Transgenic sweet potato plants were generated by RNAi silencing of the <I>IbCHY-β</I> gene. </LI> <LI> Transgenic sweet potato plants had increased β-carotene and total carotenoid content. </LI> <LI> Transgenic sweet potato plants exhibited strong antioxidant capacity and salt stress tolerance. </LI> </UL> </P>
Metabolic engineering of carotenoids in transgenic sweetpotato
Kang, Le,Park, Sung-Chul,Ji, Chang Yoon,Kim, Ho Soo,Lee, Haeng-Soon,Kwak, Sang-Soo 日本育種學會 2017 Breeding science Vol. No.
<P>Sweetpotato [<I>Ipomoea batatas</I> (L.) Lam], which contains high levels of antioxidants such as ascorbate and carotenoids in its storage root, is one of the healthiest foods, as well as one of the best starch crops for growth on marginal lands. In plants, carotenoid pigments are involved in light harvesting for photosynthesis and are also essential for photo-protection against excess light. As dietary antioxidants in humans, these compounds benefit health by alleviating aging-related diseases. The storage root of sweetpotato is a good source of both carotenoids and carbohydrates for human consumption. Therefore, metabolic engineering of sweetpotato to increase the content of useful carotenoids represents an important agricultural goal. This effort has been facilitated by cloning of most of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes, as well as the <I>Orange</I> gene involved in carotenoid accumulation. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the regulation of biosynthesis, accumulation and catabolism of carotenoids in sweetpotato. A deeper understanding of these topics should contribute to development of new sweetpotato cultivars with higher levels of nutritional carotenoids and abiotic stress tolerance.</P>
Noh, Seonmyeong,Le, Thanh-Hai,Park, Chul Soon,Kim, Saerona,Kim, Yukyung,Park, Jong-Jin,Yoon, Hyeonseok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.21
<P>Vertically random-layered three-dimensional ternary nanohybrids were synthesized by combining graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and polyaniline (PANI) <I>via</I> a simple physical exfoliation process. During this process, PANI penetrates the interlayers of bulk MoS2 without the requirement for any additional chemical treatment, effectively dispersing MoS2 layers in the liquid phase. In addition, graphene, with several functional groups on its surface, and PANI convert the semiconducting trigonal prismatic phase of MoS2 to a metallic octahedrally coordinated phase, thereby enhancing the electrical conductivity. Moreover, the obtained nanohybrid has an open porous structure that facilitates electrolyte-mediated ion and charge transfer, which increases the effective surface area for electrochemical reactions and charge storage. The effect of different graphene, MoS2, and PANI contents on the electrical/electrochemical properties of the nanohybrids was investigated, and the optimal composition for the use of the nanohybrid as an electrode material was determined. Notably, the nanohybrid with a nominal graphene/MoS2/PANI weight ratio of 1 : 1 : 80 exhibited excellent electrochemical properties, exemplified by the prominent redox reaction, low charge transfer resistance, and high specific capacitance. Flexible all-solid-state capacitor cells employing the nanohybrid achieved a maximum capacitance of 162 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>, good flexibility, and good long-term cycling stability in two different electrolytes, <I>i.e.</I>, acidic and neutral solution.</P>
Genomic characterization of a cell-culture-adapted Korean human G9P[8] rotavirus, CAU05-202.
Shin, Jong Wook,Le, Van Phan,Than, Van Thai,Lim, Inseok,Yoon, Yoosik,Kim, Kijeong,Chung, Sang-In,Myung, Soon Chul,Kim, Wonyong Springer-Verlag 2012 Archives of virology Vol.157 No.4
<P>The human rotavirus G9 strain is the fifth most common rotavirus worldwide. A human rotavirus G9P[8] strain CAU05-202 was isolated from a young child with diarrhea using a cell culture system, and its major gene sequences were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene revealed that CAU05-202 clustered into genetic lineage III-d and was most closely related to G9 rotaviruses from Turkey (strain GUH13) and Sri Lanka (strain 05SLC056 and 05SLC057). VP4 and NSP4 gene analysis showed that CAU05-202 belongs to the P[8]-3 lineage and genotype B, respectively. In addition, CAU05-202 has a long RNA electropherotype, supported by VP6 gene analysis, which is clearly associated with subgroup II specificity. Analysis of the G9 rotavirus strain CAU05-202 provides information concerning the genetic relationships among global rotavirus G9 strains, suggesting that closely related G9 strains are persistent and widespread in Asian countries.</P>
Bach, Quang-Vu,Le, Van Tam,Yoon, Yong Soo,Bui, Xuan Thanh,Chung, Woojin,Chang, Soon Woong,Ngo, Huu Hao,Guo, Wenshan,Nguyen, Dinh Duc Elsevier 2018 Journal of Cleaner Production Vol.178 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A new hybrid pilot plant configuration based on a modularized rolled pipe system (RPS) combined with a submerged flat sheet membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated to enhance the sewage treatment and membrane performance. The system was operated under actual conditions for more than four months, that is, at a constant flow rate of 30 m³/d and with two internal recycling ratios. The results indicate that the hybrid system produces an excellent effluent quality and considerably mitigated membrane fouling. The average concentrations of SS, COD, TN, NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-N, NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N, and PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3-</SUP>-P remained below 2.81, 8.29, 8.77, 0.15, 8.17, and 1.49 mg/L, respectively. It was estimated that the periodic chemical cleaning of the membrane could be extended to approximately six months. The MBR and RPS can virtually complete nitrification and denitrification, respectively. The highest average denitrification rate of the RPS is 116.95 mg NO<SUB>3</SUB>-N/(g MLVSS d), with a hydraulic retention time of 1.05 h. Therefore, the RPS–MBR hybrid system has potential to improve the sewage treatability. The emerging RPS technique can obtain high rates of denitrification coupled with a compact design, ease of installation, and small footprint.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new hybrid sewage treatment system was explored. </LI> <LI> Excellent denitrification is achieved with the novel rolled pipe system. </LI> <LI> High rates of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are obtained. </LI> <LI> The hybrid system performs well in removing organic and nitrogen compounds. </LI> <LI> The membrane fouling rate of the hybrid system is significantly low. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Duong, Than-Tung,Choi, Jin-Seok,Le, Anh-Tuan,Yoon, Soon-Gil The Electrochemical Society 2014 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.161 No.4
<P>A uniform and dense distribution of Pt nano-particles (Pt-NPs) was achieved via the thermal decomposition of a Pt precursor both with and without hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) by controlling the heating rate. The study of both HPC and the effect of heating rates on Pt-nanoparticles played an important role in the catalytic activity of Pt counter electrodes. The performance of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was enhanced at a heating rate of 7°C s<SUP>−1</SUP> using a Pt solution with the addition of 0.05 g/10 mL HPC, and the following parameters were confirmed: <I>J<SUB>sc</SUB></I> = 16.4 mAcm<SUP>−2</SUP>, <I>V<SUB>oc</SUB></I> = 0.77 V, <I>FF</I> = 71.0%, and efficiency (η) = 9.03%.</P>
Surface-modified polymer nanofiber membrane for high-efficiency microdust capturing
Kim, Han-Jung,Park, Seon Joo,Park, Chul Soon,Le, Thanh-Hai,Hun Lee, Sang,Ha, Tai Hwan,Kim, Hyoung-il,Kim, Jinyeong,Lee, Chang-Soo,Yoon, Hyeonseok,Kwon, Oh Seok Elsevier 2018 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.339 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Particulate matter (PM) pollution is serious human health issue. Various filter technologies have been developed to improve the air filtration efficiency. Recently, nanofibrous membrane filters have received much attention due to its outstanding transparency and high efficiency for PM ≤ 2.5 μm (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>) capture/removal compared to conventional micro-structured filters. Although these filters provide high-efficiency PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> capture, obtaining strong PM adhesion via surface engineering remains a challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a high efficiency PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> capture air-filter by electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (EPNFs). The surface of the EPNFs was modified by oxygen plasma treatment for generating functional groups such as CONH<SUB>2</SUB>, COOH and COOR. The EPNFs were utilized as air filter in hand-made PM removal system which is consisted of DC power supply, PM source, PM sensor and PM removal test chamber. The test result showed high air flow and effective air filtration (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> removal efficiency: 94.02%, pressure drop: 18 Pa, Time to reach the PM level recommended by the World Health Organization (T<SUB>WHO PM2.5</SUB>): 15 min, quality factor: 0.1564 Pa<SUP>−1</SUP>) compared to commercial filters. The intermolecular interaction between the plasma-treated EPNFs (PEPNFs) and PMs was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The PEPNF filter showed high long-term reproducibility in a cycle test with a high PM concentration (over 2,000 μg m<SUP>−3</SUP>). The filter was applied as a car interior air purifier using a cigar jack as a power supply, <I>ca.</I> 16 min was required to reach the PM level recommended by the World Health Organization (<25 μg m<SUP>−3</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Surface-modified nanofibers were effective for particulate matter (PM) filtration. </LI> <LI> Intermolecular interaction was studied using density functional theory calculation. </LI> <LI> A car interior air purifier was demonstrated using the nanofiber membrane. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>