Studies on the Extent of Understanding of Sports for Public Good of College Sports Majors

( Xiao Min Huo ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: Sports for public good refers to public service means through physical activity to help people in need of help "resolve the psychological pressure, psychological rehabilitation and health development". In China, it is the field has just begun and has much room for development. Furthermore, understanding of the sports for public good has become a key factor of involved in the activities because college sports majors are the main implementers. So, we conducted a study on these issues, aimed at understanding knowledge of the sports philanthropy of the Chinese sports major students. Methods: This article employs many kinds of method such as literature research, the expert interview, the questionnaire survey, the mathematical statistic and the logical analytic method. Results: 3.1 By statistics, it is found that college PE majors` overall understanding of sports for public good situation is not optimistic, and more than 59.9% of the students have never heard of the concept of sports for public good. The other 40.1% of the students have heard of sports for public good, but do not know the specific meaning; and the proportion of students involved in sports for public good is even lower, with less than 7.8%. 3.2 On geographical distribution, the degree of understanding of the sports for public good of the college sports majors in China`s eastern cities is relatively higher than the less developed western regions, reaching 47.3%, while it is only 25.4% in the western regions; In terms of city size, the degree of understanding of sports for public good from sports majors in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou is better than that of the second and third tier cities. The reason is, first, because the economy is relatively developed in eastern regions and there are plenty of economic strength and relatively sophisticated mechanisms to organize college students to carry out sports for public good. Second, because the second and third tier cities are relatively closed, with insufficient flow of information and access, coupled with most of NGO institutional organizations are located in China`s first tier cities and larger second-tier cities, thus, the above-described distribution is formed. 3.3 Studies have shown that higher grades (third and fourth grade) students` view of life and values is more mature, with relatively small academic pressure, and the extent of their understanding of the "public good" is more comprehensive and objective than that of the lower-grade students. Enhanced social responsibility will encourage them to join the public good cause, hence, the degree of participation and understanding of sports for public good among students in higher grades is higher than students in lower grades. Conclusion: Firstly, China`s sports for public good is on fledgling stage with larger space for development, and college sports majors overall understanding of sports for public welfare needs to be improved. Secondly, as urban distribution and economic development is not balanced, sports majors` sports for public good awareness level in eastern cities is higher than that of the western cities, and that of first tier cities is higher than that of second and third-tier cities. Thirdly, due to the academic burden and other factors, the proportion of student participation in sports for public good is proportional with increase in grade. Proposal: NGO and other relevant organizations should make appropriate publicity or use the Internet and other media for student exchanges between eastern cities and western cities or between large cities and medium-sized cities to strengthen college sports majors understanding of the sports for public good to attract them to join sports for public good cause.

Steam reforming of α-methylnaphthalene as a model compound of biomass tar over Ni-based catalyst for hydrogen-rich gas

Xiao Lv,Jun Xiao,Tingting Sun,Xiaodong Huo,Min Song,Laihong Shen 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.2

Tar is a barrier to limit the development of biomass gasification. Catalytic steam reforming experiments using α-methylnaphthalene (MNP) as a model tar compound were carried out in the two-stage reactor system (TSR). Based on response surface methodology, the effects of TSR temperatures and the molar ratio of steam to carbon (S/C) on MNP reforming performances were analyzed using the Li-modified Ni-based catalyst (NBC). The results show that the proper introduction of H2 is able to improve significantly the MNP conversion, specially at lower temperatures. Furthermore, it is more appropriate for the modified catalysts by Li and Mg to be loaded in the first reactor due to their significant promotion to hydrocracking reactions, and it is favorable to place the Ni/Al catalyst in the second reactor for H2-rich gas. Additionally, the carbon deposition resistance of the NBC modified by Li exhibits better than that of the NBC modified by Mg.

Root-Zone Fertilization- A Case Study to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice (Oryza Satival.)

Xiao-Wei Liu,Zhao-Ming Chen,Huo-Yan Wang,Jian-Min Zhou 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Microbial Ecology and Diversity : Impact of Diet in Shaping Gut Microbiota Revealed by a Comparative Study in Infants During the First Six Months of Life

( Wen Guang Fan ),( Gui Cheng Huo ),( Xiao Min Li ),( Li Jie Yang ),( Cui Cui Duan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.2

The development of the gut is controlled and modulated by different interacting mechanisms, such as genetic endowment, intrinsic biological regulatory functions, environment influences and last but no least, the diet influence. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of breast-fed (BF), formula-fed (FF), and mixed-fed (MF) infants from Hebei Province, China. By using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, we found some differences in gut microbiota in the three groups. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria at the phylum level in the three groups, where FF infants showed a significant depletion in Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant bacteria at the family level in the three groups, but FF infants showed higher Enterobacteriaceae enrichment than BF and MF infants (p < 0.05); the abundance of the Bifidobacteriaceae was only 8.16% in the feces of BF infants, but higher than in MF and FF infants (p < 0.05). The number of genera detected (abundance >0.01%) in BF, MF, and FF infants was only 15, 16, and 13, respectively. This study could provide more accurate and scientific data for the future study of infant intestinal flora.

Increased Serotonin Signaling Contributes to the Warburg Effect in Pancreatic Tumor Cells Under Metabolic Stress and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice

Jiang, Shu-Heng,Li, Jun,Dong, Fang-Yuan,Yang, Jian-Yu,Liu, De-Jun,Yang, Xiao-Mei,Wang, Ya-Hui,Yang, Min-Wei,Fu, Xue-Liang,Zhang, Xiao-Xin,Li, Qing,Pang, Xiu-Feng,Huo, Yan-Miao,Li, Jiao,Zhang, Jun-Feng Elsevier 2017 Gastroenterology Vol.153 No.1

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>Desmoplasia and poor vascularity cause severe metabolic stress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator with neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine functions that contributes to tumorigenesis. We investigated the role of 5-HT signaling in the growth of pancreatic tumors.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We measured the levels of proteins that regulate 5-HT synthesis, packaging, and degradation in pancreata from Kras<SUP>G12D/+</SUP>/Trp53<SUP>R172H/+</SUP>/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, which develop pancreatic tumors, as well as in PDAC cell lines and a tissue microarray containing 81 human PDAC samples. We also analyzed expression levels of proteins involved in 5-HT synthesis and degradation by immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing 311 PDAC specimens, and associated expression levels with patient survival times. 5-HT level in 14 matched PDAC tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed by ELISA. PDAC cell lines were incubated with 5-HT and cell survival and apoptosis were measured. We analyzed expression of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B in PDAC cells and effects of receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as HTR2B knockdown with small hairpin RNAs. We determined the effects of 5-HT stimulation on gene expression profiles of BxPC-3 cells. Regulation of glycolysis by 5-HT signaling via HTR2B was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as by determination of the extracellular acid ratio, glucose consumption, and lactate production. Primary PDACs, with or without exposure to SB204741 (a selective antagonist of HTR2B), were grown as xenograft tumors in mice, and SB204741 was administered to tumor-bearing KPC mice; tumor growth and metabolism were measured by imaging analyses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of PDAC specimens, increased levels of TPH1 and decreased level of MAOA, which regulate 5-HT synthesis and degradation, correlated with stage and size of PDACs and shorter patient survival time. We found levels of 5-HT to be increased in human PDAC tissues compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues, and PDAC cell lines compared with non-transformed pancreatic cells. Incubation of PDAC cell lines with 5-HT increased proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Agonists of HTR2B, but not other 5-HT receptors, promoted proliferation and prevented apoptosis of PDAC cells. Knockdown of HTR2B in PDAC cells, or incubation of cells with HTR2B inhibitors, reduced their growth as xenograft tumors in mice. We observed a correlation between 5-HT and glycolytic flux in PDAC cells; levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, the phosphate pentose pathway, and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway increased significantly in PDAC cells following 5-HT stimulation. 5-HT stimulation led to formation of the HTR2B–LYN–p85 complex, which increased PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling and the Warburg effect by increasing protein levels of MYC and HIF1A. Administration of SB204741 to KPC mice slowed growth and metabolism of established pancreatic tumors and prolonged survival of the mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Human PDACs have increased levels of 5-HT, and PDAC cells increase expression of its receptor, HTR2B. These increases allow for tumor glycolysis under metabolic stress and promote growth of pancreatic tumors and PDAC xenograft tumors in mice.</P>