『The Korean Repository』에 소개된 LOVE SONG 연구

송민규 ( Min Gue Song ) 현대문학이론학회 2013 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.52

본고는 한국 최초의 영문 월간잡지 『The Korean Repository』에 게일(James Scarth Gale, 奇一, 1863-1936)이 소개한 문학작품 중, LOVE SONG이라고 인식한 번역시를 연구대상으로 하고 있다. 19세기 말에 이르러 한국 문학에 관련된 서양인들의 기록 또는 번역작품이 등 장하기 시작했다. 그 중에는 한국문학의 전반적인 인상이나 평을 기록한 오페르트(Ernest J. Oppert)나 그리피스(William E. Griffis)가 있었고, 한국 소설을 번역한 알렌(Horace Newton Allen)이나 아노로스(Arnous H. G)가 있었다. 한국시가에 대한 기록은 1895년에 이르러 처음 등장하는데, 바로 『The Korean Repository』에 실린 헐버트와 게일의 성과들이 그것이다. 이 중 게일은 『The Korean Repository 』에 여러 편의 한국시가를 번역하고 논의한 인물로서, 양적인 측면에서 단연 돋보인다. 『The Korean Repository』에 실린 게일의 번역시가는 ODE, LOVE SONG, SONG등으로 불린다. 이와 같은 명칭이 영시(英詩) 고유의 분류법임은 말할 것도 없다. 특히 LOVE SONG으로서의 한국시가는 가장 많은 편수가 번역되었음은 물론, 그 LOVE SONG으로서 처음 소개된 1895년 4월의 기사 ``KOREAN LOVESONG``에는 ``specimens of Korean versification(한국 시형식의 형태)``라고 소개되어 특히 주목된다. 본고는 이외에도 1896년 1월 소개된 ``LOVE SONGS``라고 소개된 작품까지 합하여 총 7편의 LOVE SONG을 연구 대상으로 삼았다. LOVE SONG으로서 한국시가들의 원문은 모두 『남훈태평가』에 실린 애정류시가이다. 이와 같은 특징은 다양한 주제의 ODE나 SONG과는 차별된다. 『The Korean Repository』는 1892년 1월에서 1898년 12월까지(1893년과 1894년의 2년의공백기를 제외하고) 6년에 걸쳐 발간되었는데, 이 시기는 한국의 애정류 시가가성행하던 시대이기도 하다. 더구나 게일이 번역의 대상으로 삼았던 『남훈태평가』에서 애정류 시가가 차지하는 비율은 가장 높다. 따라서 게일은 19세기말 한국사회에서 애정류 시가가 가장 유행했음을 인식하고 이 LOVE SONG을 번역하는데 관심을 쏟았으리라고 추측된다. 한편 LOVE SONG에 드러난 사랑의 표현방식은 『남훈태평가』의 원작과는 다른 모습을 보여주었다. LOVE SONG의 사랑표현은 매우 열정적이며, 구애의 방식에 있어서도 적극적인 모습을 보여주는 반면, 원작의 사랑표현은 간접적이며, 구애의 방식에 있어서도 적극적이지 못했다. 더구나 LOVE SONG은 시어 ``love``를 적극적으로 쓰는데 반하여, 원작에는 시어 ``?랑``이 한번도 등장하지 않는다. 게일은 번역의 과정에서 19세기 말 애정류 시가에 표현된 한국의 정서를 열정적이고 적극적인 사랑으로 변모시켰다. 훗날 게일은 『구운몽』, 『춘향전』 등의 번역에까지 이르게 되는데, 이와 같은 번역소설에 드러난 게일의 사랑관은 그 이전에 번역한 LOVE SONG으로서 시가에 드러난 사랑관과 연결시킬 수 있다. This article studied translated poems perceived as ``Love Songs``out of literary works published on "The Korean Repository", the first English monthly magazine in Korea, by James Scarth Gale (奇一, 1863~1936). In the end of the 19th century, records of Korean literature or translated literature works by westerners came to appear. Among them, there were Ernest J. Oppert and William E. Griffis who recorded overall impression and Horace Newton Allen and Arnous H. G who translated Korean literary works. Records on Korean lyrics first appeared in 1895, which was achievements of Herbert and Gale published on "The Korean Repository". Among them, Gale translated many Korean lyrics and discussed them on "The Korean Repository", and made remarkable achievements in terms of quantity. Korean lyrics on "The Korean Repository" translated by Gale are called as ODE, LOVE SONG or SONG. These names followed English poetry classification. In particular, the biggest number of Korean poems were translated under the name of ``LOVE SONG`` and the first article introducing Korean poetry under the title of ``KOREAN LOVE SONG`` in April 1895, they were introduced as ``specimens of Korean versification``. This article studied total 7 LOVE SONGS including the works introduced as ``LOVE SONGS``in January in 1896. The original texts of Korean poems published as LOVE SONGS were all love songs on "Namhuntaepyungga". Such characteristics made Korean love songs differentiated from ODE or SONG with various kinds of themes and subjects. "The Korean Repository" had been published for 6 years from January, 1892 to December, 1898 (excluding two years``break of 1893 and 1894), when love songs were popular in Korea. Additionally, "Namhuntaepyungga" which Gale translated contained high percentage of love songs. Actually, the highest portion of the works was love songs. It can be guessed that Gale perceived that love songs were popular in Korea at the end of the 19th century and tried to translate these love songs. On the other hand, the expressions of love on LOVE SONG were different from those on the original poems in "Namhuntaepyungga". Love expressions on LOVE SONG were very passionate and the courting method was very active, while those on the original works were indirect and less active in courting. Besides, in LOVE SONG ``love`` has been used actively but in original poems did not use ``?랑``at all. Gale transformed Korean`s emotion expressed in love songs in the 19thcentury to active and passionate love during the course of the translation. Later, Gale translated "Guwunmong" and "Chunhyangjeon", and sense of love shown in his translated novel could be connected to the sense of love shown in LOVE SONG that he had translated before.

1920년대 동요 형성과 정착을 둘러싼 경계와 배제-동요가 배척한 유행가-

송현민 ( Song Hyun-min ) 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2019 한국학연구 Vol.0 No.55

본 연구는 2000년 이후 진행된 1920년대 동요 관련 연구성과를 수용하여 당시 유행가에 대한 배제와 금기의 담론을 살펴, 동요와 유행가 ‘사이’의 동요담론을 중점적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 1923년, 본격적인 아동잡지 『어린이』 창간 이후 활성화되는 동요 창작 및 보급의 환경 속에서 동요는 특유의 동심성과 순수성에 대한 옹호를 통해 성장해나갔다. 그 과정에서 유행가에 대한 경계와 배제 담론은 동요의 장(場)을 공고히 하는 역할을 하였다. 이러한 과정 속에서 1924년 『신여성』에 게재된 「유행가 시비」는 근대조선의 유행가요가 언제나 대중으로부터 환영받은 음악이 아니었음을 대변해주는 사료이자, 「유행가 시비」의 일부를 이루는 정순철의 「동요를 권고함니다」는 동요를 유행가 시비의 대안으로 내놓는 모습까지 보여준다. 이러한 시비 속에는 ‘동요=순수=자연’와 ‘유행가=타락(퇴폐) =도시’라는 이분법이 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 1920년대의 동요 생산자들과 아동문학가들이 주창한 동요론을 정리하고, 이를 바탕으로 동요의 장에서 진행되었던 유행가 경계와 배제의 양상과 논리를 살펴본다. 1920년대 중반에 근대조선에 유입되어 유행가의 보급과 파급을 증가시킨 유성기와 음반의 홍수 속에서 동요의 순수성과 논리를 지키고자 한 이들의 의견도 살펴본다. 이러한 연구를 통해 1920년대 동요 연구에서 볼 수 없었던 동요와 유행가 사이의 연결다리도 놓고자 한다. This study examines the discourses and exclusions of popular songs at the time, and the discourses of children's songs between children’s songs and popular songs. In 1923, children’s songs grew in the environment of creation and dissemination of children’s songs that became active after the launch of the children’s magazine “Children”. In the process, the boundary and exclusion discourse on the trendist song played a role in consolidating children's songs. In this debate, there are two dichotomy : ‘children's song = pure = nature’ and ‘popular song = fallen (decay) = city’. This study summarizes children's song theory insisted by children’s song producers and children’s literary writers in the 1920s. Through these studies, I would like to establish a bridge between children’s songs and popular songs that were not found in children’s songs research in the 1920s.

대장내시경검사의 전처치로서 항콜린제 사용에 관한 연구 : 전향적, 이중맹검법으로

박경남,한동수,이민호,최호순,박준용,손주현,이오영,함준수,전용철,송승찬,기춘석,윤병철,이종희 대한소화기내시경학회 1997 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.17 No.3

Background: Use of antispasmodic medication prior to colonoscopy is controversial but someone believes antispasmodic may improve visualization of colonic mucosa and ease colonoscope insertion. So, we designed a study to assess the effect of premedication with the antispasmodic, hyoscine-N-butyl bromide(Buscopan') on the performance of colonoscopy. Methods: This study was prospective, double blinded, randomized, controlled study, One hundred three consecutive patients were randomized to receive intravenous buscopan lml(n=52) or placebo(n=51) combined with our standard initial medication(me- peridine 50 mg and midazolam 2 mg). Insertion of colonoscopy was timed, and 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS) were used for asscssing difficulty of procedure, colonic motility, frequency of positional change, frequency of external compression, difficulty of assistance and degree of discomfort experienced by the patients. Results: There were no significant differences of intubation time between buscopan group(mean time, 7.23 min., range 2~15) and placebo group(7.07 min., range 3-25), (p=0.83) and withdrawal time between buscopan group (6.46 min., range 2-22) and placebo group(6.76 min., range 2 25), (p=0.69). Also, there was no significant differences in intubation time between males and females(buscopan; males 7.00 min., females 7.60 min., p=0.34, placebo; males 7.0~5 min., females 7.08 min., p 0.44). The VAS scores checked by endoscopist(p=0.29), assistant(p=0.32) and patient (p=0.15) were not significantly different in both groups. There were no significant differences in intubation time, VAS scores nf endoscopist, assistant, and patients. Conclusion: Premedication with intravenous bu.opan has no advantage on colonoscopy procedure. Use of antispasmodic medication prior to colonoscopy was not considered as recommendable agent.

고온가열처리에 의한 바다방석고둥 ( Omphalius pfeifferi capenteri ) 의 식품성분 변화

하진환(Jin Hwan Ha),송대진(Dae Jin Song),김풍호(Poong Ho Kim),허민수(Min Soo Heu),조문래(Moon Lae Cho),심효도(Hyo Do Sim),김혜숙(Hey Suk Kim),김진수(Jin Soo Kim) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.2

바다방석고둥을 원료로 한 신제품 개발에 관한 일련의 기초 연구로 저장성 부여를 위하여 시도하는 고온가열처리 조건 (F_0 5분, F_0 10분, F_0 15분 및 F_0 20분)에 따른 바다방석고둥의 성분변화에 대하여 살펴보았다. 바다방석고둥 통조림은 살균을 5분 이상 처리하는 경우 저장 중 팽창관이 발생하지 않았고, 또한 생균수가 검출되지 않아 저장성이 있었다. 고온가열처리 정도가 증가할수록 바다방석고둥의 일반성분 중 수분함량은 감소하였고, 조단백질 함량은 증가하였으며, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 거의 변화가 없었다. 또한 바다방석 통조림은 고온가열처리 정도가 증가할수록 이취에 관여하는 휘발성염기질소 함량, pH와 색조에 관여하는 갈변도는 증가하였고, 영양에 관여하는 구성아미노산, 무기질과 맛에 관여하는 유리아미노산, TMAO, total creatinine 및 수율 둥은 감소하였다. 이들을 색조, 조직감 및 맛에 대하여 관능검사한 결과 자숙 처리한 시료에 비하여 모든 항목에서 F_0 10분까지는 차이가 없었으나, 그 이상 가열처리한 경우 품질이 저하하였다고 인지되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 바다방석고둥을 고온가열처리하여 신제품을 개발하고자 하는 경우 F_0 값이 10분 이상이면 바람직하지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. The top shell, Omphalius pfeifferi capenteri meat vacuum-packed in can (diameter× height, 74.1 ㎜ × 50.7 ㎜) were heated at 115℃ up to F_0 values of 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min, and the changes in food components were studied. After 14 days storage at 37℃ and 55℃, no growth of microorganism and panelling were recognized from the canned meats which were sterlized at 115℃ with F_0 value of 5 min and over. In the case of proximate composition of the canned meats, the moisture content decreased with the increase of F_0 value, while crude protein increased. The increase of volatile basic nitrogen content, pH and degree of browning and the decrease of mineral, total amino acid, free amino add, trimethylamine oxide, total creatinine contents and yields were observed during thermal processing. In sensory evaluation on color, texture and taste in the canned meats, no significant difference was observed among a boiled sample and the canned meats heated at F_0 value of 10 min and below. But, in the canned meats heated at F_0 value of over 15 min, its sensory scores decreased with the increase of F_0 value. From these results, the reasonable F_0 value for preparation of the heat-treated top shell meats was in the range of 5∼10 min.

총경동맥 폐쇄시간에 따르는 국소 뇌혈류 변화 : 실험적 연구 An Experimental Cat Model

강준기,성태경,조병일,백민우,김문찬,허춘웅,하영수,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1983 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.12 No.3

The microvasculature of the brain is also quite susceptible to ischemic insult, and substantial portions of the brain are not reperfused after restoration of the blood supply following overtime of critical ischemic periods. The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effects of ischemia on subsequential regional cerebral blood flow measurements and cortical electric activities following reperfusion after ischemia and also to define the proper time of vascular occlusion without irreversible neural damage. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cat by bilateral common carotid occlusions for periods of 10, 30, to 60 minutes, and the blood supply was reperfused for 3 hours after clamp-off. Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was measured by hydrogen clearance technique following ischemia, restoration of blood supply and electroencephalogram recovery could be predicted according to the rCBF. Forty adult cats weighing 2.7 to 4.0㎏ were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 cats each : normal control, 10 min-clamped, 30 min-clamped, and 60 min-clamped groups. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The mean rCBF was 24.6±7.0㎖/100g/min in control group. 2) Bilateral carotid occlusions resulted in a reduction of the rCBF(12.4±4.1㎖/100g/min) to 50% of control flow on both hemispheres. 3) Sequential changes of the rCBF after reperfusion : (1) There was restored the rCBF(21.3±5.1㎖/100g/min) to control flow in the 10 minutes-clamped group. (2) There was a 85% recovery of control flow in the 30 minutes-clamped group. (3) There was a only 25% recovery of control flow in the 60 minutes-clamped group. 4) A close correlation was found between cortical electrical activity and rCBF suggesting a threshold relationship. (1) The changes of cortical electric activity began to notice at rCBF less than 17.4±4.7㎖/100g/min. (2) The recovery of cortical electric activity noted at rCBF more than 10.2±2.3㎖/100g/min. 5) There was no evidence of ischemic involvement at the cortex, white matter and basal ganglia in the 10 minutes clamped group, but demonstrated a dense wedge shaped infarct at the cortex and uncus herniation in the 60 minutes clamped group. The rCBF and cortical electric activity restored to normal values in reperfusion within 10 minutes after occlusion of both common carotid arteries.

개의 전침마취가 Vital sign 및 혈액가스치 변화에 미치는 영향

임연수,송근호,유명조,서지민,김명철,김덕환,Lim, Yeon-Soo,Song, Kun-Ho,You, Myung-Jo,Seo, Jee-Min,Kim, Myung-Chul,Kim, Duck-Hwan 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

The present study was performed to elucidate the effect of canine electroacupuncture anesthesia on vital signs and blood gas values. Groups were divided into experimental (electroacupuncture: EA) and control (ketamine) groups. The vital signs (body temperature, respiration rate and pulse) and blood gas values (pH, $pCO_2$ and $pO_2$) of venous and arterial blood were determined. Body temperatures of EA group were significant higher than than of ketamine group at 15 min., 30 min., 45min. and 60 min. (p<0.05) after anesthesia, respectively. The respiration rates of EA group were higher than those of ketamine group, however, significant differences were not observed between both groups. The pulses of EA group were significant higher than those of ketamine group at 5 min. (p<0.05), 10 min. (p<0.01), 15 min. and 30 min. (p<0.05) after anesthesia, respectively. The arterial and venous blood pHs of ketamine group were slightly higher than those of EA group, respectively, however, no significant differences were found between both groups. Significant differences were not observed between both groups in the arterial and venous blood $pCO_2$, respectively. The arterial blood $pO_2$ of EA group was significant higher than those of ketamine group at 5 min. (p<0.05) after anesthesia. No significant differences were observed between both groups in the venous blood $pO_2$. These results suggest that the changes of vital signs and blood gas values of EA group are similar to those of ketamine group with the exception of changes in the body temperature, pulse and arterial blood $pO_2$.

건강한 청년의 단시간 공해노출과 일회성 운동이 폐기능과 생리반응에 미치는 영향

김민주(Min-Joo Kim),이대택(Dae-Taek Lee),송국섭(Gook-Sup Song),방승기(Seung-Ki Pang) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study examined whether an acute exercise during a short-term exposure to a polluted environment affected pulmonary function and physiological responses in healthy young adults. Thirteen men (mean = 22.4 yrs) were randomly exposed to a polluted air (PA) or to clean air (CA) in a chamber. During the exposure, they rested for 30 min followed by a bench stepping exercise (40 cm height, 120 bpm) for 10 min. And they recovered from the exercise for 15 min in the chamber. The pulmonary function, heart rate, blood lactate, and blood pressure were measured during the exposure. At the end of 30 min resting, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was higher in PA than CA. Immediately after the exercise, forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1) was higher in PA than CA. At 15th min of recovery, forced vital capacity, FEV1, and PEFR were significantly higher in PA than CA. No differences in cardiovascular and blood lactate responses were noticed. The results suggest that an acute intensive physical work out with breathing of volatile organic compounds induced changes of pulmonary function but not physiological adjustments.

LDPC 부호의 복호를 위한 양자화 성능과 반복 횟수 통계

서영동(Young-Dong Seo),공민한(Min-Han Kong),송문규(Moon-Kyou Song) 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.45 No.-

LDPC 복호기의 성능과 하드웨어 복잡도는 양자화 과정의 설계 변수인 클리핑 임계치(clipping threshold) cth와 양자화 비트 수 q, 그리고 복호과정의 최대 반복 횟수에 의존한다. 본 논문에서는 이상적인 Min-Sum 알고리즘과 양자화된 Min-Sum 알고리즘을 비교하기 위해서 시뮬레이션을 통해 클리핑 임계치 cth와 양자화 비트 수 q에 따른 LDPC 부호의 비트 오율 성능을 평가하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 클리핑 임계치 cth = 2.5, 양자화 비트 수 q = 6일 경우에 이상적인 Min-Sum 알고리즘에 가장 근접한 비트 오율이 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 반복 횟수의 통계적 분석을 통한 반복 횟수의 확률 밀도 함수를 이용하여 q와 반복 횟수에 따른 복호 복잡도를 계산하고, 부호어 에러율(word error rate; WER) 성능을 추정하였다. 이상의 결과는 LDPC 복호기 설계에서 부호의 성능과 복호 복잡도 사이의 절충을 위해 사용될 수 있다. The performance and hardware complexity of LDPC decoders depend on the design parameters of quantization, the clipping threshold cth and the number of quantization bits q, and also on the maximum number of decoding iterations. In this paper, the BER performances of LDPC codes are evaluated according to the clipping threshold cth and the number of quantization bits q through the simulation studies. By comparing the quantized Min-Sum algorithm with the ideal Min-Sum algorithm, it is shown that the quantized case with cth = 2.5 and q = 6 has the best performance, which approaches the idea case. The decoding complexities are calculated and the word error rates (WER) are estimated by using the pdf which is obtained through the statistical analyses on the iteration numbers. These results can be utilized to tradeoff between the decoding performance and the complexity in LDPC decoder design.

Soymilk를 이용한 요구르트 제조 및 저장기간 동안의 품질변화에 관한 연구

신상민 ( Sang Min Shin ),송광영 ( Kwang Young Song ),서건호 ( Kun Ho Seo ),윤여창 ( Yoh Chang Yoon ) 한국유가공기술과학회 2012 한국유가공기술과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This study was performed for analyzing the general composition and the change in the quality of soymilk-derived yogurts manufactured by adding skim milk and whey powder to soymilk heat-treated at 95℃/5 min and 120℃/10 min, respectively. 1. During the storage of soymilk yogurt, the concentrations of total solids, protein, fat, and lactose slightly decreased, whereas viscosity, content of ash and NPN, and the number of lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged. 2. The pH and titratable acidity changed rapidly in all soymilk yogurts after 3 h of incubation. 3. We found 7.8×108 lactic acid bacteria in the control sample, 4.7×108 and 5.02×108 in soymilk yogurt with skim milk, respectively, and 5.9×108 and 5.5×108, respectively in soymilk yogurt with whey powder according to degree of heat treatment with 95℃/5 min and 120℃/10 min. 4. The viscosity of yogurt samples became lower as the heat treatment increased in temperature and in the length of time. 5. The value of sensory evaluation was relatively high in soymilk yogurt with the added skim milk, which was heat-treated 95℃/5 min; however, the value was significantly lower than that of the control sample. 6. Lactose, glucose, and galactose were detected in all samples because lactose is degraded into glucose and galactose within 3 h of inoculation.

간헐식 흐름방식을 활용한 수직 · 수평 습지의 정화효율 평가

주광진(Kwang Jin Joo),이동민(Dong Min Lee),김기중(Ki Jung Kim),조용철(Yong Chul Cho),장광현(Gwang Hyeon Jang),최이송(I Song Choi),오종민(Jong Min Oh) 응용생태공학회 2017 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.4 No.3

본 연구에서는 부영양화의 원인이 되는 질소와 인의 제거 효율을 향상시킬 목적으로 광물질을 활용한 여재를 이용하여 호기, 혐기의 흐름조건을 만들어주기 위한 수직·수평 흐름 인공습지를 고안하여 아크릴 반응조로 제작한 후 성능평가를 진행하였다. 수직·수평 흐름형 인공습지의 경우 호기 및 혐기조건을 평가하기 위해서 반응조 내 용존산소(DO) 농도를 측정해본 결과 호기상태에서는 2.7 ㎎/L, 혐기상태에서는 N.D로 확인되어 목적에 부합된 결과가 확인되었다. 실험결과에서는 SS 저감효과가 140 min, 80 min, 60 min의 운전시간에서 각각 94%, 91%, 61%의 효율을 보였고, T-P의 경우 각각의 운전시간에 따라 84%, 71%, 63%의 저감효율을 보였다. 또한 T-N의 경우 각각의 운전시간에 따라 63%, 49%, 42%의 저감효율을 보여 기존의 습지가 12~24 hr 체류시간을 가지는 것에 비하여 짧은 운전시간에도 높은 처리효율을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 수직·수평 흐름 방식을 복합 적용하여 기존 인공습지의 단점을 보완하기 위해 기술개발을 진행한 것으로 어떠한 기능적 효과를 갖는지 확인하였고, 향후 이에 대한 현장적용을 위한 운영 및 관리적 차원의 메커니즘 연구가 추가로 진행 될 필요가 있다. Nitrogen and phosphorus are key factors in causing eutrophication of water body. In this study, ceramics media was selected to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. We designed vertical, horizontal flow constructed wetlands to create aerobic and anaerobic flow conditions by using the media, then proceeded to performance evaluations after acrylic reactors were produced. In the case of vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands, we measured oxygen concentrations to evaluate aerobic and anaerobic conditions. we got the result of 2.7 ㎎/L in the aerobic condition, N.D in the anaerobic condition respectively, which suited our purpose. The result of the combined vertical and horizontal flow condition showed that the removal efficiency of SS was 94%, 91%, 61% at 140 min, 80 min, 60 min of running times, respectively, and the removal efficiency of T-P was 84%, 71%, 63% during each running time. In case of T-N, the removal efficiency was 63%, 49%, 42% during each running time. We found that the reactor exerted better removal efficiency when in the short time compared to 12 - 24 hr residence time of existing wetlands. In this study, we conducted experiments to explore functional effects after applying combined vertical and horizontal flow methods in the field. Further study will be carried out to identify its mechanism and administrative perspective.